Most of the coronaviruses are known because they are pathogens of veterinary and economic importance or of social importance. The current knowledge on the origin, diversity, evolution of coronaviruses, as well as treatment and prevention strategies, and their impact on animal industries are discussed in this paper. The contribution factors for the outbreak of pathogenic coronaviruses and the potential of spill over of zoonotic coronaviruses to humans are also highlighted in this review paper.
{"title":"Coronaviruses of the veterinary and socio-economic importance: Classification, pathogenicity, transmission, and evolution of the coronaviruses","authors":"Mohd Iswadi Ismail","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.781","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the coronaviruses are known because they are pathogens of veterinary and economic importance or of social importance. The current knowledge on the origin, diversity, evolution of coronaviruses, as well as treatment and prevention strategies, and their impact on animal industries are discussed in this paper. The contribution factors for the outbreak of pathogenic coronaviruses and the potential of spill over of zoonotic coronaviruses to humans are also highlighted in this review paper. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77340732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jamaludin, Zulhisyam A.K., Abdullah F.A., Yusoff A.M., Hasbollah H.R.
Tilapia is one of the fastest growing aquaculture productions in the world and understanding of its storage to ensure the quality of the fish before the product reaches consumer is important. Freezing changes a food physical state by changing water into ice when energy is removed in the form of cooling below freezing temperature and its effect on the quality of fish is widely studied. This present study evaluated the effect of frozen storage of tilapia fillet at -18°C over 120 days. The study revealed that all the chemical quality indices studied like pH (6.60±0.02 to 6.98±0.05), TVB-N (11.81±0.03 N/100g to 22.98±0.18 N/100g), TBA (0.03±0.02 mg malondialdehyde/Kg to 0.18±0.06 mg malondialdehyde/Kg) and PV (0.02±0.00 mEq/kg to 0.80±0.07 mEq/kg) increased in value over the 120 days of storage period. Meanwhile the sensory attribute of the fillet decreased for all parameters evaluated, but were still considered acceptable at the end of the storage period.
{"title":"Effect of frozen storage on the chemical and sensory properties of red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","authors":"M. Jamaludin, Zulhisyam A.K., Abdullah F.A., Yusoff A.M., Hasbollah H.R.","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.776","url":null,"abstract":"Tilapia is one of the fastest growing aquaculture productions in the world and understanding of its storage to ensure the quality of the fish before the product reaches consumer is important. Freezing changes a food physical state by changing water into ice when energy is removed in the form of cooling below freezing temperature and its effect on the quality of fish is widely studied. This present study evaluated the effect of frozen storage of tilapia fillet at -18°C over 120 days. The study revealed that all the chemical quality indices studied like pH (6.60±0.02 to 6.98±0.05), TVB-N (11.81±0.03 N/100g to 22.98±0.18 N/100g), TBA (0.03±0.02 mg malondialdehyde/Kg to 0.18±0.06 mg malondialdehyde/Kg) and PV (0.02±0.00 mEq/kg to 0.80±0.07 mEq/kg) increased in value over the 120 days of storage period. Meanwhile the sensory attribute of the fillet decreased for all parameters evaluated, but were still considered acceptable at the end of the storage period.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75505221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Amaludin, N. A. Ab Majid, N. N. Mohd Zulkafli, Nur Anis Zarifa Zamri, S. A. Ahmad Zu, M. A. Abdul Karim, R. Zakaria, S. Khamis
Coastal areas are environmentally sensitive areas filled with various local inhabitants focusing on the tree species ecosystem continuing to develop according to its environment. Pantai Sabak is one of the well-known eroded beaches in Kelantan due to the natural phenomenon, tidal wave erosion. This study aimed to identify the species availability and determine the species abundance, density, frequency, and diversity found in Pantai Sabak, Kelantan. Certain native species and common tree species at the coastline area are still available, such as Nypa fruticans and Ipomoea pes-caprae. Shocking results are achieved whereby the shoreline area has been degraded by the tidal wave and shoving away some species such as Cocos nucifera. Due to the situation, the coastal area has reached the mangrove area resulted in the species along the transect line is mangrove species namely Excoecaria agallocha. Another species achieved were shrubs and it showed Pantai Sabak has been severely damaged. A total of 1,350 individuals of 30 species from 30 genera belong to 22 families were recorded along two kilometres transect line. By using the diversity index which is Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) value is 2.99, Shannon-Wiener Maximum Index (H’max) is 3.40 while Shannon Evenness (EH) is 0.88. These results showed the area of the study is still diverse in species hence dominated by shrubs such Lantana camara. Hence, this study only focuses on the species diversity ecosystem, not the causes of the occurrence that occurred.
{"title":"Assessment of plant species diversity and abundance using line-transect method at Pantai Sabak, Kelantan","authors":"N. A. Amaludin, N. A. Ab Majid, N. N. Mohd Zulkafli, Nur Anis Zarifa Zamri, S. A. Ahmad Zu, M. A. Abdul Karim, R. Zakaria, S. Khamis","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.789","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal areas are environmentally sensitive areas filled with various local inhabitants focusing on the tree species ecosystem continuing to develop according to its environment. Pantai Sabak is one of the well-known eroded beaches in Kelantan due to the natural phenomenon, tidal wave erosion. This study aimed to identify the species availability and determine the species abundance, density, frequency, and diversity found in Pantai Sabak, Kelantan. Certain native species and common tree species at the coastline area are still available, such as Nypa fruticans and Ipomoea pes-caprae. Shocking results are achieved whereby the shoreline area has been degraded by the tidal wave and shoving away some species such as Cocos nucifera. Due to the situation, the coastal area has reached the mangrove area resulted in the species along the transect line is mangrove species namely Excoecaria agallocha. Another species achieved were shrubs and it showed Pantai Sabak has been severely damaged. A total of 1,350 individuals of 30 species from 30 genera belong to 22 families were recorded along two kilometres transect line. By using the diversity index which is Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) value is 2.99, Shannon-Wiener Maximum Index (H’max) is 3.40 while Shannon Evenness (EH) is 0.88. These results showed the area of the study is still diverse in species hence dominated by shrubs such Lantana camara. Hence, this study only focuses on the species diversity ecosystem, not the causes of the occurrence that occurred. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82617276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Wahab, N. Wong, Maria Jose Santoz-Martinez, F. Boylan
A newly reported alkaloid was isolated from the hexane extract of Choisya ternata Kunth. (Rutaceae) leaves, identified as 6,8-Dimethoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)quinolin-2-ol (choisyaternatine) (A), together with the known compounds skimmianine (B), lup-20(29)-en-3?-ol (lupeol) (C) and tecleamaniensine A (D). Compounds C and D are reported for the first time in this species. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data. The structure of choisyaternatine was further confirmed based on X-ray data analysis. Anti-platelet activity of hexane extract, choisyaternatine and skimmianine was also evaluated. The extract was able to significantly inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation at all concentrations tested (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). The new compound, choisyaternatine, has shown a significant inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation demonstrated in a concentration dependent manner from 250 µM. The concentrations which inhibit 50% of platelet aggregation (IC50) were found to be 564 µM for skimmianine and 698 µM for choisyaternatine. This is also the first report for the antiplatelet activity for this plant and these alkaloids using human platelets.
从菊苣的己烷提取液中分离得到一种新生物碱。(芸香科)叶片，鉴定为6,8-二甲氧基-7-(3-甲基-2-乙氧基)喹啉-2-醇(选择水杨酸)(A)，以及已知化合物skimmianine (B)， lup20 (29)-en-3?-ol (lupeol) (C)和tecleamanienine A (D).化合物C和D为首次在该种中报道。通过广泛的光谱分析和与先前报道的光谱数据的比较，阐明了分离化合物的结构。通过x射线数据分析进一步证实了选择性水杨碱的结构。并对己烷提取物、选择性水杨酸钠和脱脂蜜氨酸的抗血小板活性进行了评价。在所有测试浓度(25、50和100µg/ml)下，提取物都能显著抑制胶原诱导的血小板聚集。新化合物选择性水杨酸钠(choisyaternatine)对胶原诱导的血小板聚集具有明显的抑制作用，从250µM开始呈浓度依赖性。对50%的血小板聚集有抑制作用的浓度分别为564µM和698µM。这也是该植物及其生物碱利用人血小板抗血小板活性的首次报道。
{"title":"Inhibition of human platelet aggregation by Choisyaternatine isolated from Choisya ternata (Rutaceae)","authors":"I. Wahab, N. Wong, Maria Jose Santoz-Martinez, F. Boylan","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.777","url":null,"abstract":"A newly reported alkaloid was isolated from the hexane extract of Choisya ternata Kunth. (Rutaceae) leaves, identified as 6,8-Dimethoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)quinolin-2-ol (choisyaternatine) (A), together with the known compounds skimmianine (B), lup-20(29)-en-3?-ol (lupeol) (C) and tecleamaniensine A (D). Compounds C and D are reported for the first time in this species. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data. The structure of choisyaternatine was further confirmed based on X-ray data analysis. Anti-platelet activity of hexane extract, choisyaternatine and skimmianine was also evaluated. The extract was able to significantly inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation at all concentrations tested (25, 50 and 100 µg/ml). The new compound, choisyaternatine, has shown a significant inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation demonstrated in a concentration dependent manner from 250 µM. The concentrations which inhibit 50% of platelet aggregation (IC50) were found to be 564 µM for skimmianine and 698 µM for choisyaternatine. This is also the first report for the antiplatelet activity for this plant and these alkaloids using human platelets.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75164234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbiological contamination of vegetables occurs directly along the food chain resulting in a serious Health problem and consequently leading to death during the acute phase of the microbial infection. A total of 15 different samples were randomly purchased and analyzed for the presence of enteropathogenic organisms. Enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, fungi and coliform counts were carried out using standard procedures which is the use of most probable numbers (MPN). Isolation and identification of some pathogens was also carried out using standard procedures. The mean count of all the three (3) different samples (cucumber, tomato and lettuce) were exceeded the maximum acceptable limit (105cfu/g/ml) set by the Food and Agricultural Organizations (FAO). The highest mean count for both bacteria and fungi in all the 15 samples; cucumber with 1.52x105 cfu/g of bacteria and 1.01x105 cfu/g of fungi, tomato with 1.34x105 cfu/g of bacteria and 1.06x105 cfu/g of fungal, whereas, lettuce with 1.18x105 and 1.29x105 of bacteria and fungi respectively. Out of 15 different samples examined the occurrence of enteropathogenic organisms in all the sample were found to be 65% of cucumber while tomato had 60% followed by lettuce with 60%. This shows that cucumber samples are more contaminated due to the higher percentage of occurrence the enteropathogenic organisms in it. The results indicated that the vegetable samples examined in this study did not meet bacteriological quality standards. The implications of the results on human and environmental health are discussed.
{"title":"Determination of microbiological quality of vegetables irrigated with Kano Abattoir wastewater","authors":"M. A. Abubakar, O. A., B. K.","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.780","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiological contamination of vegetables occurs directly along the food chain resulting in a serious Health problem and consequently leading to death during the acute phase of the microbial infection. A total of 15 different samples were randomly purchased and analyzed for the presence of enteropathogenic organisms. Enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, fungi and coliform counts were carried out using standard procedures which is the use of most probable numbers (MPN). Isolation and identification of some pathogens was also carried out using standard procedures. The mean count of all the three (3) different samples (cucumber, tomato and lettuce) were exceeded the maximum acceptable limit (105cfu/g/ml) set by the Food and Agricultural Organizations (FAO). The highest mean count for both bacteria and fungi in all the 15 samples; cucumber with 1.52x105 cfu/g of bacteria and 1.01x105 cfu/g of fungi, tomato with 1.34x105 cfu/g of bacteria and 1.06x105 cfu/g of fungal, whereas, lettuce with 1.18x105 and 1.29x105 of bacteria and fungi respectively. Out of 15 different samples examined the occurrence of enteropathogenic organisms in all the sample were found to be 65% of cucumber while tomato had 60% followed by lettuce with 60%. This shows that cucumber samples are more contaminated due to the higher percentage of occurrence the enteropathogenic organisms in it. The results indicated that the vegetable samples examined in this study did not meet bacteriological quality standards. The implications of the results on human and environmental health are discussed.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Freshwater snail is known to be an intermediate host for parasites. However, little is known on terrestrial snails whether they can become host for any parasites as well. The identification of the land snails also need confirmation as there are disagreements on the classification result of land snail species. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of snail parasites in livestock and poultry farms from Penang and Kedah, Malaysia. Identification of the snail species was conducted based on the morphological features and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis. Out of 105 individual snails collected, four species were found in this study with the highest prevalence of 47.62% (50/105) snails identified as Physella acuta followed by Macrochlamys sp. with 31.4% (33/105). While 14.3% (15/105) were identified as Physella cubensis and the lowest prevalence was identified as Filopaludina sp. with 6.7% (7/105). Among these four species, only Physella acuta and Macrochlamys sp. were found to be infected with helminth parasites namely trematode and nematode. Macrochlamys sp. recorded the highest prevalence of parasitic infection with the prevalence of 87.9%. Besides, there are 134 of endoparasite and 36 of ectoparasite found in this study namely, Barchylaima fuscatum (helminth), 3 unknown nematode, and 36 Riccardoella limacum or slug mite which was found on the surface and in the mantle cavity of the snails.
{"title":"Molecular identifications of land snails (Gastropoda) and determination of its associated parasites","authors":"Suhaila Ab Hamid, Izrena Othman, N. Ramli","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.787","url":null,"abstract":"Freshwater snail is known to be an intermediate host for parasites. However, little is known on terrestrial snails whether they can become host for any parasites as well. The identification of the land snails also need confirmation as there are disagreements on the classification result of land snail species. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of snail parasites in livestock and poultry farms from Penang and Kedah, Malaysia. Identification of the snail species was conducted based on the morphological features and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis. Out of 105 individual snails collected, four species were found in this study with the highest prevalence of 47.62% (50/105) snails identified as Physella acuta followed by Macrochlamys sp. with 31.4% (33/105). While 14.3% (15/105) were identified as Physella cubensis and the lowest prevalence was identified as Filopaludina sp. with 6.7% (7/105). Among these four species, only Physella acuta and Macrochlamys sp. were found to be infected with helminth parasites namely trematode and nematode. Macrochlamys sp. recorded the highest prevalence of parasitic infection with the prevalence of 87.9%. Besides, there are 134 of endoparasite and 36 of ectoparasite found in this study namely, Barchylaima fuscatum (helminth), 3 unknown nematode, and 36 Riccardoella limacum or slug mite which was found on the surface and in the mantle cavity of the snails. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82086446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. B. Mohammad Naser, Wafiqah Ismail, Norashirene Mohamad Jamil, Nur ‘Aliyaa Nizam, K. Hambali, S. K. Mohd Hatta
The study was performed to determine the diversity and distribution of Hymenoptera across the environmental gradient ranging from fringe forest, mid forest to inner forest. The study was conducted in a selected area of Tuba Island Forest Reserve from 17th to 21st September 2020 using Malaise trap, an insect capturing trap. During this study, a total of 133 individuals of Hymenoptera were sampled from 12 families and 27 morphospecies. Hymenoptera was most abundantly found in the forest fringe with 64 individuals (11 families, 25 morphospecies) and least abundant in the inner forest with 26 individuals (7 families, 8 morphospecies). The top three highest number of individuals recorded were Formicidae (43 individuals), Braconidae (28 individuals) and Ichneumonidae with 27 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') showed that the forest fringe had the highest diversity value with H'=1.80 while the lowest was recorded in the mid forest with H'=1.43. The Evenness Index (E’) was highest at mid forest (E’=0.81) and the Margalef Richness Index (R’) value recorded the highest at forest fringe indicating a high species richness with R’=2.40. Kruskal-Wallis test reveals that the distribution of Hymenopterans from the forest fringe to the inner forest did not differ significantly with P>0.05. High similarities in microclimate variables (monsoon season, temperature, humidity, and light intensity), resources availability, forest features, hiding places, and the presence of predators are among the factors influencing the homogeneity of the composition and abundance of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island. This study is the first checklist of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island and can be utilised as a baseline dataset for further ecological research at Tuba Island.
{"title":"Preliminary study on hymenopteran distribution and abundance from island ecosystem of Tuba Island Forest Reserve, Langkawi","authors":"N. B. Mohammad Naser, Wafiqah Ismail, Norashirene Mohamad Jamil, Nur ‘Aliyaa Nizam, K. Hambali, S. K. Mohd Hatta","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.788","url":null,"abstract":"The study was performed to determine the diversity and distribution of Hymenoptera across the environmental gradient ranging from fringe forest, mid forest to inner forest. The study was conducted in a selected area of Tuba Island Forest Reserve from 17th to 21st September 2020 using Malaise trap, an insect capturing trap. During this study, a total of 133 individuals of Hymenoptera were sampled from 12 families and 27 morphospecies. Hymenoptera was most abundantly found in the forest fringe with 64 individuals (11 families, 25 morphospecies) and least abundant in the inner forest with 26 individuals (7 families, 8 morphospecies). The top three highest number of individuals recorded were Formicidae (43 individuals), Braconidae (28 individuals) and Ichneumonidae with 27 individuals. Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (H') showed that the forest fringe had the highest diversity value with H'=1.80 while the lowest was recorded in the mid forest with H'=1.43. The Evenness Index (E’) was highest at mid forest (E’=0.81) and the Margalef Richness Index (R’) value recorded the highest at forest fringe indicating a high species richness with R’=2.40. Kruskal-Wallis test reveals that the distribution of Hymenopterans from the forest fringe to the inner forest did not differ significantly with P>0.05. High similarities in microclimate variables (monsoon season, temperature, humidity, and light intensity), resources availability, forest features, hiding places, and the presence of predators are among the factors influencing the homogeneity of the composition and abundance of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island. This study is the first checklist of Hymenoptera in Tuba Island and can be utilised as a baseline dataset for further ecological research at Tuba Island. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87701534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mazumder, Md. Bahuddin Sikder, M. Islam, M. R. Haque, Sajid Hamid Talukder
In Bangladesh, the lightning during a thunderstorm has recently been officially declared as natural disaster, resulting in numerous fatalities each year, especially in the country's northeast. This study aims to look into the relationships between lightning and climatic variables, the spatial distribution of deaths, people's perceptions of the disaster's consequences and adaptation measures, and the influencing factors that make people victims in Sunamganj District. Several statistical approaches, such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Mann-Kendall Test, were used to meet the study objectives by examining time series data of climatic variables, lightning events, and household survey data. The data imply that lightning strikes have a positive and statistically significant relationship with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, and air pressure. Moreover, that lightning strikes may become more common in the future as climatic variables increase. The perceived consequences of lightning strikes include disruption of human life, injury, damage and or burning of environmental and infrastructural elements, etc. Going outside during a thunderstorm and/or remaining outside during a thunderstorm are the primary factors contributing to a tragic accident. Those who were engaged in income-generating activities during the monsoon, like agricultural operations such as Boro Rice farming and fishing, were the most vulnerable to this hazard. Therefore, several adaptation strategies, including house safety and facilitating emergency shelter; assisting victim families for recovery and rehabilitation; travelling in covered vehicles during a thunderstorm; and disseminating knowledge about proper lightning safety measures, outside movement during a thunderstorm, and first aid information for initial treatment through awareness building campaign should be implemented to reduce the number of casualties.
{"title":"Lightning in Northeast Bangladesh: Relation with climatic variables, consequences and adaptation","authors":"A. Mazumder, Md. Bahuddin Sikder, M. Islam, M. R. Haque, Sajid Hamid Talukder","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.784","url":null,"abstract":"In Bangladesh, the lightning during a thunderstorm has recently been officially declared as natural disaster, resulting in numerous fatalities each year, especially in the country's northeast. This study aims to look into the relationships between lightning and climatic variables, the spatial distribution of deaths, people's perceptions of the disaster's consequences and adaptation measures, and the influencing factors that make people victims in Sunamganj District. Several statistical approaches, such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and the Mann-Kendall Test, were used to meet the study objectives by examining time series data of climatic variables, lightning events, and household survey data. The data imply that lightning strikes have a positive and statistically significant relationship with climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, humidity, and air pressure. Moreover, that lightning strikes may become more common in the future as climatic variables increase. The perceived consequences of lightning strikes include disruption of human life, injury, damage and or burning of environmental and infrastructural elements, etc. Going outside during a thunderstorm and/or remaining outside during a thunderstorm are the primary factors contributing to a tragic accident. Those who were engaged in income-generating activities during the monsoon, like agricultural operations such as Boro Rice farming and fishing, were the most vulnerable to this hazard. Therefore, several adaptation strategies, including house safety and facilitating emergency shelter; assisting victim families for recovery and rehabilitation; travelling in covered vehicles during a thunderstorm; and disseminating knowledge about proper lightning safety measures, outside movement during a thunderstorm, and first aid information for initial treatment through awareness building campaign should be implemented to reduce the number of casualties.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78119362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Rashed N. S., Abdullah F. A., Yusoff A. M., Hasbollah H. R., Ahmad M. I., Razab M. K. A. A, Zulhisyam A.K., M. Jamaludin
Fish crackers are deep fried crackers normally made using fish and starch, and is a well known snack in South East Asia. Formulation of the fish crackers plays an important role not just in the quality of the product, but also for branding. In this study, fish formulation using tilapia and otoshimi was used which was added with sago as the starch base. A tilapia-based formulation of 1:1 with Sago showed good puffing with the highest expansion percentage at 4.21±0.66 and lowered hardness (2832.0±437.97 N/cm2) compared to the other formulations. Meanwhile, although increase expansion was associated with increase oil absorption, the 1:1 ratio of tilapia to sago had lower oil absorption percentage (4.20±0.86) compared to increasing sago in the formulation (1:1:4, Tilapia, Otoshimi, Sago which had oil absorption percentage of 6.53±3.22 %, and 1:0:2 which had oil absorption percentage of 5.50±1.37). Although the overall quality does not reflect a good quality cracker, it was interesting to note that tilapia alone with sago showed better expansion, low oil absorption and reduce hardness.
{"title":"The effect of ratio between Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) and Otoshimi on properties of sago fish crackers","authors":"Abdul Rashed N. S., Abdullah F. A., Yusoff A. M., Hasbollah H. R., Ahmad M. I., Razab M. K. A. A, Zulhisyam A.K., M. Jamaludin","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i2.786","url":null,"abstract":"Fish crackers are deep fried crackers normally made using fish and starch, and is a well known snack in South East Asia. Formulation of the fish crackers plays an important role not just in the quality of the product, but also for branding. In this study, fish formulation using tilapia and otoshimi was used which was added with sago as the starch base. A tilapia-based formulation of 1:1 with Sago showed good puffing with the highest expansion percentage at 4.21±0.66 and lowered hardness (2832.0±437.97 N/cm2) compared to the other formulations. Meanwhile, although increase expansion was associated with increase oil absorption, the 1:1 ratio of tilapia to sago had lower oil absorption percentage (4.20±0.86) compared to increasing sago in the formulation (1:1:4, Tilapia, Otoshimi, Sago which had oil absorption percentage of 6.53±3.22 %, and 1:0:2 which had oil absorption percentage of 5.50±1.37). Although the overall quality does not reflect a good quality cracker, it was interesting to note that tilapia alone with sago showed better expansion, low oil absorption and reduce hardness. \u0000","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89586556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of modified anaerobic hybrid baffled (MAHB) bioreactor treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated at various organic loading rates (OLR) of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g COD/ L.day. The bioreactor was operated continuously at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a day without effluent recycled and chemicals adjustment/addition. Throughout 70 days of operation, a maximum removal efficiency up to 97% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 98% of volatile fatty acid, biogas production of 12.51 L/day equivalent to methane (CH4) yield of 0.108L CH4/ g COD and a stable pH system between 6.6 to 7.2 were achieved. Additionally, alkalinity of the bioreactor system shows a stable profile that indicates the whole system was well buffered with a quit high degradation of volatile solid (VS) up to 18%. These results indicated that MAHB bioreactor has been successfully treated RPME at various OLR.
研究了改性厌氧混合折流板(MAHB)生物反应器在1、2、3和4 g COD/ l .d的不同有机负荷下处理造纸废水(RPME)的性能。生物反应器以1天的恒定水力停留时间(HRT)连续运行，不回收废水，不调整/添加化学品。在70天的运行过程中，达到了97%的化学需氧量(COD)和98%的挥发性脂肪酸的最高去除率，沼气产量为12.51 L/天，相当于甲烷(CH4)的产量为0.108L CH4/ g COD, pH系统稳定在6.6 ~ 7.2之间。此外，生物反应器系统的碱度显示出稳定的特征，表明整个系统得到了很好的缓冲，挥发性固体(VS)的降解率高达18%。这些结果表明，MAHB生物反应器在不同的OLR条件下成功地处理了RPME。
{"title":"Performance of Modified Anaerobic Hybrid Baffled (MAHB) bioreactor treating recycled paper mill effluent: Effects of organic loading rates","authors":"S. R. Hassan, I. Dahlan","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.720","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of modified anaerobic hybrid baffled (MAHB) bioreactor treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) was investigated at various organic loading rates (OLR) of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g COD/ L.day. The bioreactor was operated continuously at constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of a day without effluent recycled and chemicals adjustment/addition. Throughout 70 days of operation, a maximum removal efficiency up to 97% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 98% of volatile fatty acid, biogas production of 12.51 L/day equivalent to methane (CH4) yield of 0.108L CH4/ g COD and a stable pH system between 6.6 to 7.2 were achieved. Additionally, alkalinity of the bioreactor system shows a stable profile that indicates the whole system was well buffered with a quit high degradation of volatile solid (VS) up to 18%. These results indicated that MAHB bioreactor has been successfully treated RPME at various OLR.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77036245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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