Tan Shioa Wei, Boon Jia Geng, Low Hui Qi, Goh Kent Tiong, Kuek Sook Chi, Wong We Hoong
World demand for paper is increasing. Short rotation pulpwood is needed. Sesbania grandiflora also known as Turi, is a fast growing and straight log species. The scholarly information of Turi as pulpwood are still limited. This paper aims to provide information of sodium hydroxide effect on the paper made from pulp derived from Turi. Sodium hydroxide is a common chemical using as part of full stage chemical bleaching in pulp industrial. Kraft pulp that produced using Turi, was bleached with sodium hydroxide at 3%, 6% and 9% based on pulp weight, respectively. Unbleached pulp was served as blank test. The optical and mechanical properties of handsheet paper made from bleached kraft pulp were evaluated according to TAPPI standard. The brightness and opacity of handsheet made from bleached pulp were improved with increasing the concentration of sodium hydroxide. The mechanical properties of handsheet were improved with using 3% sodium hydroxide and gradually decreased after 3% sodium hydroxide. In conclusion, sodium hydroxide is potential to improve optical properties of Turi pulp and improve the mechanical properties of paper made from Turi pulp at certain level. Excessive usage of sodium hydroxide brings adverse effect to mechanical properties of paper made from Turi pulp.
{"title":"Effect of bleaching using sodium hydroxide on pulp derived from Sesbania grandiflora","authors":"Tan Shioa Wei, Boon Jia Geng, Low Hui Qi, Goh Kent Tiong, Kuek Sook Chi, Wong We Hoong","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.718","url":null,"abstract":"World demand for paper is increasing. Short rotation pulpwood is needed. Sesbania grandiflora also known as Turi, is a fast growing and straight log species. The scholarly information of Turi as pulpwood are still limited. This paper aims to provide information of sodium hydroxide effect on the paper made from pulp derived from Turi. Sodium hydroxide is a common chemical using as part of full stage chemical bleaching in pulp industrial. Kraft pulp that produced using Turi, was bleached with sodium hydroxide at 3%, 6% and 9% based on pulp weight, respectively. Unbleached pulp was served as blank test. The optical and mechanical properties of handsheet paper made from bleached kraft pulp were evaluated according to TAPPI standard. The brightness and opacity of handsheet made from bleached pulp were improved with increasing the concentration of sodium hydroxide. The mechanical properties of handsheet were improved with using 3% sodium hydroxide and gradually decreased after 3% sodium hydroxide. In conclusion, sodium hydroxide is potential to improve optical properties of Turi pulp and improve the mechanical properties of paper made from Turi pulp at certain level. Excessive usage of sodium hydroxide brings adverse effect to mechanical properties of paper made from Turi pulp.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76702709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Nor, Lukman H B Ismail, S. N. H. Mohammad Azmin, I. H. Abdul Halim
Phoenic dactylifera (date) is a species of flowering plants in the family of Arecaceae. Date seeds are considered as a waste from many processing that produced plants pitted date, confectionery date syrup and date itself. Currently, the seeds are used mainly for animal feed in the cattle and chicken industry. In 2004, about 863,000 tonnes of date seeds are produced out of 6.9 million tonnes date. Tenderness is the major concern that affecting consumer acceptance of beef in meat industry. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the bioactive compound extracted from date seed as a tenderizing agent in meat. Extraction of date seeds used a different method of extraction (Soxhlet and Maceration). The application of extracted on knuckle part of beef were performed and papain was used as a positive control and followed by the sensory evaluation. The analysis of cooked meat was performed in order to analyze the physico-chemical properties of date seeds extract. The result from the study revealed that the aqueous extract (maceration techniques) gave the best percentage of the total yield recovery with 28.44%. The physico-chemical properties of cooked meat showed the reducing of pH value after cooking. Meanwhile for the cooking yield, result showed that almost 86% of water losses during cooking for aqueous extract and positive control and 96% for negative control. According to the sensory evaluation of the cooked meat, scoring test and hedonic test were performed using One Way Anova. The result for texture is 6.10±2.1, juiceness is 5.87±1.76 and taste is 6.80±1.34. All attributes have no significant different at p <0.05 between aqueos extract, and positive control. A general acceptance shows that no significant different between aqueos extract (6.50±2.0) and positive control (7.13±1.98). The result suggested that the tenderization effect of date seed improved the textural properties of knuckle part meat and have potential for tenderization purpose in food industry.
{"title":"Evaluation of tendering effect from date seed extract (P. dactalytera) in knuckle part meat","authors":"M. M. Nor, Lukman H B Ismail, S. N. H. Mohammad Azmin, I. H. Abdul Halim","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.722","url":null,"abstract":"Phoenic dactylifera (date) is a species of flowering plants in the family of Arecaceae. Date seeds are considered as a waste from many processing that produced plants pitted date, confectionery date syrup and date itself. Currently, the seeds are used mainly for animal feed in the cattle and chicken industry. In 2004, about 863,000 tonnes of date seeds are produced out of 6.9 million tonnes date. Tenderness is the major concern that affecting consumer acceptance of beef in meat industry. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the bioactive compound extracted from date seed as a tenderizing agent in meat. Extraction of date seeds used a different method of extraction (Soxhlet and Maceration). The application of extracted on knuckle part of beef were performed and papain was used as a positive control and followed by the sensory evaluation. The analysis of cooked meat was performed in order to analyze the physico-chemical properties of date seeds extract. The result from the study revealed that the aqueous extract (maceration techniques) gave the best percentage of the total yield recovery with 28.44%. The physico-chemical properties of cooked meat showed the reducing of pH value after cooking. Meanwhile for the cooking yield, result showed that almost 86% of water losses during cooking for aqueous extract and positive control and 96% for negative control. According to the sensory evaluation of the cooked meat, scoring test and hedonic test were performed using One Way Anova. The result for texture is 6.10±2.1, juiceness is 5.87±1.76 and taste is 6.80±1.34. All attributes have no significant different at p <0.05 between aqueos extract, and positive control. A general acceptance shows that no significant different between aqueos extract (6.50±2.0) and positive control (7.13±1.98). The result suggested that the tenderization effect of date seed improved the textural properties of knuckle part meat and have potential for tenderization purpose in food industry.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82555640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nickel oxide (NiO) belongs to the transition metal oxide family, having good dielectric constantwith the range of 103 – 105, but it has high dielectric loss. In this research, the effect of titaniumdioxide (TiO2) addition into NiO was investigated. Generally, TiO2 was used in the application ofelectrical ceramic, catalysts, electric conductors and chemical intermediates. Ni1-xTixO1+x wasprepared via solid-state reaction method with 6 different TiO2 compositions. The preparation startedwith the powder mixing process for 24 hours and followed by calcination process at 950 °C for 4hours. Then, the calcined powders were compacted into 6 mm pellet shape under pressure of 250MPa pressure. Three pellets were made for each TiO2 composition. Those pellets were sintered at1250 °C for 5 hours. XRD results showed that pure NiO at 0.01 and 0.02 mole % of TiO2compositions produced single NiO crystalline phase, while 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mol % of TiO2showed the TiO2, instead of NiO phases. SEM analysis showed that increasing TiO2 concentrationmake the grain size increase, with 0.02 mole % of TiO2 gave the largest grain size, shows that 0.02mole % is the optimum TiO2 concentration for grain size enlargement. Furthermore, the bulkdensity of Ni1xTixO1+xpellet was reduces at higher TiO2 concentration. In dielectric test, the additionof 0.03 mole % of TiO2 gave the highest dielectric constant with value of 4.51 x 1014 and 0.05 mole% of TiO2 gives the result of lowest dielectric loss (0.53).
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide doped nickel oxide dielectric materials","authors":"Nurul Ainon Bakar, M. A. Sulaiman, J. J. Mohamed","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.724","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel oxide (NiO) belongs to the transition metal oxide family, having good dielectric constantwith the range of 103 – 105, but it has high dielectric loss. In this research, the effect of titaniumdioxide (TiO2) addition into NiO was investigated. Generally, TiO2 was used in the application ofelectrical ceramic, catalysts, electric conductors and chemical intermediates. Ni1-xTixO1+x wasprepared via solid-state reaction method with 6 different TiO2 compositions. The preparation startedwith the powder mixing process for 24 hours and followed by calcination process at 950 °C for 4hours. Then, the calcined powders were compacted into 6 mm pellet shape under pressure of 250MPa pressure. Three pellets were made for each TiO2 composition. Those pellets were sintered at1250 °C for 5 hours. XRD results showed that pure NiO at 0.01 and 0.02 mole % of TiO2compositions produced single NiO crystalline phase, while 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mol % of TiO2showed the TiO2, instead of NiO phases. SEM analysis showed that increasing TiO2 concentrationmake the grain size increase, with 0.02 mole % of TiO2 gave the largest grain size, shows that 0.02mole % is the optimum TiO2 concentration for grain size enlargement. Furthermore, the bulkdensity of Ni1xTixO1+xpellet was reduces at higher TiO2 concentration. In dielectric test, the additionof 0.03 mole % of TiO2 gave the highest dielectric constant with value of 4.51 x 1014 and 0.05 mole% of TiO2 gives the result of lowest dielectric loss (0.53).","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90501571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research is aimed to assess the surface and groundwater quality in Otukpo area and environs, Benue State, North Eastern Nigeria. Sixteen water samples were collected from 7 boreholes, 7 hand duck wells and 2 rivers. The water samples were analysed chemically and bacteriologically using spectrophotometric, titrimetric and membrane filtration methods. Analytical results indicated that the groundwater in the area is acidic, fresh and moderately hard. The order of abundance of the cations were in Na+SO42-
{"title":"Water quality index and hydrogeochemistry of Otukpo area, Benue State, North Central Nigeria","authors":"B. Ankidawa, Ujah Linus Sunday, I. Vanke","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v6i1.719","url":null,"abstract":"The research is aimed to assess the surface and groundwater quality in Otukpo area and environs, Benue State, North Eastern Nigeria. Sixteen water samples were collected from 7 boreholes, 7 hand duck wells and 2 rivers. The water samples were analysed chemically and bacteriologically using spectrophotometric, titrimetric and membrane filtration methods. Analytical results indicated that the groundwater in the area is acidic, fresh and moderately hard. The order of abundance of the cations were in Na+<K+<Mg2+<Ca2+ while the anions were in the order of Cl-<HCO3->SO42-<NO3-. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified four factors that accounts for 69.73% of the total variance. Correlation analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed pollution from application of agricultural fertilizers, anthropogenic contamination and rock-water interaction as the major processes responsible for the modification of surface and groundwater chemistry of the research area. The Gibbs diagram plot shows that, the sample points fall under rock dominance and weathering zones, which suggested precipitation, induced chemical weathering with the dissolution of rock-forming minerals. The piper diagram classified groundwater samples as Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type. Water Quality Index (WQI) values range from 22.05 to 56.13 which indicated good and excellent water category. The SAR values range from 0.02 to 0.66 the values belong to the excellent category and is suitable for irrigation. The overall result revealed that, the water in the research area is suitable for domestic, industrial and irrigation activities.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80614025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endophytic fungi isolated from different plant parts including leaf, stem and rhizome of Curcuma mangga were screened for antimicrobial activity by employing agar plug diffusion assay and disc diffusion assay for primary screening and secondary screening, respectively. A total of 127 endophytic fungi that were successfully isolated from various plant parts were cultured to examine their antimicrobial activities. Qualitative screening using agar plug diffusion assay revealed that 118 isolates (92.9%) showed antimicrobial activity against at least on one test microorganisms and suggested that the rhizome part exhibited the highest percentage of antiyeast (58.3%) and antifungal (91.7%) activities compared to leaf and stem parts. Quantitative screening using disc diffusion assay indicated that ethyl acetate extract from fermentative broth (extracellular compound) demonstrated better antimicrobial activity compared to methanol extract derived from fungal biomass (intracellular compound) against all the four classes of pathogenic microorganisms tested (Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi). The future of endophytic fungus study is very promising as it possesses hidden potential to be developed as natural antimicrobial agent.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from different plant parts of Curcuma mangga Valeton and Zijp","authors":"Kharul Azmi Muazzam Abdul Rahman, D. Ibrahim","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i1.707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i1.707","url":null,"abstract":"The endophytic fungi isolated from different plant parts including leaf, stem and rhizome of Curcuma mangga were screened for antimicrobial activity by employing agar plug diffusion assay and disc diffusion assay for primary screening and secondary screening, respectively. A total of 127 endophytic fungi that were successfully isolated from various plant parts were cultured to examine their antimicrobial activities. Qualitative screening using agar plug diffusion assay revealed that 118 isolates (92.9%) showed antimicrobial activity against at least on one test microorganisms and suggested that the rhizome part exhibited the highest percentage of antiyeast (58.3%) and antifungal (91.7%) activities compared to leaf and stem parts. Quantitative screening using disc diffusion assay indicated that ethyl acetate extract from fermentative broth (extracellular compound) demonstrated better antimicrobial activity compared to methanol extract derived from fungal biomass (intracellular compound) against all the four classes of pathogenic microorganisms tested (Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi). The future of endophytic fungus study is very promising as it possesses hidden potential to be developed as natural antimicrobial agent.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The postpartum ovarian cyclicity which is associated with uterine involution has significant importance in fertility of sheep. The study was conducted to estimate the postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Lohi sheep during winter lambing season. Twelve pregnant ewes were selected. The commencement of ovarian cyclicity was investigated in postpartum ewes by estimating progesterone (P4) concentration in blood samples collected on weekly intervals starting from day of parturition till 12th week of postpartum. On the day of parturition, mean P4 concentration was 0.38 ± 0.08 ng / mL. After that, P4 level raised to 0.70 ± 0.13 and 0.83 ± 0.13 ng / mL during 1st and 2nd weeks respectively. During 3rd week, P4 concentration was 1.02 ± 0.18 ng / mL (ovulation). The peak P4 level during first estrous cycle was 3.02 ± 0.8 ng / mL and detected on 5th week. Second ovulation was observed during 6th week and again peak P4 concentration of 2nd cycle was found as 2.5 ± 0.64 ng / mL on 7th week. Based upon the hormonal profile, it was concluded that postpartum ovarian cyclicity resumed on 3rd week of postpartum in winter lambed Lohi sheep.
产后卵巢周期与子宫复旧有关，对绵羊的生育具有重要意义。本研究旨在探讨洛喜羊在冬产期产后卵巢周期的恢复情况。选取了12只怀孕母羊。通过测定产后母羊从分娩当天至产后第12周每周采集的血液样本中黄体酮(P4)浓度，研究了产后母羊卵巢周期的开始。分娩当天P4平均浓度为0.38±0.08 ng / mL，分娩后第1周和第2周P4浓度分别升高至0.70±0.13和0.83±0.13 ng / mL。第3周P4浓度为1.02±0.18 ng / mL(排卵)。第1发情周期P4峰值为3.02±0.8 ng / mL，于第5周检测到。第6周出现第二次排卵，第7周P4浓度再次达到峰值2.5±0.64 ng / mL。综合激素指标，得出冬羔Lohi羊产后第3周恢复产后卵巢周期的结论。
{"title":"Resumption of postpartum ovarian cyclicity in winter-lambing Lohi sheep (Ovis aries)","authors":"S. Muhammad, R. Kausar, M. Hussain","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v9i1.704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v9i1.704","url":null,"abstract":"The postpartum ovarian cyclicity which is associated with uterine involution has significant importance in fertility of sheep. The study was conducted to estimate the postpartum resumption of ovarian cyclicity in Lohi sheep during winter lambing season. Twelve pregnant ewes were selected. The commencement of ovarian cyclicity was investigated in postpartum ewes by estimating progesterone (P4) concentration in blood samples collected on weekly intervals starting from day of parturition till 12th week of postpartum. On the day of parturition, mean P4 concentration was 0.38 ± 0.08 ng / mL. After that, P4 level raised to 0.70 ± 0.13 and 0.83 ± 0.13 ng / mL during 1st and 2nd weeks respectively. During 3rd week, P4 concentration was 1.02 ± 0.18 ng / mL (ovulation). The peak P4 level during first estrous cycle was 3.02 ± 0.8 ng / mL and detected on 5th week. Second ovulation was observed during 6th week and again peak P4 concentration of 2nd cycle was found as 2.5 ± 0.64 ng / mL on 7th week. Based upon the hormonal profile, it was concluded that postpartum ovarian cyclicity resumed on 3rd week of postpartum in winter lambed Lohi sheep.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77946912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Arlina, Y. Karim, S. Chen, S. A. Halim, M. M. Kechik
The aim of this research was synthesize YBa2Cu3O? (YBCO) and to study the effect of Al2O3 additions at x= 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.50 and 3.50 wt.%. The samples were investigated through Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). All samples prepared by solid state reaction method with calcination process at 900°C and sintering process at 950°C. The TGA analysis indicated weight loss was complete at 910°C. XRD patterns showed the orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a=3.821 Å, b= 3.880 Å and c= 11.663 Å, respectively. The Al2O3 added samples did not show any new peak however the sharpness and broadening peaks was changed. The crystallite sizes of the samples were calculated from the width of the selected peak and half maximum. The size is slowly increased by increasing the Al2O3 addition. These result indicated that addition does not affect on the structure but the crystallite sizes increase affect the morphology images
{"title":"Synthesis and Effect of Al2O3 Added in Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide YBa2Cu3O? by Solid State Reaction Method","authors":"A. Arlina, Y. Karim, S. Chen, S. A. Halim, M. M. Kechik","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V4I2.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V4I2.609","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was synthesize YBa2Cu3O? (YBCO) and to study the effect of Al2O3 additions at x= 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.50 and 3.50 wt.%. The samples were investigated through Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). All samples prepared by solid state reaction method with calcination process at 900°C and sintering process at 950°C. The TGA analysis indicated weight loss was complete at 910°C. XRD patterns showed the orthorhombic structure with lattice parameters a=3.821 Å, b= 3.880 Å and c= 11.663 Å, respectively. The Al2O3 added samples did not show any new peak however the sharpness and broadening peaks was changed. The crystallite sizes of the samples were calculated from the width of the selected peak and half maximum. The size is slowly increased by increasing the Al2O3 addition. These result indicated that addition does not affect on the structure but the crystallite sizes increase affect the morphology images","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85778485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Hazmira Merous, Rohana Abd Rahman, N. Mohamed, Ismariah Ahmad, L. Hui, M. S. Othman
Rubberwood sawntimber has become one of the major contributors to the Malaysian furniture export and economic growth in the past two decades as its demand from wooden furniture manufacturing has increased tremendously. Factors affecting availability and consumption of rubberwood sawntimber are identified through the multiple regression models. The results of the regression analyses have been statistically diagnosed and modified to generate the best models. Availability of rubberwood sawntimber is influenced by replanted area, price of rubberwood log, latex price and previous production of rubberwood sawntimber. Consumption of rubberwood sawntimber is influenced by national income and prices of other light hardwood species that are mainly consumed by sawmills, i.e. Dark Red Meranti and Red Meranti. The findings could be used as a guideline for the policy maker to develop strategies for further strengthens the wood based industry as a whole.
{"title":"Factor Determinants on Availability and Consumption of Rubberwood in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Noor Hazmira Merous, Rohana Abd Rahman, N. Mohamed, Ismariah Ahmad, L. Hui, M. S. Othman","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.556","url":null,"abstract":"Rubberwood sawntimber has become one of the major contributors to the Malaysian furniture export and economic growth in the past two decades as its demand from wooden furniture manufacturing has increased tremendously. Factors affecting availability and consumption of rubberwood sawntimber are identified through the multiple regression models. The results of the regression analyses have been statistically diagnosed and modified to generate the best models. Availability of rubberwood sawntimber is influenced by replanted area, price of rubberwood log, latex price and previous production of rubberwood sawntimber. Consumption of rubberwood sawntimber is influenced by national income and prices of other light hardwood species that are mainly consumed by sawmills, i.e. Dark Red Meranti and Red Meranti. The findings could be used as a guideline for the policy maker to develop strategies for further strengthens the wood based industry as a whole.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73339682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. N. Jimat, N. Talha, N. Husin, A. S. Azmi, R. Raus
The aim of this study was to screen few fungal isolates from local cocoa pod husks (CPH) which able to secrete cellulases. The isolates were plated on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates which then incubated for two days at 28ºC. Then, these plates were stained with congo red dye for 0.5-1 h followed by destaining with 1 M NaCl solution for 15-20 minutes to observe its cellulolytic activity. One isolates which exposed the largest cellulolytic zone on CMC agar plate was selected for further study. In this study, culture conditions with respect to pH, incubation time, amount of substrate (CPH) and temperature were screened using Design expert @version 8.0 by employing two-level factorial design. The selected fungus isolate was cultured in shake flask at 37°C with agitation of 200 rpm for 5 days in incubator shaker. During fermentation period, samples were collected every day for fungal-cellulases activity of filter paper activity (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of this study showed that the most significant parameters that affects the production of cellulases from the selected fungi isolates were the amount of substrate (CPH) used followed by the interaction of amount of substrate with pH (p< 0.05). It showed that the cellulases activity was high when the pH 9 with more amount of substrate used. However, it was observed that less significant changes of celllulases activity when different amount of substrate was used at same pH of 3. Based on the microscopic observation of isolate, it morphology was closed to Rhizopus sp.. In conclusion, it is suggested to optimize the selected culture parameters obtained in this study in order to maximize the activity of cellulases from the selected isolates.
本研究的目的是从当地可可豆荚壳(CPH)中筛选少数能够分泌纤维素酶的真菌分离株。将分离物置于羧甲基纤维素(CMC)琼脂板上，28℃孵育2天。然后用刚果红染色0.5-1 h，再用1 M NaCl溶液染色15-20分钟，观察其纤维素水解活性。选择CMC琼脂平板上纤维素裂解区最大的一株分离菌进行进一步研究。本研究采用双水平析因设计，采用Design expert @ 8.0筛选pH、孵育时间、底物量(CPH)和温度等培养条件。选择的真菌分离物在摇瓶中，37℃，200转/分搅拌5天。发酵期间，每天采集样品检测滤纸酶(FPase)和羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)活性。方差分析(ANOVA)表明，对所选真菌产纤维素酶影响最大的参数是底物用量(CPH)，其次是底物用量与pH的交互作用(p< 0.05)。结果表明，当pH为9时，底物用量越大，纤维素酶活性越高。然而，在相同pH为3的条件下，不同底物用量对纤维素酶活性的影响不明显。经显微观察，其形态与根霉属相近。综上所述，建议对所选的培养参数进行优化，以使所选菌株的纤维素酶活性最大化。
{"title":"Screening Cellulolytic Fungi Isolated From Malaysia Cocoa Pod Husk and Its Culture Conditions for Cellulases Production","authors":"D. N. Jimat, N. Talha, N. Husin, A. S. Azmi, R. Raus","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.555","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to screen few fungal isolates from local cocoa pod husks (CPH) which able to secrete cellulases. The isolates were plated on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates which then incubated for two days at 28ºC. Then, these plates were stained with congo red dye for 0.5-1 h followed by destaining with 1 M NaCl solution for 15-20 minutes to observe its cellulolytic activity. One isolates which exposed the largest cellulolytic zone on CMC agar plate was selected for further study. In this study, culture conditions with respect to pH, incubation time, amount of substrate (CPH) and temperature were screened using Design expert @version 8.0 by employing two-level factorial design. The selected fungus isolate was cultured in shake flask at 37°C with agitation of 200 rpm for 5 days in incubator shaker. During fermentation period, samples were collected every day for fungal-cellulases activity of filter paper activity (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of this study showed that the most significant parameters that affects the production of cellulases from the selected fungi isolates were the amount of substrate (CPH) used followed by the interaction of amount of substrate with pH (p< 0.05). It showed that the cellulases activity was high when the pH 9 with more amount of substrate used. However, it was observed that less significant changes of celllulases activity when different amount of substrate was used at same pH of 3. Based on the microscopic observation of isolate, it morphology was closed to Rhizopus sp.. In conclusion, it is suggested to optimize the selected culture parameters obtained in this study in order to maximize the activity of cellulases from the selected isolates.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83578620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yahya, N. Hassan, Nazirah Abdullah, S. A. S. Rahman, Haliza Ismail, M. Abdullah, Farah Fazwa Md Ariff, M. Ngah, Rosdi Koter, R. Khalid, R. Abdullah, Norfarhana Zakaria, Norhidayah Zakaria
Eurycoma longifolia is one of the famous herbal plants with great medicinal benefits. The plant which also known as Tongkat Ali is well-known for treating erectile dysfunction and as energy booster. Tongkat Ali plantlets were produced using in vitro propagation technique to cater the demand for planting material. The development of successful acclimatization technique is prerequisite for in vitro propagation method. Acclimatization is a step to prepare the plantlets to survive and grow in different environment compare to laboratory. In this study, an attempt was made to identify the best potting media to acclimatize Tongkat Ali using glass chamber. Rooted plantlets about 2-4 cm height were used and subsequently transferred to different potting media for acclimatization i.e jiffy 7, sand, baked soil, mixture of cocoa peat and sand, sand and top soil and lastly cocoa peat and baked soil. Plantlets grown in jiffy 7 showed 100% survival followed by the mixture of cocoa peat and baked soil with 94.45% of survival. The acclimatized plantlets were transplanted into polybag and maintained in the shadehouse condition.
{"title":"Acclimatization of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) Plantlets to Ex Vitro Conditions","authors":"M. Yahya, N. Hassan, Nazirah Abdullah, S. A. S. Rahman, Haliza Ismail, M. Abdullah, Farah Fazwa Md Ariff, M. Ngah, Rosdi Koter, R. Khalid, R. Abdullah, Norfarhana Zakaria, Norhidayah Zakaria","doi":"10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/JTRSS.V3I1.543","url":null,"abstract":"Eurycoma longifolia is one of the famous herbal plants with great medicinal benefits. The plant which also known as Tongkat Ali is well-known for treating erectile dysfunction and as energy booster. Tongkat Ali plantlets were produced using in vitro propagation technique to cater the demand for planting material. The development of successful acclimatization technique is prerequisite for in vitro propagation method. Acclimatization is a step to prepare the plantlets to survive and grow in different environment compare to laboratory. In this study, an attempt was made to identify the best potting media to acclimatize Tongkat Ali using glass chamber. Rooted plantlets about 2-4 cm height were used and subsequently transferred to different potting media for acclimatization i.e jiffy 7, sand, baked soil, mixture of cocoa peat and sand, sand and top soil and lastly cocoa peat and baked soil. Plantlets grown in jiffy 7 showed 100% survival followed by the mixture of cocoa peat and baked soil with 94.45% of survival. The acclimatized plantlets were transplanted into polybag and maintained in the shadehouse condition.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75988785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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