Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1242
Nurhayati Yusof, Nur Alia Safaraz Zulkifli, Tengku Farizan Izzi Che Ku Jusoh
Shrimp paste is a popular traditional fermented seafood product and is used in cooking as a food seasoning. The unique taste and aromatic compounds of shrimp paste are made from the degradation of shrimp protein by salt-tolerant microorganisms. This study aims to compare the physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity content among different brands of shrimp paste at the local market. Four different samples of shrimp paste were labelled as SP1, SP2, SP3 and SP4. Sample SP1 showed the highest protein content (35.22 %) while sample SP4 contained the lowest protein (18.34 %). Sample SP4 showed significantly the highest moisture and ash content which were 39.25 % and 57.46 % respectively. The highest titratable acidity for sample SP4 (1.63 %) was significant in with accordance of high salinity content in shrimp paste. Sample SP1 was significantly higher (p
{"title":"Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of commercial shrimp paste in Besut market","authors":"Nurhayati Yusof, Nur Alia Safaraz Zulkifli, Tengku Farizan Izzi Che Ku Jusoh","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1242","url":null,"abstract":"Shrimp paste is a popular traditional fermented seafood product and is used in cooking as a food seasoning. The unique taste and aromatic compounds of shrimp paste are made from the degradation of shrimp protein by salt-tolerant microorganisms. This study aims to compare the physicochemical composition and antioxidant activity content among different brands of shrimp paste at the local market. Four different samples of shrimp paste were labelled as SP1, SP2, SP3 and SP4. Sample SP1 showed the highest protein content (35.22 %) while sample SP4 contained the lowest protein (18.34 %). Sample SP4 showed significantly the highest moisture and ash content which were 39.25 % and 57.46 % respectively. The highest titratable acidity for sample SP4 (1.63 %) was significant in with accordance of high salinity content in shrimp paste. Sample SP1 was significantly higher (p","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1237
Suhaila Ab Hamid, Afifah Haron, Nor Amalina, Izrena Othman, Dr. Suhaila Ab Hamid
Snails have some preferences in the way they choose to inhabit and multiply in certain areas. Therefore, a study was conducted to study the microhabitats that influence snail diversity. A total of nine species of 581 snails were collected and examined comprising both terrestrial and freshwater species. The number of snails found in each habitat was significantly different across all locations except for the habitat of the living plant. The water that exists in the sampling areas was examined and only water pH was found to have a positive relationship with the number of snails, (r=0.573, P
{"title":"Snails (Mollusca) diversity and its distribution in various type of microhabitats","authors":"Suhaila Ab Hamid, Afifah Haron, Nor Amalina, Izrena Othman, Dr. Suhaila Ab Hamid","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1237","url":null,"abstract":"Snails have some preferences in the way they choose to inhabit and multiply in certain areas. Therefore, a study was conducted to study the microhabitats that influence snail diversity. A total of nine species of 581 snails were collected and examined comprising both terrestrial and freshwater species. The number of snails found in each habitat was significantly different across all locations except for the habitat of the living plant. The water that exists in the sampling areas was examined and only water pH was found to have a positive relationship with the number of snails, (r=0.573, P","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1243
O. J. Walter, O. Adekanmbi, T. Onuminya, J. D. Olowokudejo, Mr. Okwong, John Walter
The Lagos-Shagamu-Abeokuta Expressway is a globally important biodiversity hotspot and is facing rapid loss in floristic diversity and changing patterns of vegetation due to various biotic and abiotic factors. This has necessitated the qualitative and quantitative assessment of floral diversity and population structure. The vegetation survey along this route was conducted using the systematic sampling methods. Three sample plots of 50 m x 50 m were laid in alternate side at 100m interval. In each sample plot, all living trees (with GBH at 1.3 m of trees) greater than or equal to 3 m high at midpoint were measured. A total of 4212 individuals representing 134 species, 117 genera, and 48 families were recorded. Fabaceae was the dominant family in this route with 22 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae (8 species), Apocynaceae (8 species), and Poaceae (5 species). Among genera, Senna was followed by Ficus, Terminalia, Cola, Clerodendrum, Albizia, and Alchornea. The population structure of woody species based on diameter class distribution reflected reversed J-shape. The species diversity indexes for dominance (0.02, 0.06), Simpson index value (0.97, 0.93), Shannon–Weiner (3.91, 3.25), evenness (0.59, 0.52) and Margalef (11.22, 6.15) were recorded for arboreal and non-arboreal species respectively. Results obtained revealed high diversity of woody species in the vegetation along this route. The non-arboreal species along this route is threatened by continuous animal grazing, intensification of commercialized farming and invasive species. The information on tree species structure and function can provide baseline information for the conservation of the biodiversity of the tropical forest in this area.
{"title":"Assessment of flora diversity and population structure in Lagos-Sagamu-Abeokuta Expressway, Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"O. J. Walter, O. Adekanmbi, T. Onuminya, J. D. Olowokudejo, Mr. Okwong, John Walter","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1243","url":null,"abstract":"The Lagos-Shagamu-Abeokuta Expressway is a globally important biodiversity hotspot and is facing rapid loss in floristic diversity and changing patterns of vegetation due to various biotic and abiotic factors. This has necessitated the qualitative and quantitative assessment of floral diversity and population structure. The vegetation survey along this route was conducted using the systematic sampling methods. Three sample plots of 50 m x 50 m were laid in alternate side at 100m interval. In each sample plot, all living trees (with GBH at 1.3 m of trees) greater than or equal to 3 m high at midpoint were measured. A total of 4212 individuals representing 134 species, 117 genera, and 48 families were recorded. Fabaceae was the dominant family in this route with 22 species, followed by Euphorbiaceae (8 species), Apocynaceae (8 species), and Poaceae (5 species). Among genera, Senna was followed by Ficus, Terminalia, Cola, Clerodendrum, Albizia, and Alchornea. The population structure of woody species based on diameter class distribution reflected reversed J-shape. The species diversity indexes for dominance (0.02, 0.06), Simpson index value (0.97, 0.93), Shannon–Weiner (3.91, 3.25), evenness (0.59, 0.52) and Margalef (11.22, 6.15) were recorded for arboreal and non-arboreal species respectively. Results obtained revealed high diversity of woody species in the vegetation along this route. The non-arboreal species along this route is threatened by continuous animal grazing, intensification of commercialized farming and invasive species. The information on tree species structure and function can provide baseline information for the conservation of the biodiversity of the tropical forest in this area.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1238
Nurulaini Raimy, Ho Hung Wui, Abdul Sukor Shaharudin, Rohayu Mohd. Nasir, Lily Rozita, Md. Hakin, Norliza Wahab, Rohaiza Yahaya
Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is caused by Pasteurella multocida serotypes B: 2, a Gram-negative coccobacilli bacterium. It causes fatal septicaemia with high mortality in cattle and buffaloes. Disease control and prevention are by effective HS vaccination in animals. A study was conducted on one mixed breed cattle calf for back passage of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) seed strain C82. Prior to bacterial inoculation in the calf, Mouse Protection Test (MPT) was conducted to ensure the calf is free from any HS antibody. The calf was injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml dilutions of 10-3 of the bacteria incubated overnight (approximately 106 CFU/ml). After ±30 hours inoculation, post-mortem was conducted on the calf showing sign of HS. Heart blood and organ samples were collected and cultured on blood agar to determine bacteria purity. Blood and organ samples were also sent to the bacteriology laboratory in VRI for confirmatory tests. The death of the calf is confirmed by re-isolation of Pasteurella multocida Type B. Heart blood collected was processed, freeze-dried and keep as vaccine seed for further usage in vaccine production. Revival of vaccine seed is needed to ensure its pathogenicity and functionality for production purposes.
{"title":"Back passage of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) vaccine seed C82 in cattle calf","authors":"Nurulaini Raimy, Ho Hung Wui, Abdul Sukor Shaharudin, Rohayu Mohd. Nasir, Lily Rozita, Md. Hakin, Norliza Wahab, Rohaiza Yahaya","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1238","url":null,"abstract":"Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is caused by Pasteurella multocida serotypes B: 2, a Gram-negative coccobacilli bacterium. It causes fatal septicaemia with high mortality in cattle and buffaloes. Disease control and prevention are by effective HS vaccination in animals. A study was conducted on one mixed breed cattle calf for back passage of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) seed strain C82. Prior to bacterial inoculation in the calf, Mouse Protection Test (MPT) was conducted to ensure the calf is free from any HS antibody. The calf was injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml dilutions of 10-3 of the bacteria incubated overnight (approximately 106 CFU/ml). After ±30 hours inoculation, post-mortem was conducted on the calf showing sign of HS. Heart blood and organ samples were collected and cultured on blood agar to determine bacteria purity. Blood and organ samples were also sent to the bacteriology laboratory in VRI for confirmatory tests. The death of the calf is confirmed by re-isolation of Pasteurella multocida Type B. Heart blood collected was processed, freeze-dried and keep as vaccine seed for further usage in vaccine production. Revival of vaccine seed is needed to ensure its pathogenicity and functionality for production purposes.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1231
Razifah Mohd Razali, Afaf Atikah Salmizi
Beach ridges with interspersed swales (BRIS), commonly referred to as BRIS soil or sandy soil, are extensively distributed along the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Despite the challenging nature of the lowland agricultural soil, characterised by its sandy texture and sterility, agricultural activities on BRIS soils have experienced an upward trend in recent times. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the challenges and possibilities of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) growth in the BRIS soil environment. Soil concerns can be classified into three categories: physical, chemical, and biological. The soil in BRIS is characterised by its acidic nature and low CEC values, with sand content occasionally reaching as high as 95 percent. Significant challenges associated with sandy soil conditions encompass soil water repellency (SWR), soil compaction, surface crust formation, soil erosion, low fertility, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) value, as well as nutrient leaching into the groundwater, leading to pollution. The roselle plant is currently being commercially cultivated in the state of Terengganu as a substitute for tobacco in BRIS soil. This is due to the plant's exceptional aeration and deep root zone. However, owing to its diminished fertility, its output is restricted. This book concentrates on the challenges related to BRIS soil and environmental concerns, including issues such as inadequate nutrient levels, weak soil structure, and excessive drainage. This review comprehensively elucidates the management strategies for sandy soil in the context of agricultural operations and evolving climatic conditions, thereby contributing to the advancement of research on the prospective cultivation of roselle.
{"title":"Improving the BRIS Soil management and practices for growing roselle (Hibiscus sabradiffa L.)","authors":"Razifah Mohd Razali, Afaf Atikah Salmizi","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1231","url":null,"abstract":"Beach ridges with interspersed swales (BRIS), commonly referred to as BRIS soil or sandy soil, are extensively distributed along the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Despite the challenging nature of the lowland agricultural soil, characterised by its sandy texture and sterility, agricultural activities on BRIS soils have experienced an upward trend in recent times. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review on the challenges and possibilities of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) growth in the BRIS soil environment. Soil concerns can be classified into three categories: physical, chemical, and biological. The soil in BRIS is characterised by its acidic nature and low CEC values, with sand content occasionally reaching as high as 95 percent. Significant challenges associated with sandy soil conditions encompass soil water repellency (SWR), soil compaction, surface crust formation, soil erosion, low fertility, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) value, as well as nutrient leaching into the groundwater, leading to pollution. The roselle plant is currently being commercially cultivated in the state of Terengganu as a substitute for tobacco in BRIS soil. This is due to the plant's exceptional aeration and deep root zone. However, owing to its diminished fertility, its output is restricted. This book concentrates on the challenges related to BRIS soil and environmental concerns, including issues such as inadequate nutrient levels, weak soil structure, and excessive drainage. This review comprehensively elucidates the management strategies for sandy soil in the context of agricultural operations and evolving climatic conditions, thereby contributing to the advancement of research on the prospective cultivation of roselle.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1244
Norizatulshima Ibrahim, Jasmin Arif Shah, Salim Hassan
Work performance refers to the outcome or behaviour exhibited by extension agents (EA) to perform certain job activities over a specific period. Using Transfer of Technology (ToT) and Human Resources Development (HRD) competencies, the work performance (WP) of EAs was assessed. This research aimed to determine which skills, contribute the most towards WP of EAs perceived by productive cocoa farmers (PCF) in Malaysia and determine the most performed EA between areas. This study derived from the Iceberg Model of competencies and employed quantitative methods with a well-structured questionnaire. A sample of 353 and 315 PCFs, for the Peninsular and East Malaysia, respectively, who have attended two training programs exposed by EA and have cultivated cocoa for five to seven years. The respondents were chosen through a multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used. The results revealed that social, leadership, technical, and decision-making support skills from Peninsular Malaysia have significantly contributed to the WP. Social skill is the factor that contributes the most to the WP of EA in Peninsular Malaysia. For East Malaysia, only three skills, namely, decision-making support, technical, and leadership skills contributed to WP significantly. Decision-making support skill is the highest contributing skill to WP of EA in East Malaysia. Then, the EA in Peninsular Malaysia performed better than Eastern Malaysia because the R2 value for Peninsular Malaysia is greater than the of Eastern Malaysia, which is 0.637 and 0.521, respectively. In conclusion, MCB agency may focus on relevant skills by area to improve the WP of their EA.
工作绩效是指推广人员（EA）在特定时期内开展某些工作活动时表现出的结果或行为。利用技术转让（ToT）和人力资源开发（HRD）能力，对推广人员的工作绩效（WP）进行了评估。本研究旨在确定哪些技能对马来西亚生产性可可种植农（PCF）认为的 EA 工作绩效贡献最大，并确定不同地区之间工作绩效最高的 EA。本研究以冰山能力模型为基础，采用结构合理的问卷进行定量分析。样本分别来自马来西亚半岛和东马的 353 名和 315 名 PCF，他们参加过两个 EA 培训项目，并已种植可可 5 至 7 年。受访者通过多阶段抽样方法选出。研究采用了描述性分析和多元回归分析。结果显示，来自马来西亚半岛的社会技能、领导技能、技术技能和决策支持技能对可可产量有显著的促进作用。社会技能是对马来西亚半岛 EA 的 WP 贡献最大的因素。在东马来西亚，只有三种技能，即决策支持技能、技术技能和领导技能对 WP 有显著贡献。决策支持技能是对东马 EA 的 WP 贡献最大的技能。马来西亚半岛的 R2 值分别为 0.637 和 0.521，大于马来西亚东部的 R2 值，因此马来西亚半岛的 EA 表现优于马来西亚东部的 EA。总之，MCB 机构可按地区重点关注相关技能，以提高其 EA 的 WP。
{"title":"Determinant of Extension Agent’s Skills Towards Work Performance As Perceived By Productive Cocoa Farmers In Malaysia","authors":"Norizatulshima Ibrahim, Jasmin Arif Shah, Salim Hassan","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1244","url":null,"abstract":"Work performance refers to the outcome or behaviour exhibited by extension agents (EA) to perform certain job activities over a specific period. Using Transfer of Technology (ToT) and Human Resources Development (HRD) competencies, the work performance (WP) of EAs was assessed. This research aimed to determine which skills, contribute the most towards WP of EAs perceived by productive cocoa farmers (PCF) in Malaysia and determine the most performed EA between areas. This study derived from the Iceberg Model of competencies and employed quantitative methods with a well-structured questionnaire. A sample of 353 and 315 PCFs, for the Peninsular and East Malaysia, respectively, who have attended two training programs exposed by EA and have cultivated cocoa for five to seven years. The respondents were chosen through a multi-stage sampling method. Descriptive and multiple regression analyses were used. The results revealed that social, leadership, technical, and decision-making support skills from Peninsular Malaysia have significantly contributed to the WP. Social skill is the factor that contributes the most to the WP of EA in Peninsular Malaysia. For East Malaysia, only three skills, namely, decision-making support, technical, and leadership skills contributed to WP significantly. Decision-making support skill is the highest contributing skill to WP of EA in East Malaysia. Then, the EA in Peninsular Malaysia performed better than Eastern Malaysia because the R2 value for Peninsular Malaysia is greater than the of Eastern Malaysia, which is 0.637 and 0.521, respectively. In conclusion, MCB agency may focus on relevant skills by area to improve the WP of their EA.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The leaves of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are usually used in food and traditional medicine. It also has been recognized as a source of natural antioxidants. Antioxidants are known as molecules that prevent the oxidation process caused by free radical compounds that can harm the human body. Thus, this study aims to characterize the chemical constituents found in ethanolic extracts of red roselle (RR) and white roselle (WR) leaves and determine their antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening indicated that RR leaf extract contained phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids, while WR leaf extracts consisted of phenols, tannins and reducing sugars. The total phenolic content in RR and WR leaf extracts was 42.07 ± 0.48 mg GAE/g dry weight of leaf and 38.59 ± 1.75 mg GAE/g dry weight of leaf, respectively, while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 85.65 ± 0.33 % and 83.49 ± 0.13 % at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for RR and WR extracts. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed that RR leaf extract was significantly higher than WR leaf extract. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation revealed a few prominent spots in both crude extracts, which were polar in nature. The TLC results can be used as preliminary data to further investigate the compounds. Characterization of the isolated crude compounds in the extracts was done using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The infrared spectrum exhibited the presence of hydroxyl group, carboxylic acids, alkanes, the presence of esters (-C=O) and the involvement of aromatic structure of the compound. The study demonstrated the ethanolic extract of two varieties of roselle leaf contains phytochemical constituents that could contribute to the antioxidant activity. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of herbal teas or food supplements to maintain good health. The data from this study will also provide valuable information for future research on the fractionation and purification of potential antioxidant compounds found in the extract.
{"title":"Phytochemical analysis, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two varieties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. leaves","authors":"Syaliza Omar, Mohamad Syafiq Sidik, Amalina Mamat, Maimunah Sanny","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1241","url":null,"abstract":"The leaves of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) are usually used in food and traditional medicine. It also has been recognized as a source of natural antioxidants. Antioxidants are known as molecules that prevent the oxidation process caused by free radical compounds that can harm the human body. Thus, this study aims to characterize the chemical constituents found in ethanolic extracts of red roselle (RR) and white roselle (WR) leaves and determine their antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening indicated that RR leaf extract contained phenols, tannins, saponins and steroids, while WR leaf extracts consisted of phenols, tannins and reducing sugars. The total phenolic content in RR and WR leaf extracts was 42.07 ± 0.48 mg GAE/g dry weight of leaf and 38.59 ± 1.75 mg GAE/g dry weight of leaf, respectively, while the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 85.65 ± 0.33 % and 83.49 ± 0.13 % at a concentration of 1 mg/ml for RR and WR extracts. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed that RR leaf extract was significantly higher than WR leaf extract. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) separation revealed a few prominent spots in both crude extracts, which were polar in nature. The TLC results can be used as preliminary data to further investigate the compounds. Characterization of the isolated crude compounds in the extracts was done using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). The infrared spectrum exhibited the presence of hydroxyl group, carboxylic acids, alkanes, the presence of esters (-C=O) and the involvement of aromatic structure of the compound. The study demonstrated the ethanolic extract of two varieties of roselle leaf contains phytochemical constituents that could contribute to the antioxidant activity. The findings of this study will contribute to the development of herbal teas or food supplements to maintain good health. The data from this study will also provide valuable information for future research on the fractionation and purification of potential antioxidant compounds found in the extract.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1235
Rodiah M. H., Ariyani R.
Anthocyanin, a bioactive compound present in plants, possesses the characteristic of being an extractable pigment. Due to its bioavailability and wide spectrum of colors, extensive research has been conducted on anthocyanin to explore its medicinal advantages and its potential as a natural coloring agent. However, it is reported to be easily degraded by external environmental factors due to its high reactivity. The husk from coconut (Cocos nucifera) has been proven to contain a significant amount of anthocyanin. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of temperature, autoclaving condition, pH, and light on the stability of anthocyanin from coconut husk. The anthocyanin extracted from the mesocarps of brown coconut husks was tested at different temperatures (50 ? to 70?), pH (1 to 14), autoclaving conditions (15 minutes to 60 minutes), and light exposure (room temperature for 70 days). In extreme temperatures and long durations of autoclaving conditions, anthocyanin extracts were slightly degraded in terms of colour strength and total anthocyanin content. The acidity and alkalinity of the samples affected the stability of anthocyanin extracts drastically. The colour strength and total anthocyanin content steadily increased as the pH rose. Light exposure also influenced the stability of anthocyanin extract throughout the 70-day exposure to fluorescent light. To sum up, anthocyanin extracts from the C. nucifera are stable in a highly alkaline condition and must be stored away from light, extreme heat, and high pressure.
{"title":"Effects of different physical parameters on the stability of anthocyanin from coconut (Cocos nucifera) husk","authors":"Rodiah M. H., Ariyani R.","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1235","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanin, a bioactive compound present in plants, possesses the characteristic of being an extractable pigment. Due to its bioavailability and wide spectrum of colors, extensive research has been conducted on anthocyanin to explore its medicinal advantages and its potential as a natural coloring agent. However, it is reported to be easily degraded by external environmental factors due to its high reactivity. The husk from coconut (Cocos nucifera) has been proven to contain a significant amount of anthocyanin. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of temperature, autoclaving condition, pH, and light on the stability of anthocyanin from coconut husk. The anthocyanin extracted from the mesocarps of brown coconut husks was tested at different temperatures (50 ? to 70?), pH (1 to 14), autoclaving conditions (15 minutes to 60 minutes), and light exposure (room temperature for 70 days). In extreme temperatures and long durations of autoclaving conditions, anthocyanin extracts were slightly degraded in terms of colour strength and total anthocyanin content. The acidity and alkalinity of the samples affected the stability of anthocyanin extracts drastically. The colour strength and total anthocyanin content steadily increased as the pH rose. Light exposure also influenced the stability of anthocyanin extract throughout the 70-day exposure to fluorescent light. To sum up, anthocyanin extracts from the C. nucifera are stable in a highly alkaline condition and must be stored away from light, extreme heat, and high pressure.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1236
A. Imam, Yusuf Sarkingobir, M. Dikko, Ahmad Zayyanu, Yusuf Yahaya Miya, Mansur Ahmad, Mr. Yusuf Sarkingobir
The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, and Ni micronutrients present in some commonly consumed herbal snuffs in Sokoto, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of zinc and iron metals present in brands of herbal snuff in Sokoto Nigeria reveal, the zinc concentration ranges from 0.12 ± 0.02 (recorded in DR Lambo special Sundu) to 0.33 ± 0.002 ppm (Hajiya Ayisha Snuff AK47 Blue cover), and iron ranges from 0.97 ± 0.6 (found in DR Lambo special Sundu) to 8.92 ± 0.2 ppm (AK 47). The concentrations of selenium and nickel metals in some selected snuff materials consumed in Sokoto, Nigeria reveal, the selenium concentration ranges from 0.05 ± 0.002 (Hajiya Ayisha snuff AK 47 green cover) to 0.12 ± 0.001 (revealed in Dr Lambo Herbal Powder) ppm. Nickel ranges from 0.02 ± 0.001 to 0.04 ± 0.002 ppm. All the determined elements are within safe levels when compared to World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits and are probably safe for human consumption.
本研究的目的是使用原子吸收光谱法评估尼日利亚索科托一些常见草药鼻烟中的锌、铁、硒和镍微量营养素的浓度。尼日利亚索科托各品牌草药鼻烟中的锌和铁金属浓度显示，锌的浓度范围为 0.12 ± 0.02（记录在 DR Lambo special Sundu 中）至 0.33 ± 0.002 ppm（Hajiya Ayisha Snuff AK47 Blue cover），铁的浓度范围为 0.97 ± 0.6（在 DR Lambo special Sundu 中发现）至 8.92 ± 0.2 ppm（AK 47）。尼日利亚索科托一些选定鼻烟材料中的硒和镍金属浓度显示，硒的浓度范围为 0.05 ± 0.002（Hajiya Ayisha 鼻烟 AK 47 绿盖）至 0.12 ± 0.001（在 Dr Lambo 草药粉中发现）ppm。镍的含量范围为 0.02 ± 0.001 至 0.04 ± 0.002 ppm。与世界卫生组织（WHO）的允许限值相比，所有测定的元素都在安全范围内，人类食用可能是安全的。
{"title":"Assessment of certain micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Ni, and Se) in some herbal snuff stocks consumed in Sokoto, Nigeria","authors":"A. Imam, Yusuf Sarkingobir, M. Dikko, Ahmad Zayyanu, Yusuf Yahaya Miya, Mansur Ahmad, Mr. Yusuf Sarkingobir","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i2.1236","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Se, and Ni micronutrients present in some commonly consumed herbal snuffs in Sokoto, Nigeria using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of zinc and iron metals present in brands of herbal snuff in Sokoto Nigeria reveal, the zinc concentration ranges from 0.12 ± 0.02 (recorded in DR Lambo special Sundu) to 0.33 ± 0.002 ppm (Hajiya Ayisha Snuff AK47 Blue cover), and iron ranges from 0.97 ± 0.6 (found in DR Lambo special Sundu) to 8.92 ± 0.2 ppm (AK 47). The concentrations of selenium and nickel metals in some selected snuff materials consumed in Sokoto, Nigeria reveal, the selenium concentration ranges from 0.05 ± 0.002 (Hajiya Ayisha snuff AK 47 green cover) to 0.12 ± 0.001 (revealed in Dr Lambo Herbal Powder) ppm. Nickel ranges from 0.02 ± 0.001 to 0.04 ± 0.002 ppm. All the determined elements are within safe levels when compared to World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits and are probably safe for human consumption.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.47253/jtrss.v11i1.1098
Olusola Helen Adekanmbi, Okwong John Walter, Nchedochukwu Clara Ikegbunam, Fatimoh Towobola Afolabi
In the conservation and management of our environment, information on vegetation change and pollution monitoring as a result of human activities is still highly important. This necessitated a palaeoenvironmental investigation through drilled sediments of a 51 cm core in Atlas Cove on the Commodore Channel in Lagos State, in order to ascertain possible changes in the past ecological conditions of the study area over time. Eighteen sediment samples were collected at intervals of 3 cm between the depth of 0.00 cm and 51.00 cm and subjected to palynological, lithological, pH, salinity, and heavy metal analyses. The palynological study revealed a diversified and sparse array of palynomorphs. Pollen of Asystasia gangetica, Alstonia congensis, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Cyperus sp., Kyllinga erecta, Rhizophora racemosa, Acrostichum aureum, Polypodiaceae, Paspalum sp., Pteris sp., Alchornea cordifolia, and Elchornia crassipes were found to be dominant. The pH and salinity values of the sediment samples also varied considerably at different depths. A considerable number of lithological types were recognized, which varied in grain-size, grain sorting and grain-texture. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, As, Pb, Zn, Cr, Se, Ni, Mn, Co, Cd, and Al vary greatly. When the results were compared to the soil guideline value for commercial areas using the CLEA-Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment, they were found to be below the limit for commercial areas, indicating that environmental contamination is negligible. This study's findings will be used to develop realistic conservation and management plans for this biologically unique ecosystem in the future.
{"title":"Changes in Vegetation in Relation to Human Activities in Atlas Cove, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Olusola Helen Adekanmbi, Okwong John Walter, Nchedochukwu Clara Ikegbunam, Fatimoh Towobola Afolabi","doi":"10.47253/jtrss.v11i1.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v11i1.1098","url":null,"abstract":"In the conservation and management of our environment, information on vegetation change and pollution monitoring as a result of human activities is still highly important. This necessitated a palaeoenvironmental investigation through drilled sediments of a 51 cm core in Atlas Cove on the Commodore Channel in Lagos State, in order to ascertain possible changes in the past ecological conditions of the study area over time. Eighteen sediment samples were collected at intervals of 3 cm between the depth of 0.00 cm and 51.00 cm and subjected to palynological, lithological, pH, salinity, and heavy metal analyses. The palynological study revealed a diversified and sparse array of palynomorphs. Pollen of Asystasia gangetica, Alstonia congensis, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Cyperus sp., Kyllinga erecta, Rhizophora racemosa, Acrostichum aureum, Polypodiaceae, Paspalum sp., Pteris sp., Alchornea cordifolia, and Elchornia crassipes were found to be dominant. The pH and salinity values of the sediment samples also varied considerably at different depths. A considerable number of lithological types were recognized, which varied in grain-size, grain sorting and grain-texture. The concentrations of Fe, Cu, As, Pb, Zn, Cr, Se, Ni, Mn, Co, Cd, and Al vary greatly. When the results were compared to the soil guideline value for commercial areas using the CLEA-Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment, they were found to be below the limit for commercial areas, indicating that environmental contamination is negligible. This study's findings will be used to develop realistic conservation and management plans for this biologically unique ecosystem in the future.","PeriodicalId":17457,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84461731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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