Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.860
K. Rani
The current investigation was carried out to develop a sustainable dyeing method by utilization of marine brown seaweed as natural dye. Moreover, the dyeing process was optimized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variable on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and results were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found that, the optimized dyeing condition has 1% formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing cycle. At this condition, the dye molecule shows higher exhaustion and fixation % along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the dyed fabric shows effective inhibition against all test organisms. Fabric samples showed greater antimicrobial efficiency for Candida albicans and least for Escherichia coli.
{"title":"UTILIZING NATURAL COLORANTS OF BROWN SEAWEEDS IN BIOACTIVE FABRIC DYEING","authors":"K. Rani","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.860","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation was carried out to develop a sustainable dyeing method by utilization of marine brown seaweed as natural dye. Moreover, the dyeing process was optimized by varying fixing agent percentage and dyeing time. The influence of different variable on color uptake (K/S), fastness rating and color measurement were examined. The bioactive efficiency of seaweed extract and dyed fabric were also investigated against human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and results were compared with commercial antibacterial and antifungal drugs. It was found that, the optimized dyeing condition has 1% formic acid as fixing agent with 120 min dyeing cycle. At this condition, the dye molecule shows higher exhaustion and fixation % along with acceptable fastness and antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the dyed fabric shows effective inhibition against all test organisms. Fabric samples showed greater antimicrobial efficiency for Candida albicans and least for Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75071439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.862
M. Safdar, M. Nadeem, A. Rehman, Amjed Ali, N. Iqbal, Qaisar Mumtaz, A. Javed
Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.
在巴基斯坦旁遮普省萨戈达的农业气候条件下，对大豆杂草根除的最佳除草剂选择知之甚少。本研究于2018年和2019年春季在农学院实验基地Sargodha完成了为期两年的田间研究，以评估大豆主要杂草附近不同除草剂的效果。该研究包括8种除草剂处理，包括播种后立即施用的2种羽化前除草剂(489.1 g a.i. ha-1、二甲甲烷+ s -甲草胺731.1 g a.i. ha-1)和6种羽化后除草剂(237.1 g a.i. ha-1、518.7 g a.i. ha-1、148.2 g a.i. ha-1、741 g a.i. ha-1、741 g a.i. ha-1)。在播种后25天施用氟磺隆37 g A.I. ha-1和topamezone 21.5 g A.I. ha-1。与对照相比，所有除草剂的杂草密度(高达94%)和干重(高达88%)均有显著下降;对大豆株高(85%)、结荚分枝(77%)、单株荚果数(83%)、百粒重(37%)和籽粒产量(160%)均有显著提高。在除草剂中，施用21.5 g a.i ha-1的topramezone对大豆和HEIs的种子产量最高(2018年和2019年分别为1234和1272 kg ha-1)(2018年和2019年分别为1.28和1.03)。然而，紧随其后的是237.1 g a.i.ha-1的氟氧芬、731.1 g a.i.ha-1的对二甲甲烷+ s -甲草胺、489.1 g a.i.ha-1的对二甲甲烷、148.2 g a.i.ha-1的对乙基quizalofp -p。回归分析表明，大豆种子产量与杂草干重呈显著负相关(R2 = 0.7074)，单株荚果(R2 = 0.7012)是大豆高产的主要产量因素。
{"title":"The SCREENING OF HERBICIDES FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF WEEDS IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max L.)","authors":"M. Safdar, M. Nadeem, A. Rehman, Amjed Ali, N. Iqbal, Qaisar Mumtaz, A. Javed","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.862","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about best herbicidal weed option for weed eradication in soybean in agro-climatic circumstances of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. A two year field study was accomplished at College of Agriculture experimental site Sargodha in spring seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the efficacy of different herbicides adjacent to major weeds present in soybean. The study consisted of 8 herbicide treatments including two pre-emergence herbicides (pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1) which are applied immediately after sowing and six post-emergence herbicides (oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, metribuzin at 518.7 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i. ha-1, acetochlor at 741 g a.i. ha-1, halosulfuron at 37 g a.i. ha-1and topramezone at 21.5 g a.iha-1) which were used 25 days subsequent to sowing. In contrast to control, all herbicides have shown significant decline in weed density (up to 94%) and dry weight (up to 88%); and caused significant increases in plant height (up to 85%), pod bearing branches (up to 77%), number of pods per plant (up to 83%), 100-seed weight (up to 37%) and seed yield (up to 160%) of soybean. Among herbicides, topramezone at 21.5 g a.i ha-1 gave significantly the highest (1234 and 1272 kg ha-1 in the year 2018 and 2019) seed yield of soybean and HEIs (1.28 and 1.03 in year 2018 and 2019, respectively). However, oxyfluorfen at 237.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin + S-metolachlor at 731.1 g a.i. ha-1, pendimethalin at 489.1 g a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-p-ethyl at 148.2 g a.i.ha-1 followed it. The regression analysis depicted a significant negative moderate relationship of soybean seed yield with weed dry weight (R2 = 0.7074), and pods per plant (R2 = 0.7012) was proved to be the main yield component responsible for higher yield of soybean.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83171801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.861
B. Khan, M. Nadeem, S. Afzal, A. Aziz, R. Maqbool, Amjed Ali, M. Amin
ABSTRACT Crops exude allelochemicals that have ability either to promote or inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of surrounding crops and weeds and this situation is known as allelopathy. Laboratory experiment was performed to determine the suppressive or simulative influence of aqueous extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers, leaves and stem at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) on environmental weed Echinochloa cruss-galli L. Results revealed that 8% concentration of aqueous extracts of all tested parts of C. tinctorius was most phytostaic against germination as well growth of E. cruss-galli. Maximum mean emergence time (5.60 days), minimum emergence index (1.87), time to 50% emergence (6.17 days), minimum shoot (5.82 cm) and root length (1.91 cm) were recorded with the application leaf extract at 8% concentration. The E. cruss-galli emergence percentage (53.33%) and seedling fresh weight (15.35 g) was minimum when treated with 8% aqueous extract of C. tinctorius fruit extract. The lower concentration of all the studied extracts showed a hermetic response and stimulated the root, shoot and seedling fresh weight of E. cruss-galli. The aqueous extracts inhibitory effect was of order leaf > fruit > stem. This study leads to conclusion that 8% or higher concentration of C. tinctorius leaf aqueous extract may be exploited to biologically suppress the establishment of E. cruss-galli. Hermetic response may affect the manifestation of primary and secondary sequence in biological process and this phenomenon must be considered in the development of natural herbicides keeping focus on toxic dose responses. Keywords: Allelopathy, emergence, seedling growth, inhibitory, extracts-concentrations. INTRODUCTION
{"title":"A, The PHYTOREGULATORY EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L. ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF ECHINOCHLOA CRUSS-GALLI L.: AN OBNOXIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL WEED","authors":"B. Khan, M. Nadeem, S. Afzal, A. Aziz, R. Maqbool, Amjed Ali, M. Amin","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.861","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Crops exude allelochemicals that have ability either to promote or inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of surrounding crops and weeds and this situation is known as allelopathy. Laboratory experiment was performed to determine the suppressive or simulative influence of aqueous extracts of Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers, leaves and stem at different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) on environmental weed Echinochloa cruss-galli L. Results revealed that 8% concentration of aqueous extracts of all tested parts of C. tinctorius was most phytostaic against germination as well growth of E. cruss-galli. Maximum mean emergence time (5.60 days), minimum emergence index (1.87), time to 50% emergence (6.17 days), minimum shoot (5.82 cm) and root length (1.91 cm) were recorded with the application leaf extract at 8% concentration. The E. cruss-galli emergence percentage (53.33%) and seedling fresh weight (15.35 g) was minimum when treated with 8% aqueous extract of C. tinctorius fruit extract. The lower concentration of all the studied extracts showed a hermetic response and stimulated the root, shoot and seedling fresh weight of E. cruss-galli. The aqueous extracts inhibitory effect was of order leaf > fruit > stem. This study leads to conclusion that 8% or higher concentration of C. tinctorius leaf aqueous extract may be exploited to biologically suppress the establishment of E. cruss-galli. Hermetic response may affect the manifestation of primary and secondary sequence in biological process and this phenomenon must be considered in the development of natural herbicides keeping focus on toxic dose responses. Keywords: Allelopathy, emergence, seedling growth, inhibitory, extracts-concentrations. INTRODUCTION","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77321718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.813
A. Ghaffar
Cotton crop is an important, cash and fiber crop of Pakistan. Its raw material and other products are exported to other countries. Horse purslane is one of major weed responsible for yield reduction. Research trial was carried out at MNS University of Agriculture Multan during Kharif, 2018 to compare the effect of horse purslane on cotton growth and yield. The study was conducted using the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were; plots maintained horse purslane free for whole season, for 30 days after sowing (DAS) and for 60 DAS, horse purslane and other weeds free for whole season, for 30 DAS and for 60 DAS, weedy check (containing horse purslane only), weedy check (containing all weeds except the horse purslane) and weedy check (all weeds including horse purslane). Weed density and dry bimass, crop growth and yield related parameters were recorded following standard procedures. Horse purslane reduced the height of cotton plants by 26.51%, crop growth rate by 28.44%, total dry matter 28.46% and lint yield by 45%. Treatment having horse purslane and other weeds free for whole season performed best in experiment. Highest benefit cost ratio (1.70) was observed for plots that were kept free from horse purslane and other weeds till 60 DAS.
{"title":"COMPETITIVENESS OF HORSE PURSLANE (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) WITH GROWTH AND YIELD OF COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)","authors":"A. Ghaffar","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.813","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton crop is an important, cash and fiber crop of Pakistan. Its raw material and other products are exported to other countries. Horse purslane is one of major weed responsible for yield reduction. Research trial was carried out at MNS University of Agriculture Multan during Kharif, 2018 to compare the effect of horse purslane on cotton growth and yield. The study was conducted using the Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were; plots maintained horse purslane free for whole season, for 30 days after sowing (DAS) and for 60 DAS, horse purslane and other weeds free for whole season, for 30 DAS and for 60 DAS, weedy check (containing horse purslane only), weedy check (containing all weeds except the horse purslane) and weedy check (all weeds including horse purslane). Weed density and dry bimass, crop growth and yield related parameters were recorded following standard procedures. Horse purslane reduced the height of cotton plants by 26.51%, crop growth rate by 28.44%, total dry matter 28.46% and lint yield by 45%. Treatment having horse purslane and other weeds free for whole season performed best in experiment. Highest benefit cost ratio (1.70) was observed for plots that were kept free from horse purslane and other weeds till 60 DAS.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88353786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.858
M. Rafiq, A. Shoaib, A. Javaid
Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, often refractory and with large number of persistent sclerotia, cause a heavy burden on the potato crop, while the current conventional practices against diseases are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. Botanical fungicides have shown enormous antifungal potential against many sclerotial forming phytopathogens. In the present study, methanolic root extract of Sonchus asper was assessed for their anti-fungal activity against R. solani. The methanolic extract was prepared by soaking dried root biomass in methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Antifungal potential of the extract was detected in test tubes filled with broth in triplicate. The results revealed fungal biomass was significantly reduced (52–97%) with increase in concentrations of the extract (1.56–200 mg mL-1). GCMS analysis revealed that benzoic acid derivatives and isotretinoin as important compounds responsible for the antifungal activity. Hence, methanolic root extract might be a potential library for fungicide development against R. solani.
{"title":"GC-MS ANALYSIS OF Sonchus asper ROOT EXTRACT FOR IDENTIFICATION OF fungicidal compounds against Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"M. Rafiq, A. Shoaib, A. Javaid","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.858","url":null,"abstract":"Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, often refractory and with large number of persistent sclerotia, cause a heavy burden on the potato crop, while the current conventional practices against diseases are limited and are associated with toxicity and resistance. Botanical fungicides have shown enormous antifungal potential against many sclerotial forming phytopathogens. In the present study, methanolic root extract of Sonchus asper was assessed for their anti-fungal activity against R. solani. The methanolic extract was prepared by soaking dried root biomass in methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Antifungal potential of the extract was detected in test tubes filled with broth in triplicate. The results revealed fungal biomass was significantly reduced (52–97%) with increase in concentrations of the extract (1.56–200 mg mL-1). GCMS analysis revealed that benzoic acid derivatives and isotretinoin as important compounds responsible for the antifungal activity. Hence, methanolic root extract might be a potential library for fungicide development against R. solani.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80159837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.849
B. Khan, M. Nadeem, S. Afzal, M. A. Khan, H. Ali, M. Amin, A. Aziz, M. Adnan, Muhammad Shazab Awan, A. Hussain
ABSTRACT Chemical weed control method creates environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Aqueous extract of crop is an important technique to control weed and also environment friendly and cheap. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) on summer weed Oryza punctata (red rice) seed germination and initial seedling growth, a study was planned in Weed Science Laboratory. In this study, seeds of C. tinctorius were incubated in seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different parts i.e. leaves, stem, flower of C. tinctorius. All the tested concentrations of various plant parts of C. tinctorius significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage (%), time taken to 50% germination as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (4.73 days), time taken to 50% germination (4.19 days) was noted at 8% concentration and germination index of O. punctata was noted at 0.25% concentration when flower extract was applied. Leaf aqueous extract at the concentration 8% caused the lowest root length (1.53 cm), shoot length (4.51 cm) and fresh weight (54.72 g) of O. punctata. Results suggested leaf and flower extract of C. tinctorius at concentration (8%) can be used potential bio-herbicide for the control of red rice. Key words: Allelopathy, seedling growth, inhibitory, weed growth, plant parts, promotor
{"title":"A, The ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS ON GERMINATION AND INITIAL SEEDLING GROWTH OF ORYZA PUNCTATA","authors":"B. Khan, M. Nadeem, S. Afzal, M. A. Khan, H. Ali, M. Amin, A. Aziz, M. Adnan, Muhammad Shazab Awan, A. Hussain","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chemical weed control method creates environmental hazards and residual effects in crops and soil. Alternate approach to control weeds is getting attentions in sustainable production system. Aqueous extract of crop is an important technique to control weed and also environment friendly and cheap. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter crop Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) on summer weed Oryza punctata (red rice) seed germination and initial seedling growth, a study was planned in Weed Science Laboratory. In this study, seeds of C. tinctorius were incubated in seven concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%) of different parts i.e. leaves, stem, flower of C. tinctorius. All the tested concentrations of various plant parts of C. tinctorius significantly inhibited the mean emergence time, germination index, germination percentage (%), time taken to 50% germination as well as growth of O. punctata weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (4.73 days), time taken to 50% germination (4.19 days) was noted at 8% concentration and germination index of O. punctata was noted at 0.25% concentration when flower extract was applied. Leaf aqueous extract at the concentration 8% caused the lowest root length (1.53 cm), shoot length (4.51 cm) and fresh weight (54.72 g) of O. punctata. Results suggested leaf and flower extract of C. tinctorius at concentration (8%) can be used potential bio-herbicide for the control of red rice. Key words: Allelopathy, seedling growth, inhibitory, weed growth, plant parts, promotor","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78258369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.859
A. Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Khan, A. Shoaib
Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne pathogen of over 500 plant species, causes collar rot disease in chickpea and reduces its survival rate, growth and yield. This study was carried out to assess potential benefits of soil amendment with Chenopodium album L., a Chenopodicaeae weed, on growth, yield and physiology of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011, grown in S. rolfsii contaminated soil. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry biomass of shoot, root and grains by 21, 36 and 50%, respectively, over negative control (without fungus or C. album biomass). Likewise, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were also reduced by S. rolfsii. A 3% (w/w) application of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improved shoot dry biomass by 134%, root dry biomass by 650%, grain yield by 1309%, chlorophyll content by 1483% and carotenoid content by 320%, over S. rolfsii inoculated treatment (positive control). In general, S. rolfsii increased phenolic content, and activities of denfense related enzymes namely phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) which were gradually reduced with increasing concentration of DBC. This study suggested the use of 3% DBC as soil amendment for improvement of crop growth, yield and resistance of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011 under stress of S. rolfsii.
罗尔夫菌核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)是一种可侵染500多种植物的土传病原菌，可引起鹰嘴豆领腐病，降低其成活率、生长和产量。研究了藜科植物Chenopodium album L.土壤改良剂对鹰嘴豆品种Bakhar-2011生长、产量和生理的影响。与阴性对照(无菌对照和无菌对照)相比，柠条茎、根和籽粒的干生物量分别减少了21.6%、36%和50%。叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量也明显降低。施用3% (w/w)的干生物量，与对照对照相比，茎部干生物量提高134%，根干生物量提高650%，籽粒产量提高1309%，叶绿素含量提高1483%，类胡萝卜素含量提高320%。总的来说，随着DBC浓度的增加，防御相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POX)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性逐渐降低。本研究建议使用3% DBC作为土壤改良剂，改善鹰嘴豆品种Bakhar-2011在S. rolfsii胁迫下的作物生长、产量和抗性。
{"title":"Chenopodium album mitigates adverse effects of Sclerotium rolfsii on chickpea var. Bakhar","authors":"A. Javaid, Amna Ali, Iqra Khan, A. Shoaib","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.859","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerotium rolfsii, a soil-borne pathogen of over 500 plant species, causes collar rot disease in chickpea and reduces its survival rate, growth and yield. This study was carried out to assess potential benefits of soil amendment with Chenopodium album L., a Chenopodicaeae weed, on growth, yield and physiology of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011, grown in S. rolfsii contaminated soil. S. rolfsii significantly reduced dry biomass of shoot, root and grains by 21, 36 and 50%, respectively, over negative control (without fungus or C. album biomass). Likewise, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were also reduced by S. rolfsii. A 3% (w/w) application of dry biomass of C. album (DBC) significantly improved shoot dry biomass by 134%, root dry biomass by 650%, grain yield by 1309%, chlorophyll content by 1483% and carotenoid content by 320%, over S. rolfsii inoculated treatment (positive control). In general, S. rolfsii increased phenolic content, and activities of denfense related enzymes namely phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) which were gradually reduced with increasing concentration of DBC. This study suggested the use of 3% DBC as soil amendment for improvement of crop growth, yield and resistance of chickpea var. Bakhar-2011 under stress of S. rolfsii.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88489730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.846
Tabassum Yaseen, M. Shah, G. Nawaz
An investigation has been make about the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore density in weeds plants with soil selected from the Tehsil Tangi. The spore density was observed in all weeds plants in the host growth stage. The maximum Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore density wasfound in Chenopodium album (93.00±74.02) and Scandix iberica (89.00±92.08) at vegetative stage. The Glomus species are dominant in the rhizosporic soil of weeds plants followed in Aculospora, and Sclerocystis. The lowest Glomus spore density are present in Fumariapureflora (10.67±15.89).The spore density of AMF had a strong positive correlation with soil PH and carbon is negative correlation with P content of the soil. Thehighest Vesicles are investigated in.Euphorbia heliscopia(14.33±9.5) and lowest in Circium arevesis (3.33±1.53) .Arbuscules was higher in Euphorbia heliscopia (18.67±18.72) and lowest in Circium arvensis (2.00±1.73). Highest External hyphae was found in Silene conidia (4.00±1.73) and lowest in Anagallus arrensis. Internal hyphae were in Rananculas maricates (6.33±5.13) and lowest in Melolotus indica(0.67±0.58). While totally absent in Brassica nigra (Brassicaece).
{"title":"Arbusculer mycorrizal fungal investigation in the weeds of wheat field of Tehsil Tangi, District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.","authors":"Tabassum Yaseen, M. Shah, G. Nawaz","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.846","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation has been make about the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore density in weeds plants with soil selected from the Tehsil Tangi. The spore density was observed in all weeds plants in the host growth stage. The maximum Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) spore density wasfound in Chenopodium album (93.00±74.02) and Scandix iberica (89.00±92.08) at vegetative stage. The Glomus species are dominant in the rhizosporic soil of weeds plants followed in Aculospora, and Sclerocystis. The lowest Glomus spore density are present in Fumariapureflora (10.67±15.89).The spore density of AMF had a strong positive correlation with soil PH and carbon is negative correlation with P content of the soil. Thehighest Vesicles are investigated in.Euphorbia heliscopia(14.33±9.5) and lowest in Circium arevesis (3.33±1.53) .Arbuscules was higher in Euphorbia heliscopia (18.67±18.72) and lowest in Circium arvensis (2.00±1.73). Highest External hyphae was found in Silene conidia (4.00±1.73) and lowest in Anagallus arrensis. Internal hyphae were in Rananculas maricates (6.33±5.13) and lowest in Melolotus indica(0.67±0.58). While totally absent in Brassica nigra (Brassicaece).","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76630083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.851
M. Ilyas
Experiments were conducted at the farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods in bitter gourd. The treatments comprised of four mulches (Rumex crispus, Silybum marianum, news papers, and saw-dust), a herbicide i.e. Stomp 330 EC (pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence, a hand weeding and a control treatment (weedy check). Data were collected on weed biomass, number of plants ha-1 and fruit weight. The parameters were significantly affected by the applied treatments during both the years. Weed biomass in 2012 and 2013 was the highest (2971 and 3595 kg ha-1, respectively in the weedy check treatments and lowest in hand weeded plots (68 and 83 kg ha-1) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Moreover the effect of the mulching treatments and the herbicide treatment were statistically at par with each other and different from the weedy check. The highest number of plants ha-1 (9773 and 8077) and fruit weight plant-1 (756 and 657 g) were recorded in the hand weeded treatments in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Hand weeding was followed by the treatment of Stomp 330 EC with the respective values in the two years as 8834 and 7301 plants ha-1, and 667 and 580 g plant-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the mulching treatments was also significantly more effective than the weedy check plots. Mulches of S. marianum and R. crispus reduced the weed biomass to 1072 and 1615 kg in 2012 and 1297 and 1954 kg in 2013 as compared to the weedy control with weed biomass of 2971 and 3595 kg ha-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The respective no. of plants ha-1 for the mulches of S. marianum and R. crispus were 8548 and 8489 in 2012 and 7065 and 7016 in 2013 whereas and the fruit weight plant-1 was 435 and 396 in 2012 and 378 and 344 g in 2013. Keeping in view the good performance of weed biomass as mulches, the cost of production and the environmental safety, the hand weeding and herbicide use cannot be preferred alone for use as weed management tools. Therefore, the herbicide use and hand weeding should be used only on casual basis or in emergency; and the mulching methods should be adopted in the long run as mulching method is not only good for weed control but also for maintaining the soil fertility, moisture conservation, and environmental safety.
2012年和2013年在白沙瓦农业大学的农场进行了试验，以评估不同的除草方法对苦瓜的效果。这些处理包括四种地膜(羊草、水飞蓟、报纸和锯末)、一种除草剂(即Stomp 330 EC(二甲甲基灵))作为苗头前使用、一种手除草和一种控制处理(杂草检查)。收集了杂草生物量、单株ha-1数和果实重等数据。在这两年中，这些参数都受到施用处理的显著影响。杂草生物量在2012年和2013年以杂草对照处理最高，分别为2971和3595 kg ha-1，以手除草畦最低，分别为68和83 kg ha-1。此外，覆盖处理和除草剂处理的效果在统计学上相当，但与杂草检查不同。2012年和2013年手除草处理的单株数ha-1最高(9773株和8077株)，单株重最高(756株和657 g)。其次是手动除草，2012年和2013年分别为8834株和7301株-1,667株和580 g -1。此外，覆盖处理的效果也显著优于杂草对照。与2012年和2013年分别为2971和3595 kg hm -1的杂草对照相比，2012年和2013年覆盖麻草和羊角草的杂草生物量分别减少了1072和1615 kg和1297和1954 kg。各自的编号。2012年和2013年分别为8548和8489株和7065和7016株，2012年和2013年分别为435和396株和378和344 g。考虑到杂草生物质作为地膜的优良性能、生产成本和环境安全，不能单独使用人工除草和除草剂作为杂草管理工具。因此，除草和手除草只能在临时或紧急情况下使用;长期应采用地膜方法，因为地膜方法不仅有利于杂草控制，而且有利于保持土壤肥力、保墒和环境安全。
{"title":"RESPONSE OF BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia) TO CULTURAL AND CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL METHODS","authors":"M. Ilyas","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.851","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were conducted at the farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the effect of different weed control methods in bitter gourd. The treatments comprised of four mulches (Rumex crispus, Silybum marianum, news papers, and saw-dust), a herbicide i.e. Stomp 330 EC (pendimethalin) applied as pre-emergence, a hand weeding and a control treatment (weedy check). Data were collected on weed biomass, number of plants ha-1 and fruit weight. The parameters were significantly affected by the applied treatments during both the years. Weed biomass in 2012 and 2013 was the highest (2971 and 3595 kg ha-1, respectively in the weedy check treatments and lowest in hand weeded plots (68 and 83 kg ha-1) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Moreover the effect of the mulching treatments and the herbicide treatment were statistically at par with each other and different from the weedy check. The highest number of plants ha-1 (9773 and 8077) and fruit weight plant-1 (756 and 657 g) were recorded in the hand weeded treatments in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Hand weeding was followed by the treatment of Stomp 330 EC with the respective values in the two years as 8834 and 7301 plants ha-1, and 667 and 580 g plant-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Moreover, the performance of the mulching treatments was also significantly more effective than the weedy check plots. Mulches of S. marianum and R. crispus reduced the weed biomass to 1072 and 1615 kg in 2012 and 1297 and 1954 kg in 2013 as compared to the weedy control with weed biomass of 2971 and 3595 kg ha-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The respective no. of plants ha-1 for the mulches of S. marianum and R. crispus were 8548 and 8489 in 2012 and 7065 and 7016 in 2013 whereas and the fruit weight plant-1 was 435 and 396 in 2012 and 378 and 344 g in 2013. Keeping in view the good performance of weed biomass as mulches, the cost of production and the environmental safety, the hand weeding and herbicide use cannot be preferred alone for use as weed management tools. Therefore, the herbicide use and hand weeding should be used only on casual basis or in emergency; and the mulching methods should be adopted in the long run as mulching method is not only good for weed control but also for maintaining the soil fertility, moisture conservation, and environmental safety.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75089463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.845
A. Hazrat
The ethnobotanical uses of medicinal values of plants by inhabitant community were documented in tehsil Uthman Khel district Bajaur. 76 plant species belonged to 47 families of shrubs, wild herbs, mushrooms, trees and vegetables was recorded as a source of medicinal values. These include 74 plants (96%) of angiosperms, 1 (1%) of gymnosperms, 2 (2%) of fungi and 1 (1%) of pteridophytes. Asteraceae is the dominant family having 5 species follows by Brassicaceae and Moraceae each one is represented by 4 species. Among angiosperms 73 (63.01%) was herbs, 20 (27.39%) were trees and 4 (5.47%) was shrubs. The local community is currently using these plant species along with mushrooms for more than one purpose such as medicinal, wood as timber, food for animal and as a fuel. Key words: Ethnobotanical plants, Teshil Utman Khel, Disrict Bajaur, Pakistan
{"title":"ETHNOBOTANICAL USES OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN TEHSIL UTMAN KHEL DISTRICT BAJAUR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN","authors":"A. Hazrat","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i3.845","url":null,"abstract":"The ethnobotanical uses of medicinal values of plants by inhabitant community were documented in tehsil Uthman Khel district Bajaur. 76 plant species belonged to 47 families of shrubs, wild herbs, mushrooms, trees and vegetables was recorded as a source of medicinal values. These include 74 plants (96%) of angiosperms, 1 (1%) of gymnosperms, 2 (2%) of fungi and 1 (1%) of pteridophytes. Asteraceae is the dominant family having 5 species follows by Brassicaceae and Moraceae each one is represented by 4 species. Among angiosperms 73 (63.01%) was herbs, 20 (27.39%) were trees and 4 (5.47%) was shrubs. The local community is currently using these plant species along with mushrooms for more than one purpose such as medicinal, wood as timber, food for animal and as a fuel. Key words: Ethnobotanical plants, Teshil Utman Khel, Disrict Bajaur, Pakistan","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82435495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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