Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/08927057241270832
Rania Mounir, MM El Zayat, A Sharaf, AA El-Gamal
By using a traditional roll mill, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/magnetite nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications were successfully prepared. The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The results from these techniques emphasis the preparation of Fe3O4 with a diameter range between 3.8 nm and 19 nm. Before and after gamma irradiation at different doses the impact of adding different contents of magnetite nanoparticles in NBR was carefully examined through mechanical and electrical measurements for all samples at room temperature. The mechanical parameters and the electrical properties of NBR were enhanced after adding Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) for all fabricated nanocomposites before and after gamma-ray irradiation under the same conditions of pressure, humidity and temperature was performed as a promising application for these materials in practical life. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of the prepared samples was measured in the X-band of the radio frequency range. There are three global maxima around 9.4 GHz, 10.4 GHz, and 11.4 GHz. Subsequent reinforcement of Fe3O4 nanoparticles into NBR produced higher shielding effectiveness for radio frequency signals. Furthermore, applied gamma radiation doses improved the shielding properties of the fabricated nanocomposites.
通过使用传统的辊轧机，成功制备了用于电磁干扰屏蔽的丁腈橡胶（NBR）/磁铁矿纳米复合材料。利用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外 (FTIR)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 和能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 技术对合成的磁铁矿纳米粒子进行了分析。这些技术的结果表明，制备出的 Fe3O4 直径范围在 3.8 纳米到 19 纳米之间。在室温下对所有样品进行不同剂量的伽马射线辐照前后，通过机械和电气测量仔细研究了在丁腈橡胶中添加不同含量的磁铁矿纳米粒子的影响。加入 Fe3O4 纳米粒子后，丁腈橡胶的机械参数和电气性能都得到了提高。在相同的压力、湿度和温度条件下，对所有制备的纳米复合材料进行伽马射线辐照前后的电磁干扰屏蔽（EMI）测试，结果表明这些材料在实际生活中的应用前景广阔。在射频范围的 X 波段测量了所制备样品的电磁屏蔽效能（SE）。在 9.4 GHz、10.4 GHz 和 11.4 GHz 附近有三个全局最大值。在丁腈橡胶中添加 Fe3O4 纳米粒子后，可产生更高的射频信号屏蔽效果。此外，应用伽马辐射剂量也提高了纳米复合材料的屏蔽性能。
{"title":"Enhancing the mechanical and electrical properties of irradiated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber/magnetite nanocomposites for electromagnetic shielding applications","authors":"Rania Mounir, MM El Zayat, A Sharaf, AA El-Gamal","doi":"10.1177/08927057241270832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241270832","url":null,"abstract":"By using a traditional roll mill, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/magnetite nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications were successfully prepared. The synthesized magnetite nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The results from these techniques emphasis the preparation of Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> with a diameter range between 3.8 nm and 19 nm. Before and after gamma irradiation at different doses the impact of adding different contents of magnetite nanoparticles in NBR was carefully examined through mechanical and electrical measurements for all samples at room temperature. The mechanical parameters and the electrical properties of NBR were enhanced after adding Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles. Electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI) for all fabricated nanocomposites before and after gamma-ray irradiation under the same conditions of pressure, humidity and temperature was performed as a promising application for these materials in practical life. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (SE) of the prepared samples was measured in the X-band of the radio frequency range. There are three global maxima around 9.4 GHz, 10.4 GHz, and 11.4 GHz. Subsequent reinforcement of Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles into NBR produced higher shielding effectiveness for radio frequency signals. Furthermore, applied gamma radiation doses improved the shielding properties of the fabricated nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the efficacy of chitosan and glyoxal-crosslinked chitosan (Chi-Gly) as reinforcing agents for enhancing the mechanical, physical, and functional properties of recycled paper. The research aims to evaluate the comparative performance of these two forms of chitosan in imparting strength characteristics and improved functionality to recycled paper substrates. Chitosan and Chi-Gly solutions prepared via glyoxal crosslinking were incorporated into recycled pulp suspensions at varying dosages. Laboratory handsheets were fabricated, and their properties were systematically evaluated through mechanical testing, morphological analysis, wettability measurements, and antibacterial assays. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the tensile index, burst index, and bending resistance for the chitosan and Chi-Gly treated papers, with the Chi-Gly exhibiting superior reinforcement. Notably, the Chi-Gly treated paper exhibited a higher wet tensile index and lower water absorption capacity than the control. SEM analysis revealed a denser, more cohesive fiber network facilitated by chitosan and Chi-Gly, aiding the reinforcement. The treated papers exhibited reduced hydrophobicity and pronounced antibacterial activity against E. coli (a gram-negative bacterium) and S. aureus (a gram-positive bacterium), with the Chi-Gly treatment outperforming chitosan. Notably, the treatments improved the functional properties without negatively impacting optical brightness. The findings highlight the synergistic effects of glyoxal crosslinking on chitosan’s reinforcing ability and the potential of these biopolymers as sustainable and multifunctional additives for the recycled paper industry.
{"title":"Valorizing recycled paper through chitosan and glyoxal-chitosan treatments: Synergistic effects on mechanical and physical properties","authors":"Elahe Chiani, Hossein Jalali Torshizi, Alireza Ashori, Hamidreza Rudi, Mohammad Reza Nabid","doi":"10.1177/08927057241271760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241271760","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the efficacy of chitosan and glyoxal-crosslinked chitosan (Chi-Gly) as reinforcing agents for enhancing the mechanical, physical, and functional properties of recycled paper. The research aims to evaluate the comparative performance of these two forms of chitosan in imparting strength characteristics and improved functionality to recycled paper substrates. Chitosan and Chi-Gly solutions prepared via glyoxal crosslinking were incorporated into recycled pulp suspensions at varying dosages. Laboratory handsheets were fabricated, and their properties were systematically evaluated through mechanical testing, morphological analysis, wettability measurements, and antibacterial assays. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the tensile index, burst index, and bending resistance for the chitosan and Chi-Gly treated papers, with the Chi-Gly exhibiting superior reinforcement. Notably, the Chi-Gly treated paper exhibited a higher wet tensile index and lower water absorption capacity than the control. SEM analysis revealed a denser, more cohesive fiber network facilitated by chitosan and Chi-Gly, aiding the reinforcement. The treated papers exhibited reduced hydrophobicity and pronounced antibacterial activity against E. coli (a gram-negative bacterium) and S. aureus (a gram-positive bacterium), with the Chi-Gly treatment outperforming chitosan. Notably, the treatments improved the functional properties without negatively impacting optical brightness. The findings highlight the synergistic effects of glyoxal crosslinking on chitosan’s reinforcing ability and the potential of these biopolymers as sustainable and multifunctional additives for the recycled paper industry.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/08927057241270891
Dazhi Zhu, Wanwu Ma, Jianqiang Chu, Zhiyuan Gong, Zhaobo Wang
A simple and effective strategy for preparing thermo-responsive shape memory polymers (TSMPs) can be designed where the novel TSMPs based on ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) and chlorinated polyethylene rubber (CR) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared using dynamic vulcanization. The morphology of the EMA/CR TPVs exhibited a sea-island structure obviously; moreover, the EMA served as the continuous phase and mainly provided the shape fixation (SF) capability of the blend, while the highly elastic CR was acted as the dispersed phase and provided the primary driving force during the shape recovery (SR) process. The SF and SR behaviors of the EMA/CR TPVs can be effectively controlled by varying the weight ratio of EMA/CR blends. Increasing the weight ratio of EMA/CR, the SF% of the EMA/CR TPVs was enhanced while the SR% was decreased remarkably. The shape memory behaviors of EMA/CR TPVs were significantly influenced by temperature. Notably, when the fixation and recovery temperatures were all set at 95°C, both the SF% and SR% of the EMA/CR TPVs with a weight ratio of 80/20 exceeded 95%, and the SR time was 15∼20s, demonstrating the excellent shape memory property.
{"title":"A novel polymer based on ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer/chloroprene rubber thermoplastic vulcanizates with rapid thermo-responsive shape memory property","authors":"Dazhi Zhu, Wanwu Ma, Jianqiang Chu, Zhiyuan Gong, Zhaobo Wang","doi":"10.1177/08927057241270891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241270891","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and effective strategy for preparing thermo-responsive shape memory polymers (TSMPs) can be designed where the novel TSMPs based on ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer (EMA) and chlorinated polyethylene rubber (CR) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) were prepared using dynamic vulcanization. The morphology of the EMA/CR TPVs exhibited a sea-island structure obviously; moreover, the EMA served as the continuous phase and mainly provided the shape fixation (SF) capability of the blend, while the highly elastic CR was acted as the dispersed phase and provided the primary driving force during the shape recovery (SR) process. The SF and SR behaviors of the EMA/CR TPVs can be effectively controlled by varying the weight ratio of EMA/CR blends. Increasing the weight ratio of EMA/CR, the SF% of the EMA/CR TPVs was enhanced while the SR% was decreased remarkably. The shape memory behaviors of EMA/CR TPVs were significantly influenced by temperature. Notably, when the fixation and recovery temperatures were all set at 95°C, both the SF% and SR% of the EMA/CR TPVs with a weight ratio of 80/20 exceeded 95%, and the SR time was 15∼20s, demonstrating the excellent shape memory property.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/08927057241268839
Ammar M Al-Areqi, Subbarayan Sivasankaran, Bandar A. Aloyaydi, Fahad A. Al-Mufadi
Additively manufactured composite structures can be utilized in the production of engineering materials with enhanced mechanical properties. In this work, mono-, bi-, and tri-material structures (MMS, BMS, and TMS, respectively) were fabricated using additively manufactured PLA (poly-lactic acid) lattice frames embedded with Polyurethane (PU) foam and milled glass fibers (MGFs). TMS samples were reinforced with MGFs at 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 vol%, indicated as TMS-1, TMS-2, TMS-3, and TMS-4, respectively. The mechanical response of these composite structures was tested by applying a low-velocity impact load. The effects of MGF content and variations in applied impact energy, and variation in microstructure on the composite samples were investigated. Results revealed an enhanced mechanical response of TMS samples compared to MMS and BMS. Additionally, with increasing applied impact energy, the TMS samples showed an improved corresponding response, with a peak absorbed energy of 96.03% of the applied 60 J energy. Furthermore, to study the applicability of the composite structures in real-life applications, helmet prototypes made of MMS, BMS, and TMS were designed and tested under the applied low-velocity load, showing an improved response of TMS helmet samples compared to the other composite structures.
{"title":"Investigating the low velocity impact response of additively manufactured tri-material composite structure with application on helmet","authors":"Ammar M Al-Areqi, Subbarayan Sivasankaran, Bandar A. Aloyaydi, Fahad A. Al-Mufadi","doi":"10.1177/08927057241268839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241268839","url":null,"abstract":"Additively manufactured composite structures can be utilized in the production of engineering materials with enhanced mechanical properties. In this work, mono-, bi-, and tri-material structures (MMS, BMS, and TMS, respectively) were fabricated using additively manufactured PLA (poly-lactic acid) lattice frames embedded with Polyurethane (PU) foam and milled glass fibers (MGFs). TMS samples were reinforced with MGFs at 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 vol%, indicated as TMS-1, TMS-2, TMS-3, and TMS-4, respectively. The mechanical response of these composite structures was tested by applying a low-velocity impact load. The effects of MGF content and variations in applied impact energy, and variation in microstructure on the composite samples were investigated. Results revealed an enhanced mechanical response of TMS samples compared to MMS and BMS. Additionally, with increasing applied impact energy, the TMS samples showed an improved corresponding response, with a peak absorbed energy of 96.03% of the applied 60 J energy. Furthermore, to study the applicability of the composite structures in real-life applications, helmet prototypes made of MMS, BMS, and TMS were designed and tested under the applied low-velocity load, showing an improved response of TMS helmet samples compared to the other composite structures.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1177/08927057241270907
Tanmoy Rath, Ibrahim A Alnaser, Asiful H Seikh
A unique morphology was fabricated using melt mixing of polysulfone (PSU) and nylon 6, 6, as well as organically modified clay to produce two blended nanocomposite compositions (80/20 and 60/40 w/w) of polysulfone and nylon 6, 6. The morphology of PSU/Nylon 6, 6 blend nanocomposites with various amounts of clay has been examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). In the case of 80/20 (w/w) PSU/Nylon 6, 6 without clay, the Nylon 6, 6 is dispersed in the PSU matrix with an average particle size of about 6.81 micrometers (μm). After adding clay (2%, 4%, and 8%), the domain size of nylon 6, 6 decreases, although the decrease rate is much slower than initially observed. However, we discovered that when the organoclay level exceeds 2%, the matrix-domain structure transforms into a co-continuous morphology for the 60/40 (w/w) blends. The TEM studies clearly demonstrate that the organoclay preferentially positions itself in the nylon 6, 6 phase, exhibiting a high degree of exfoliation, while the PSU phase of the nanocomposites remains devoid of clay, irrespective of the amount present. This study indicates that the size of clay platelets dispersed in the PSU/Nylon 6, 6 blend plays an important role in determining the morphology and stability of these blends. Moreover, the co-continuous structures were stable against further annealing at high temperatures, thus inhibiting the coalescence of the dispersed phase in addition to reducing interfacial tension.
{"title":"Fabrication of co-continuous morphology of polysulfone/nylon 6, 6 nanocomposites by varying the concentration of organically modified clay content","authors":"Tanmoy Rath, Ibrahim A Alnaser, Asiful H Seikh","doi":"10.1177/08927057241270907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241270907","url":null,"abstract":"A unique morphology was fabricated using melt mixing of polysulfone (PSU) and nylon 6, 6, as well as organically modified clay to produce two blended nanocomposite compositions (80/20 and 60/40 w/w) of polysulfone and nylon 6, 6. The morphology of PSU/Nylon 6, 6 blend nanocomposites with various amounts of clay has been examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). In the case of 80/20 (w/w) PSU/Nylon 6, 6 without clay, the Nylon 6, 6 is dispersed in the PSU matrix with an average particle size of about 6.81 micrometers (μm). After adding clay (2%, 4%, and 8%), the domain size of nylon 6, 6 decreases, although the decrease rate is much slower than initially observed. However, we discovered that when the organoclay level exceeds 2%, the matrix-domain structure transforms into a co-continuous morphology for the 60/40 (w/w) blends. The TEM studies clearly demonstrate that the organoclay preferentially positions itself in the nylon 6, 6 phase, exhibiting a high degree of exfoliation, while the PSU phase of the nanocomposites remains devoid of clay, irrespective of the amount present. This study indicates that the size of clay platelets dispersed in the PSU/Nylon 6, 6 blend plays an important role in determining the morphology and stability of these blends. Moreover, the co-continuous structures were stable against further annealing at high temperatures, thus inhibiting the coalescence of the dispersed phase in addition to reducing interfacial tension.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141871714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1177/08927057241268832
Dibya P Sethy, Swarnalata Sahoo
Bio-sourced plastics are most widely essence among all potential materials to replace fossil based plastics which have many unfavorable impacts to the environment like global warming, land pollution, water pollution and global warming etc. Fossil based polymers that is polypropylene are mainly non biodegradable in nature and that tends to cause pollution on the earth surface and causes different harmful diseases if we do not provide proper disposal to waste polymers. To keep eye on that, this review paper focused on the replacement fossil based polymer with introducing biopolymer Polylatic Acid (PLA) polymer matrix composite with the incorporation of different leaf fiber. The intention of the current review is to represent the detailed idea for the development of PLA polymer matrix composite with the incorporation of different leaf fiber and with the proper selection compatibilizer to enhance the mechanical, degradation and other properties. Among these, leaves, once relegated to the realms of waste, have risen as potent contributors to the realm of fiber composites. The spotlight of exploration falls on green composites reinforced with leaf fibers, showcasing mechanical properties and modulus that surpass other classes of polymer composites. This revelation not only reshapes our understanding of plant-based fibers but also propels them into the forefront of innovation across industries. The modified composite can be used as various packaging materials in different areas like in textile industry, medicine and drug packaging, food industry for food packaging etc. This overview will support the researchers to engage in the development of degradation capability with enhancing mechanical properties of bio-sourced materials as composite materials. In essence, this review not only describes the essence of leaf fiber based composites but also acts as a main role for a greener, more sustainable future. It deliberates the necessity of leaves, transforming them from waste into a usable product thereby producing more strength in composite materials.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on different leaf fiber loading on PLA polymer matrix composite","authors":"Dibya P Sethy, Swarnalata Sahoo","doi":"10.1177/08927057241268832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241268832","url":null,"abstract":"Bio-sourced plastics are most widely essence among all potential materials to replace fossil based plastics which have many unfavorable impacts to the environment like global warming, land pollution, water pollution and global warming etc. Fossil based polymers that is polypropylene are mainly non biodegradable in nature and that tends to cause pollution on the earth surface and causes different harmful diseases if we do not provide proper disposal to waste polymers. To keep eye on that, this review paper focused on the replacement fossil based polymer with introducing biopolymer Polylatic Acid (PLA) polymer matrix composite with the incorporation of different leaf fiber. The intention of the current review is to represent the detailed idea for the development of PLA polymer matrix composite with the incorporation of different leaf fiber and with the proper selection compatibilizer to enhance the mechanical, degradation and other properties. Among these, leaves, once relegated to the realms of waste, have risen as potent contributors to the realm of fiber composites. The spotlight of exploration falls on green composites reinforced with leaf fibers, showcasing mechanical properties and modulus that surpass other classes of polymer composites. This revelation not only reshapes our understanding of plant-based fibers but also propels them into the forefront of innovation across industries. The modified composite can be used as various packaging materials in different areas like in textile industry, medicine and drug packaging, food industry for food packaging etc. This overview will support the researchers to engage in the development of degradation capability with enhancing mechanical properties of bio-sourced materials as composite materials. In essence, this review not only describes the essence of leaf fiber based composites but also acts as a main role for a greener, more sustainable future. It deliberates the necessity of leaves, transforming them from waste into a usable product thereby producing more strength in composite materials.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1177/08927057241265326
Ayesha Kausar
Trans-1,4-polyisoprene (a thermoplastic crystalline polymer) and polystyrene (an amorphous or semicrystalline polymer) have been frequently used as important matrix materials for the formation of nanocomposites. Trans-1,4-polyisoprene has crystallinity and toughness properties, whereas polystyrene has transparent and brittle nature. These matrices have revealed shape memory effects through the inclusion of carbon nanoparticles like graphene and carbon nanotube, as well as inorganic nanoparticles like titania, silica, and metal nanoparticles. The nanoparticle addition has been found to induce shape changes as well as microstructural and physical property alterations in the matrices. This state-of-the art review article reports on the stimuli responsiveness of important categories of trans-1,4-polyisoprene and polystyrene based nanocomposites. These nanomaterials revealed important thermal, electric, and radiation induced responses. High performance shape memory effects have been observed depending upon the nanoparticle type, contents, and interactions with the polymer network. With the carbon nanoparticles like carbon nanotube, graphene, or carbon black, trans-1,4-polyisoprene revealed high shape recovery responses of 95%–99%. The nanocomposites of copolymers or blends of trans-1,4-polyisoprene also depicted the shape recovery of up to 100%. The shape memory nanocomposites of polystyrene and its blends and copolymers with different types of nanoparticles exhibited effective thermo responsive and electro active shape memory behavior. Consequently, the effective shape memory effects have been attributed to the homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion as well as the network formation for an active polymer chain switching.
{"title":"Shape memory behaviour of nanoparticle reinforced trans-1,4-polyisoprene and polystyrene nanocomposites—Aspects and advancements","authors":"Ayesha Kausar","doi":"10.1177/08927057241265326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241265326","url":null,"abstract":"Trans-1,4-polyisoprene (a thermoplastic crystalline polymer) and polystyrene (an amorphous or semicrystalline polymer) have been frequently used as important matrix materials for the formation of nanocomposites. Trans-1,4-polyisoprene has crystallinity and toughness properties, whereas polystyrene has transparent and brittle nature. These matrices have revealed shape memory effects through the inclusion of carbon nanoparticles like graphene and carbon nanotube, as well as inorganic nanoparticles like titania, silica, and metal nanoparticles. The nanoparticle addition has been found to induce shape changes as well as microstructural and physical property alterations in the matrices. This state-of-the art review article reports on the stimuli responsiveness of important categories of trans-1,4-polyisoprene and polystyrene based nanocomposites. These nanomaterials revealed important thermal, electric, and radiation induced responses. High performance shape memory effects have been observed depending upon the nanoparticle type, contents, and interactions with the polymer network. With the carbon nanoparticles like carbon nanotube, graphene, or carbon black, trans-1,4-polyisoprene revealed high shape recovery responses of 95%–99%. The nanocomposites of copolymers or blends of trans-1,4-polyisoprene also depicted the shape recovery of up to 100%. The shape memory nanocomposites of polystyrene and its blends and copolymers with different types of nanoparticles exhibited effective thermo responsive and electro active shape memory behavior. Consequently, the effective shape memory effects have been attributed to the homogeneous nanoparticle dispersion as well as the network formation for an active polymer chain switching.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-20DOI: 10.1177/08927057241264802
Hesham Moustafa, Mohamed H Hemida, Mohamed A Nour, Ahmed I Abou-Kandil
More than 1.3 billion tons of foodstuffs are wasted each year because of their storage, handling, transportation or sale, resulting in the world suffering from famine and food shortages. This means that huge amounts of the resources utilized in food production are wasted. Greenhouse gas emissions caused by food degradation that gets wasted results in serious environmental and human health impacts. Food losses could be caused by microbes, temperature, humidity, UV-lights, or other factors related to the current pandemics, that have serious jeopardy impacts on the food security and the environment. Thus, smart packaging-based 2D-nanomaterials (2DMs) including sensors and pH-responsive tags have developed for achieving the quality and prolong the shelf-life of foodstuffs. Because they are capable to detect, sense, record internal or external changes in the product’s area. They also can give a prompt message or color changing to the producer or consumer to decide about the shelf lives and expiration dates for consuming the foodstuffs without deteriorating food and packaging. This study reviews the recent advancements in 2DMs regarding preparation, characterization, and applications including active/intelligent food packaging industries. Facile and green functionalization of 2DMs-based graphene oxide (GO) by folic acid or natural dyes enabling them be used in several sensor/artificial intelligence disciplines are discussed. Future insights on the challenges towards the potential outbreak prevention in foodstuffs and their control in long-term use and risk management of these materials are also discussed.
{"title":"Intelligent packaging films based on two-dimensional nanomaterials for food safety and quality monitoring: Future insights and roadblocks","authors":"Hesham Moustafa, Mohamed H Hemida, Mohamed A Nour, Ahmed I Abou-Kandil","doi":"10.1177/08927057241264802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241264802","url":null,"abstract":"More than 1.3 billion tons of foodstuffs are wasted each year because of their storage, handling, transportation or sale, resulting in the world suffering from famine and food shortages. This means that huge amounts of the resources utilized in food production are wasted. Greenhouse gas emissions caused by food degradation that gets wasted results in serious environmental and human health impacts. Food losses could be caused by microbes, temperature, humidity, UV-lights, or other factors related to the current pandemics, that have serious jeopardy impacts on the food security and the environment. Thus, smart packaging-based 2D-nanomaterials (2DMs) including sensors and pH-responsive tags have developed for achieving the quality and prolong the shelf-life of foodstuffs. Because they are capable to detect, sense, record internal or external changes in the product’s area. They also can give a prompt message or color changing to the producer or consumer to decide about the shelf lives and expiration dates for consuming the foodstuffs without deteriorating food and packaging. This study reviews the recent advancements in 2DMs regarding preparation, characterization, and applications including active/intelligent food packaging industries. Facile and green functionalization of 2DMs-based graphene oxide (GO) by folic acid or natural dyes enabling them be used in several sensor/artificial intelligence disciplines are discussed. Future insights on the challenges towards the potential outbreak prevention in foodstuffs and their control in long-term use and risk management of these materials are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1177/08927057241264475
Matthias Feuchtgruber, John Holmes, Silvano Sommacal, Maximilian Strobel, Florian Gehringer, Patrick Consul, Dennis Bublitz, Jasper Weghorst, Robert Thomson, Frank Strachauer, Paul Compston, Klaus Drechsler
In this work, we investigated the effect of plain woven carbon fiber tape embedded in each layer of an additively manufactured part on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and compared it to conventionally printed parts. Current advancements in Additive Manufacturing enable cost-efficient 3D printing of composite tools. However, these tools do not yet offer a low CTE comparable to Invar, necessary for producing aerospace-quality composite parts. Using the novel Advanced Tape Layer Additive Manufacturing process, the tape is placed on top of the bead immediately after extruding the short fiber-reinforced material. The samples are compared to Material Extrusion specimens from a Large Format Additive Manufacturing System. A lower CTE was achieved within the printing plane. Micro-computed tomography images correlate the preferential orientation of short fibers with measured CTE values. The CTE modification can match the part CTE to the tool CTE and therefore optimize the quality of manufactured parts.
{"title":"Using carbon fiber tape to tailor the coefficient of thermal expansion in 3D-Printed composite tooling","authors":"Matthias Feuchtgruber, John Holmes, Silvano Sommacal, Maximilian Strobel, Florian Gehringer, Patrick Consul, Dennis Bublitz, Jasper Weghorst, Robert Thomson, Frank Strachauer, Paul Compston, Klaus Drechsler","doi":"10.1177/08927057241264475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241264475","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we investigated the effect of plain woven carbon fiber tape embedded in each layer of an additively manufactured part on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and compared it to conventionally printed parts. Current advancements in Additive Manufacturing enable cost-efficient 3D printing of composite tools. However, these tools do not yet offer a low CTE comparable to Invar, necessary for producing aerospace-quality composite parts. Using the novel Advanced Tape Layer Additive Manufacturing process, the tape is placed on top of the bead immediately after extruding the short fiber-reinforced material. The samples are compared to Material Extrusion specimens from a Large Format Additive Manufacturing System. A lower CTE was achieved within the printing plane. Micro-computed tomography images correlate the preferential orientation of short fibers with measured CTE values. The CTE modification can match the part CTE to the tool CTE and therefore optimize the quality of manufactured parts.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1177/08927057241259745
Jagadeesh N Swamy, Wouter JB Grouve, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Remko Akkerman
Gaps and void pockets are inevitably present in tailored thermoplastic composite preforms manufactured via automated fiber placement (AFP). Filling these gaps and voids can be challenging during the consolidation due to the high viscosity of thermoplastic composites, especially in the case of vacuum-bag-only (VBO) consolidation, where the applied pressure is limited. Therefore, the current work investigates whether one bar pressure is sufficient to fill the gaps and voids during VBO consolidation. For this purpose, two experiments are performed. First, a hot plate setup is built and used to capture the real-time gap-filling behavior during the VBO consolidation. Second, VBO consolidation of tailored preforms is performed to study the filling of ply-drop induced void pockets. Here, the tailored preform consists of plies of different orientations dropped at different locations to verify if one bar pressure available during the VBO process is sufficient to fill the void pockets. The results from both experiments answered the main question that one bar pressure is sufficient for filling the gaps and void pockets for the given material systems, and further, it was confirmed that the transverse squeeze flow was dominant in filling gaps. However, in the case of fillings of ply-drop induced void pockets, the orientation of the dropped ply and covering plies majorly dictated the filling behavior.
{"title":"An experimental study on filling of gaps and void pockets during vacuum-bag-only consolidation of fiber placed preforms","authors":"Jagadeesh N Swamy, Wouter JB Grouve, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Remko Akkerman","doi":"10.1177/08927057241259745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08927057241259745","url":null,"abstract":"Gaps and void pockets are inevitably present in tailored thermoplastic composite preforms manufactured via automated fiber placement (AFP). Filling these gaps and voids can be challenging during the consolidation due to the high viscosity of thermoplastic composites, especially in the case of vacuum-bag-only (VBO) consolidation, where the applied pressure is limited. Therefore, the current work investigates whether one bar pressure is sufficient to fill the gaps and voids during VBO consolidation. For this purpose, two experiments are performed. First, a hot plate setup is built and used to capture the real-time gap-filling behavior during the VBO consolidation. Second, VBO consolidation of tailored preforms is performed to study the filling of ply-drop induced void pockets. Here, the tailored preform consists of plies of different orientations dropped at different locations to verify if one bar pressure available during the VBO process is sufficient to fill the void pockets. The results from both experiments answered the main question that one bar pressure is sufficient for filling the gaps and void pockets for the given material systems, and further, it was confirmed that the transverse squeeze flow was dominant in filling gaps. However, in the case of fillings of ply-drop induced void pockets, the orientation of the dropped ply and covering plies majorly dictated the filling behavior.","PeriodicalId":17446,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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