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The Guts of the Matter: A Global History of Human Waste and Infectious Intestinal Disease by James L. A. Webb (review) 《物质的肠道:人类排泄物和肠道传染病的全球史》,詹姆斯·L·A·韦伯著(综述)
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.a902059
B. Reilly
Rimner has reconstructed the transnational history of the opposition to the opium trade in Asia, recovering previously buried “traces of border-crossing mobilization” (p. 278). The breadth and depth of his archival research is impressive. This work is thick with detail, so much so that at times the argument becomes a little obscured. The reader may be left with questions about the extent to which the elite actors that Rimner tracks so skillfully here accurately represented popular opinion. Overall, however, this is an impressive achievement that will be read with interest by scholars of drug history, international relations, and transnational social movements.
里姆纳重建了亚洲反对鸦片贸易的跨国历史,恢复了以前被埋葬的“跨境动员的痕迹”(第278页)。他对档案研究的广度和深度令人印象深刻。这部作品细节丰富,以至于有时争论变得有些模糊。读者可能会产生疑问,里默在这里如此巧妙地追踪了这些精英演员,他们在多大程度上准确地代表了大众的观点。然而,总的来说,这是一项令人印象深刻的成就,研究毒品历史、国际关系和跨国社会运动的学者将会饶有兴趣地阅读它。
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引用次数: 0
“Race and Racism beyond National Borders” “超越国界的种族和种族主义”
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-04-18 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0010
M. Romaniello
Assembling a special collection of previously published articles has created an opportunity to engage with the legacy of Journal of World History. As with the first of these issues four years ago, I took the opportunity to review our “most downloaded” articles list from Project Muse. It has changed more than I expected – not only from the arrival of newlypublished articles but also from articles published decades ago that have gained new prominence. One of those served as the launching point for this collection, Matthew Pratt Guterl’s “The New Race Consciousness: Race, Nation, and Empire in American Culture, 1910-1925,” a “top 10” article for 2022, though it was first published in 1999. The renewed interest in race and racism is hardly unique to Journal of World History, much less global audiences in this particular historical moment. However, looking to JWH for an article on racism in America may not be the first stop on anyone’s pursuit of more information on the topic. For much of its history, JWH only published a few articles with American content. After all, a focus on America did not easily fit within JWH’s stated goal of transnational and comparative research, but Guterl’s article (the first of his two in our journal)1 easily met this threshold. Guterl begins his article with W. E. B. Du Bois’s arrival in the United Kingdom for the First Universal Races Congress and uses this moment as a launching point to analyze changing attitudes toward the conception of Irish American and African American national identities in the late Progressive Era. Focusing on the ways these identities engaged with a
汇集以前发表的文章的特别收藏为参与《世界历史杂志》的遗产创造了机会。与四年前的第一期一样,我借此机会回顾了我们从Project Muse获得的“下载量最大”的文章列表。它的变化比我预期的要大——不仅是因为新发表的文章的到来,而且是因为几十年前发表的文章获得了新的关注。马修·普拉特·古特尔(Matthew Pratt Guterl)的《新种族意识:1910-1925年美国文化中的种族、民族和帝国》(the New Race Conscious:Race,Nation,and Empire in American Culture,1910-1925)是这本书集的起点之一,尽管它于1999年首次出版,但它是2022年的“十大”文章。对种族和种族主义的重新兴趣并不是《世界历史杂志》独有的,更不用说在这个特殊的历史时刻,全球观众了。然而,向JWH寻求一篇关于美国种族主义的文章可能不是任何人寻求更多有关该主题信息的第一站。在其历史的大部分时间里,JWH只发表了几篇带有美国内容的文章。毕竟,对美国的关注并不容易符合JWH所宣称的跨国和比较研究的目标,但古特尔的文章(他在我们杂志上发表的两篇文章中的第一篇)1很容易达到了这个门槛。古特尔的文章以W·E·B·杜波依斯抵达英国参加第一届世界种族大会开始,并以此为出发点分析进步时代后期对爱尔兰裔美国人和非裔美国人国家身份概念的态度变化。关注这些身份与
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引用次数: 0
Iran and a French Empire of Trade, 1700–1808: The Other Persian Letters by Junko Thérèse Takeda (review) 伊朗与法兰西贸易帝国,1700–1808:武田俊子的《其他波斯书信》(综述)
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0008
Susan Mokhberi
Recently scholars have turned their attention to the impact Asia, and especially Persia and the Ottoman Empire, made in France prior to Montesquieu’s Persian Letters. Junko Takeda’s timely book takes off from this point in the early eighteenth century arguing that Persia continued to make a strong impact in France, shaping economics, military technology, and politics from the pre-Revolutionary era to Napoleon. Takeda unearths a truly global Enlightenment era in which Frenchmen watched events in Persia and responded, revealing the commercial and intellectual intertwining of Asian and European Empires. Takeda’s method advances the field of global history by taking a microhistorical approach. She relates accounts of unexpected characters including merchant-diplomats, former gambling-house Madams, Armenian envoys, and Enlightenment figures. The book uncovers how Persian and French relations advanced through the contributions of these various marginalized people from across the Mediterranean world, far from the halls of Versailles and revolutionary chambers. The diverse cast of figures negotiated treaties, dealt in arms and commercial exchange, and spread Enlightenment and Revolutionary ideas from Asia to France. Chapter one draws on Takeda’s extensive knowledge of the commercial politics of Marseille, the subject of her first book. Here, she explores the rise of the Fabre family, a powerful merchant family in Marseille who had ties to Versailles. She explains how the French monarchy selected one of the Fabre family members, despite inadequate experience and more qualified candidates, to become the official envoy to the Safavid Shah in 1705. The French court “rewarded
最近,学者们将注意力转向了孟德斯鸠的《波斯书信》之前在法国对亚洲,尤其是波斯和奥斯曼帝国的影响。武田俊子(Junko Takeda)的适时著作在18世纪初从这一点出发,认为波斯继续在法国产生强大影响,从革命前到拿破仑,影响了经济、军事技术和政治。武田揭示了一个真正的全球启蒙时代,在这个时代,法国人观看了波斯的事件并做出了回应,揭示了亚洲和欧洲帝国的商业和知识交织。武田的方法通过微观历史的方法推进了全球历史领域。她讲述了一些意想不到的人物,包括商人外交官、前赌场Madams、亚美尼亚特使和启蒙运动人物。这本书揭示了波斯和法国的关系是如何通过这些来自地中海世界的边缘化人群的贡献而发展的,他们远离凡尔赛宫和革命大厅。形形色色的人物谈判条约,进行武器和商业交流,并将启蒙运动和革命思想从亚洲传播到法国。第一章借鉴了武田对马赛商业政治的广泛了解,这是她的第一本书的主题。在这里,她探索了法布尔家族的崛起,这是马赛一个强大的商人家族,与凡尔赛宫有联系。她解释了法国君主制如何在1705年选择法布尔家族的一名成员,尽管经验不足,候选人更合格,成为萨非王朝国王的官方特使。法国法院“奖励
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引用次数: 1
Anthropology, Opportunity, and Empire: Collecting Expeditions in Sarawak and the Philippines, 1898–1909 人类学、机遇与帝国:收集1898-1909年砂拉越和菲律宾的探险
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0004
Matt Schauer
Abstract:This article examines several collecting expeditions to the Philippines and Sarawak, Borneo between 1898 and 1909. Collectors on these expeditions collected Indigenous cultural objects, human remains, anthropological data, and natural specimens in order to build up museum collections in Sarawak, England, and the United States. This article argues that to varying degrees, these expeditions were all directly or indirectly supported by imperial power, through funding, logistical aid, protection, or by the use of Indigenous labor. These collectors were informed by imperial ethnographers and collecting guides and shaped their collecting goals accordingly. They attempted to preserve objects and specimens they deemed to be in threat of disappearing due to increasing Western imperial influences. These collectors utilized this salvage rhetoric and the structures of empire to attempt to gain social mobility and professional prestige as anthropology developed as a discipline in the early twentieth century.
摘要:本文考察了1898年至1909年间对菲律宾和婆罗洲沙捞越的几次采集考察。这些探险队的收藏家收集了土著文物、人类遗骸、人类学数据和自然标本,以便在沙捞越、英国和美国建立博物馆收藏。这篇文章认为,在不同程度上,这些远征都直接或间接地得到了皇权的支持,通过资金、后勤援助、保护或使用土著劳工。这些收藏者听取了帝国民族志学家和收藏指南的信息,并据此制定了他们的收藏目标。他们试图保存他们认为由于西方帝国的影响而面临消失威胁的物品和标本。随着人类学在20世纪早期发展成为一门学科,这些收集者利用这种打捞修辞和帝国结构,试图获得社会流动性和专业声望。
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引用次数: 0
Water, Bodies, Space: New Directions in World Environmental History 水、物体、空间:世界环境史的新方向
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0005
John G. Bouchard
Sometimes it is the sudden intrusion of new questions, and the unexpected perspectives they offer, into the field of World History which has galvanized efforts to push our work and teaching forward in new directions. What does the Ottoman Empire look like from the viewpoint of a marsh in southern Iraq? How could England’s Charles II dream of improving his subject’s physical health in eastern England by radically transforming the landscape in which they lived?What does an Indigenous place-name on a European colonial map signify, and what can that tell us about local ecologies? These are some of the inquiries posed by a new generation of environmental historians, and they speak to the potential for their works to change how we study the past on a global scale. We are living through a transformative moment in the field of environmental history. The climate crisis has catalyzed both a surge in interest and a revolution in methods. Not only are more and more
有时,正是新问题的突然闯入,以及它们提供的意想不到的观点,促使我们努力推动我们的工作和教学向新的方向发展。从伊拉克南部沼泽的角度看,奥斯曼帝国是什么样子?英格兰的查理二世怎么会梦想通过彻底改变英格兰东部居民的生活环境来改善他们的身体健康呢?欧洲殖民地图上的土著地名意味着什么?这能告诉我们关于当地生态的什么信息?这些都是新一代环境历史学家提出的一些问题,他们的作品有可能改变我们在全球范围内研究过去的方式。我们正在经历环境史领域的变革时刻。气候危机催生了兴趣的激增和方法的革命。不仅是越来越多
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引用次数: 0
Unobvious Parallels: Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, Wacław Sieroszewski, and Their Role in Gathering Imperial Knowledge in Sumatra and Yakutia in the 1890S 显而易见的相似之处:Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje、Wacław Sieroszewski及其在19世纪90年代苏门答腊和雅库特收集帝国知识中的作用
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0002
D. Kołodziejczyk, I. Chabrowski
Abstract:The article focuses on two authors who in the 1890s contributed towards the European knowledge of two Asiatic societies—the Acehnese in Sumatra and the Yakuts in Syberia. They arrived in Asia in very different capacities: a Dutchman Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje as an advisor to the Dutch colonial government, and a Pole Wacław Sieroszewski as a political prisoner. Whereas Snouck Hurgronje was an established scholar, Sieroszewski was a self-taught ethnographer, who traded his knowledge gathered during the years of exile for freedom and scholarly recognition, granted by institutions of the same Russian empire against which he had fought as a Polish revolutionary. And yet there were also striking similarities between the two men. They both owed their intimacy with the studied societies to their "going native," including marriages with local women. Their works also reveal common patterns as they followed scholarly standards accepted in post-Enlightenment Europe, although Sieroszewski was less persuaded of the merits of Europe's "civilizing mission." The two cases shed light on two European imperialisms that deviated from the "ideal type," associated by Edward Said with Britain and France, as well as different circumstances of the encounters between Europeans and Asians along with their ethical implications.
摘要:这篇文章的重点是两位作者,他们在19世纪90年代为欧洲了解两个亚洲社会做出了贡献——苏门答腊的亚齐人和西贝里的雅库特人。他们以截然不同的身份抵达亚洲:一名荷兰人克里斯蒂安·斯努克·赫尔格隆杰(Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje)是荷兰殖民政府的顾问,另一名波兰人瓦科瓦夫·西罗泽夫斯基(Pole Wacław Sieroszewski)是政治犯。Snouck Hurgronje是一位知名学者,而Sieroszewski是一位自学成才的民族志学家,他用流亡期间收集的知识换取自由和学术认可,这些自由和认可是他作为波兰革命者与之斗争的同一俄罗斯帝国的机构所给予的。然而,两人之间也有惊人的相似之处。他们都将与被研究社会的亲密关系归功于他们的“本土化”,包括与当地女性的婚姻。他们的作品也揭示了他们遵循启蒙运动后欧洲公认的学术标准的共同模式,尽管Sieroszewski不太相信欧洲“文明使命”的优点。这两个案例揭示了爱德华·赛义德与英国和法国联系在一起的两种偏离“理想类型”的欧洲帝国主义,以及欧洲人和亚洲人遭遇的不同情况及其伦理含义。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Global Travel, Exploration, and Comparative Study of Empire 简介:环球旅行、探索与帝国比较研究
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0000
S. C. Bailey
Abstract:During the late nineteenth century large numbers of long-distance travelers, often elites from imperial states, ventured abroad. The purposes of these travels included for scientific or academic research, for reporting or other information-gathering purposes, and for touristic experiences. These imperial travelers' observations and experiences can be analyzed to provide us a fuller picture of imperial peripheries. Most existing studies of long-distance travel focus on individual travelers' accounts of specific journeys in isolation, rather than in a comparative framework. Comparative study of travel accounts can be used to better understand why different imperial actors supported these sorts of travels, and how written descriptions provide us with varied views of empire. Each travelers' experiences should be analyzed holistically, by investigating their biographical information, identities, class positions, and other individual characteristics, to effectively analyze the significance of their observations.
摘要:在19世纪末,大量的长途旅行者,通常是来自帝国国家的精英,冒险出国。这些旅行的目的包括科学或学术研究、报告或其他信息收集目的以及旅游体验。这些帝国旅行者的观察和经历可以进行分析,为我们提供更全面的帝国周边图景。大多数现有的长途旅行研究都集中在单独旅行者对特定旅程的描述上,而不是在比较框架中。对旅行记录的比较研究可以更好地理解为什么不同的帝国行为者支持这种旅行,以及书面描述如何为我们提供对帝国的不同看法。每个旅行者的经历都应该进行全面分析,通过调查他们的传记信息、身份、阶级地位和其他个人特征,有效地分析他们观察的意义。
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引用次数: 0
Piracy in World History ed. by Stefan Eklöf Amirell, Bruce Buchan, and Hans Hägerdal (review) Stefan Eklöf Amirell、Bruce Buchan和Hans Hägerdal主编的《世界历史上的海盗行为》(评论)
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0006
Elizabeth M. Schmidt
Conventionally, piracy has been defined as seafarers operating outside the laws of any sovereign power, referred to in Europe since the Early Modern period as “hostes humani generis,” or “enemies of all mankind.” Most histories of piracy take this as their starting point, incorrectly regarding piracy as a European concept that was applied to foreign mariners in the context of colonialism. This edited volume on piracy questions that assumption with twelve original essays that cover case studies of maritime violence and encounters in Europe, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, the Ottoman Empire, China, and Vietnam between 1500 and 1900. In their introduction, the editors write that their aim is to write a global history that “[unsettles] the conventional oppositions between piracy and sovereignty” (p. 11). To do this, the authors represented in the bookmove beyond the bounds of western historiographies, legal systems, and linguistics to explore how piratical activity was categorized, understood, exploited, and resisted all over the world. The collection explores the myriad meanings of the word “pirate” and other colloquial terms that refer to maritime violence, as well as the encounters between these different concepts and understandings in colonial contexts. Covering the globe and engaging in 400 years of history is a big promise, but the collection
传统上,海盗行为被定义为在任何主权国家法律之外活动的海员,自现代早期以来,欧洲将其称为“人类的旅舍”或“全人类的敌人”。大多数海盗历史都以此为出发点,错误地将海盗行为视为殖民主义背景下适用于外国海员的欧洲概念。这本关于海盗的编辑卷用十二篇原创文章质疑了这一假设,这些文章涵盖了1500年至1900年间欧洲、菲律宾、印度尼西亚、印度、奥斯曼帝国、中国和越南的海上暴力和遭遇的案例研究。编辑们在引言中写道,他们的目标是书写一部“[扰乱]海盗和主权之间的传统对立”的全球历史(第11页)。为了做到这一点,书中的作者超越了西方史学、法律体系和语言学的界限,探索了海盗活动在世界各地是如何被分类、理解、利用和抵制的。该系列探讨了“海盗”一词和其他提及海上暴力的口语术语的无数含义,以及这些不同概念和理解在殖民语境中的遭遇。覆盖全球并参与400年的历史是一个很大的希望,但收藏
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引用次数: 0
Passing the Torch? Anglo-American Encounters in the British West Indies and Negotiating White Supremacy, c. 1865–1914 传递火炬?英属西印度群岛的英美遭遇和白人至上主义谈判(1865-1914)
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0001
A. Goodall
Abstract:This article explores encounters between U.S. tourists and British imperial actors in the British West Indies in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Drawing on published traveller accounts from the period, it argues that literary cross-fertilization and practices of colonial sociability encouraged shared understandings of the Caribbean framed around visions of global white supremacy. Although these supported the Anglo-Saxonist project that underpinned the geopolitical rapprochement between the two powers between the 1890s and First World War, there were also tensions and disagreements, especially over which nation was best placed to defend the racial order in the Caribbean in the new century. As the volume of U.S. tourists grew, these disagreements became clearer, as revealed in the accounts given of the aftermath of the diplomatic crisis that followed the Kingston earthquake of 1907. Traveller accounts on the ground contrasted with efforts in Washington and London to resolve the crisis amicably. In this sense, the cultural politics of inter-imperial sociability did not always perfectly align with geopolitical imperatives.
摘要:本文探讨了19世纪末20世纪初在英属西印度群岛,美国游客与英国帝国演员之间的邂逅。根据这一时期出版的游记,该书认为,文学的交融和殖民社会的实践鼓励了人们对加勒比地区的共同理解,这些理解围绕着全球白人至上主义的愿景。尽管这些都支持了盎格鲁-撒克逊主义的计划,该计划在19世纪90年代至第一次世界大战期间巩固了两个大国之间的地缘政治和解,但也存在紧张和分歧,特别是在哪个国家最适合在新世纪捍卫加勒比地区的种族秩序方面。随着美国游客数量的增长,这些分歧变得更加明显,这一点在1907年金斯敦地震后的外交危机后的报道中得到了体现。旅行者的实地报道与华盛顿和伦敦为友好解决危机所做的努力形成了鲜明对比。从这个意义上说,帝国间社交的文化政治并不总是与地缘政治的需要完美地结合在一起。
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引用次数: 0
The Creole Archipelago: Race and Borders in the Colonial Caribbean by Tessa Murphy (review) 《克里奥尔群岛:殖民地加勒比海的种族与边界》,泰莎·墨菲著(评论)
IF 0.9 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1353/jwh.2023.0007
Tyson Reeder
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引用次数: 0
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