Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.887
H. Khan
Climate change is the principal concern of present day agriculturists, environmental scientists and ecologists. Climate change and its negative impacts is still not fully understood and the concept is still criticized for its validity. The present research work consists of two phases. The first phase analyzed the farmers’ perception of climate change and its likely impact on weeds distribution by conducting a formal survey and in the 2nd phase a laboratory experiment was conducted on Parthenium weed selected from study area in Weed Science Department, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar to correlate the findings of both phasesin July-September, 2016. The field survey was carried out in Jan-May, 2016 in Swabi district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. 100 farmers from the study area were randomly interviewed through a questionnaire comprised of all relevant parameters to assess their perception of climate change and its consequences. Most of the farmers (61%) believed in climate change and its negative consequences and complained of lower efficiency of their farming in the changed scenario. They had noticed climatic variations, for the last 20 years, in the form of summers extension, winters flexion, unexpected and changed pattern of rainfalls (58% responses for increase) with summer rainfalls earlier (68%) and winter rainfalls later (35%), severe and destructive floods (75%), storms or strong winds (77%), hailstorms (67%) and higher insects/ pests attack causing harm to crops (68%), livestock/ animal (64%) and humans. The changed scenario also posed difficulties to farmers in managing agricultural activities like abundance of weed species (62% farmers strongly agreed) especially the invasive ones e.g. Parthenium hysterophorus, Silybam marianum and Rumex crispus etc. They noticed increase in weed species (78%), frequency (69%) and interaction (78%) among native and invasive weeds. These weeds had aggressive (75%) and uncontrollable growth (68%), out competed the crops (82%), and survived longer (55%). From the field study Parthenium weed was concluded (82%) as the most responsive invasive weed to climate change and was selected for lab study. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. The treatments comprised of 5 different temperature regimes of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C in controlled situation in an incubator. The analysis illustrated that high germination % (34.50%) of Parthenium weed seeds occurred at higher temperature (30°C) than optimum (25°C) which was 29.25%, following the same pattern for the growth which remained more (19.75) and (17.45) at higher temperatures of (30°C) and (35°C) respectively than optimum (16.95). The conclusion of lab experiment was that the rise in temperature is favoring the growth of Parthenium weed. This weed is reported in the surveyed area to be highly aggressive and competitive for the indigenous flora expanding its domain in the area.
{"title":"FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND PARTHENIUM WEED DISTRIBUTION IN DISTRICT SWABI, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA","authors":"H. Khan","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.887","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is the principal concern of present day agriculturists, environmental scientists and ecologists. Climate change and its negative impacts is still not fully understood and the concept is still criticized for its validity. The present research work consists of two phases. The first phase analyzed the farmers’ perception of climate change and its likely impact on weeds distribution by conducting a formal survey and in the 2nd phase a laboratory experiment was conducted on Parthenium weed selected from study area in Weed Science Department, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar to correlate the findings of both phasesin July-September, 2016. The field survey was carried out in Jan-May, 2016 in Swabi district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa- Pakistan. 100 farmers from the study area were randomly interviewed through a questionnaire comprised of all relevant parameters to assess their perception of climate change and its consequences. Most of the farmers (61%) believed in climate change and its negative consequences and complained of lower efficiency of their farming in the changed scenario. They had noticed climatic variations, for the last 20 years, in the form of summers extension, winters flexion, unexpected and changed pattern of rainfalls (58% responses for increase) with summer rainfalls earlier (68%) and winter rainfalls later (35%), severe and destructive floods (75%), storms or strong winds (77%), hailstorms (67%) and higher insects/ pests attack causing harm to crops (68%), livestock/ animal (64%) and humans. The changed scenario also posed difficulties to farmers in managing agricultural activities like abundance of weed species (62% farmers strongly agreed) especially the invasive ones e.g. Parthenium hysterophorus, Silybam marianum and Rumex crispus etc. They noticed increase in weed species (78%), frequency (69%) and interaction (78%) among native and invasive weeds. These weeds had aggressive (75%) and uncontrollable growth (68%), out competed the crops (82%), and survived longer (55%). From the field study Parthenium weed was concluded (82%) as the most responsive invasive weed to climate change and was selected for lab study. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications. The treatments comprised of 5 different temperature regimes of 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C in controlled situation in an incubator. The analysis illustrated that high germination % (34.50%) of Parthenium weed seeds occurred at higher temperature (30°C) than optimum (25°C) which was 29.25%, following the same pattern for the growth which remained more (19.75) and (17.45) at higher temperatures of (30°C) and (35°C) respectively than optimum (16.95). The conclusion of lab experiment was that the rise in temperature is favoring the growth of Parthenium weed. This weed is reported in the surveyed area to be highly aggressive and competitive for the indigenous flora expanding its domain in the area.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77518477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1054
Muhammad Mehran Anjum, M. Arif, Bismillah Khan, N. Ali, G. R. Khan
Wheat cultivars can be severely affected by new race of leaf and stripe rust which possessing Yr27 resistance gene in Pakistan and worldwide during previous four years. Thus, great importance could be given to develop new wheat cultivar that could resist leaf and stripe rust diseases. Yellow rust disease is caused by certain pathogens like basidiomycete fungus Puccina striiformis Westend f. species tritici Eriks, it is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat in Pakistan and worldwide. Two years experiments were conducted in Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan to evaluate the potential response of wheat hybrid lines (18A-1 and 18A-2) in comparison with local check (Ghaneemat-2016) against yellow rust disease.Results exhibited that wheat hybrid 18A-1 depicted resistant (R) with coefficient of infection (CI) of 0.1. Hybrid wheat 18A-2 showed host reaction (10MR) with coefficient of infection (4.0). Contrary to this, local wheat variety (Ghaneemat-2016) showed moderate susceptibility (30MS) type of host reaction with 24 CI value during season 2018-19. A moderate resistant (MR) type of host reaction with CI (16.0) was observed for local variety (Ghaneemat-2016) during season 2019-20. Among wheat hybrids 18A-2 depicted no visible infection while 18A-1 exposed resistant 1R type of host reaction with CI (0.2) during 2019-20.Chinese wheat hybrids have the high potential to resist against yellow rust as compared with local check variety. Higher weeds density, fresh and dry weeds density increased by increasing irrigation frequencyfor local check Ghaneemat-2016 when sown early (15th November). Conclusively, from the study it is statedin wheat breeding program, identification of molecular markers facilitates the marker assisted selection of the resistance genes against yellow rust diseases, furthermore molecular markers should be used for marker assisted permitted that efficiently screening the large population.
{"title":"RECALCITRANCE POTENTIAL OF WHEAT HYBRIDS AND LOCAL CULTIVAR AGAINST YELLOW RUST DISEASE AND WEEDS DENSITY UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITION OF PESHAWAR, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA","authors":"Muhammad Mehran Anjum, M. Arif, Bismillah Khan, N. Ali, G. R. Khan","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1054","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat cultivars can be severely affected by new race of leaf and stripe rust which possessing Yr27 resistance gene in Pakistan and worldwide during previous four years. Thus, great importance could be given to develop new wheat cultivar that could resist leaf and stripe rust diseases. Yellow rust disease is caused by certain pathogens like basidiomycete fungus Puccina striiformis Westend f. species tritici Eriks, it is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat in Pakistan and worldwide. Two years experiments were conducted in Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan to evaluate the potential response of wheat hybrid lines (18A-1 and 18A-2) in comparison with local check (Ghaneemat-2016) against yellow rust disease.Results exhibited that wheat hybrid 18A-1 depicted resistant (R) with coefficient of infection (CI) of 0.1. Hybrid wheat 18A-2 showed host reaction (10MR) with coefficient of infection (4.0). Contrary to this, local wheat variety (Ghaneemat-2016) showed moderate susceptibility (30MS) type of host reaction with 24 CI value during season 2018-19. A moderate resistant (MR) type of host reaction with CI (16.0) was observed for local variety (Ghaneemat-2016) during season 2019-20. Among wheat hybrids 18A-2 depicted no visible infection while 18A-1 exposed resistant 1R type of host reaction with CI (0.2) during 2019-20.Chinese wheat hybrids have the high potential to resist against yellow rust as compared with local check variety. Higher weeds density, fresh and dry weeds density increased by increasing irrigation frequencyfor local check Ghaneemat-2016 when sown early (15th November). Conclusively, from the study it is statedin wheat breeding program, identification of molecular markers facilitates the marker assisted selection of the resistance genes against yellow rust diseases, furthermore molecular markers should be used for marker assisted permitted that efficiently screening the large population.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85456158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1053
Javaid Hassan, Anwar Zaman, Navid Iqbal, H. Ali, Amir Muhammad khan, Z. Hussain, Aziz Sheikh
This study had been conducted in north eastern area of Pakistan, Baltistan region constituting the larger portion of Kashmir region. Which is one of the moist zone of the western Himalayas. While growing fruit point of view the land is suitable for fruit like apples, plum, cherry and apricot production. Climatically Baltistan region soils have recognized as best for quality cherry production. However, limited information is available about the existing soil fertility status and fruit quality of cherry orchards. Soil fertility evaluation is a key factor towards sustainable fruit production of cherry orchard soils. Improvement of soil productivity and fruit quality depends on the knowledge of the soil fertility. Therefore, study was designed to investigate the soil fertility status of cherry orchards of District Skardu, Kharmang, Shigar, and Ganache. Soil samples were evaluated for pH, EC, Organic matter, Texture, N, P, K, and micronutrients. While leaf and fruits samples were analyzed for N, P, K and pH, TSS, TA, Ascorbic acid, and Sugar contents respectively. Results revealed that the soil samples were slightly alkaline and non-saline sandy loam and sandy clay loam texture with adequate organic matter ranging from 1.19-2.15%, Low to marginal (NO3-N), low extractable P, and marginal to adequate K with high micronutrients concentrations (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn). While leaf samples showed marginal to high N, low P, and K and sufficient to high micronutrients. The parameters of fruit samples were in the optimum range with a yield of 5-50 Kgplant-1.
{"title":"A CASE STUDY OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHERRY (Prunus serotina), ORCHARD SOILS AND FRUIT QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BALTISTAN REGION","authors":"Javaid Hassan, Anwar Zaman, Navid Iqbal, H. Ali, Amir Muhammad khan, Z. Hussain, Aziz Sheikh","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1053","url":null,"abstract":"This study had been conducted in north eastern area of Pakistan, Baltistan region constituting the larger portion of Kashmir region. Which is one of the moist zone of the western Himalayas. While growing fruit point of view the land is suitable for fruit like apples, plum, cherry and apricot production. Climatically Baltistan region soils have recognized as best for quality cherry production. However, limited information is available about the existing soil fertility status and fruit quality of cherry orchards. Soil fertility evaluation is a key factor towards sustainable fruit production of cherry orchard soils. Improvement of soil productivity and fruit quality depends on the knowledge of the soil fertility. Therefore, study was designed to investigate the soil fertility status of cherry orchards of District Skardu, Kharmang, Shigar, and Ganache. Soil samples were evaluated for pH, EC, Organic matter, Texture, N, P, K, and micronutrients. While leaf and fruits samples were analyzed for N, P, K and pH, TSS, TA, Ascorbic acid, and Sugar contents respectively. Results revealed that the soil samples were slightly alkaline and non-saline sandy loam and sandy clay loam texture with adequate organic matter ranging from 1.19-2.15%, Low to marginal (NO3-N), low extractable P, and marginal to adequate K with high micronutrients concentrations (Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn). While leaf samples showed marginal to high N, low P, and K and sufficient to high micronutrients. The parameters of fruit samples were in the optimum range with a yield of 5-50 Kgplant-1.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74207796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1068
Anwar Zaman, H. Ali, Javaid Hassan, A. Khan, Navid Iqbal, F. M. Khan, Ijaz Ahmad, M. Fawad, Irfan Ullah, N. Ali
Phosphorus (P) is one of the major essential macronutrients for plants, applied to soil in the form of phosphatic fertilizers and organic manures. The application of PSB to soils can replace or partially reduce use of inorganic P fertilizers and could be one of the cost effective, highly efficient, and sustainable approaches to conserve P resources. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PSB in phosphorus (P) availability from organic, mineral and natural sources. For this purpose, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was consisting of four sources of P [poultry manure (PM), farm yard manure (FYM), rock phosphate (RP) and single supper phosphate (SSP)] for obtaining 45 mg P2O5 kg-1 and two types of inoculation (control and PSB) arranged in two factorial complete randomized design with three replications. Resultantly, PSB inoculation significantly improved. P availability at all incubation interval except day zero. A 3.4%, 5.4%, 12% and 16 % increased were observed in P as compared to control, at day 7, 14, 28 and 56 respectively. Similarly, significant differences were observed in P release for P sources at all incubation intervals. Initially higher P release was observed for SSP but at day 14 onward PM and FYM proved to be the best P releasable sources as compared to mineral P sources. RP released the lowest P at all incubation intervals however it performed statistically at par to SSP at 56 days. The significant interactive effect of P sources and PSB at day 28 and 56 demonstrated that soil receiving P from organic sources inoculated with PSB released higher P than other treatments combination. Thus, it is suggested that P must be applied from organic P sources (PM and FYM) along with PSB inoculation for better P nutrition and crop yield.
{"title":"Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) Improve Phosphorus Availability from Various Sources in Alkaline Soils","authors":"Anwar Zaman, H. Ali, Javaid Hassan, A. Khan, Navid Iqbal, F. M. Khan, Ijaz Ahmad, M. Fawad, Irfan Ullah, N. Ali","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1068","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is one of the major essential macronutrients for plants, applied to soil in the form of phosphatic fertilizers and organic manures. The application of PSB to soils can replace or partially reduce use of inorganic P fertilizers and could be one of the cost effective, highly efficient, and sustainable approaches to conserve P resources. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of PSB in phosphorus (P) availability from organic, mineral and natural sources. For this purpose, a laboratory incubation experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture Peshawar. The experiment was consisting of four sources of P [poultry manure (PM), farm yard manure (FYM), rock phosphate (RP) and single supper phosphate (SSP)] for obtaining 45 mg P2O5 kg-1 and two types of inoculation (control and PSB) arranged in two factorial complete randomized design with three replications. Resultantly, PSB inoculation significantly improved. P availability at all incubation interval except day zero. A 3.4%, 5.4%, 12% and 16 % increased were observed in P as compared to control, at day 7, 14, 28 and 56 respectively. Similarly, significant differences were observed in P release for P sources at all incubation intervals. Initially higher P release was observed for SSP but at day 14 onward PM and FYM proved to be the best P releasable sources as compared to mineral P sources. RP released the lowest P at all incubation intervals however it performed statistically at par to SSP at 56 days. The significant interactive effect of P sources and PSB at day 28 and 56 demonstrated that soil receiving P from organic sources inoculated with PSB released higher P than other treatments combination. Thus, it is suggested that P must be applied from organic P sources (PM and FYM) along with PSB inoculation for better P nutrition and crop yield.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84309359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1067
Syed Inzimam Ul Haq
Lentil yield is very poor in rainfed areas of pothwar due to non-availability of improved/recommended lentil varieties compatible to some specific rhizobial inoculants along the site-specific production technology. Therefore, to study the effect of inoculating lentil varieties with different Rhizobium strains on lentil yield and quality, pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of University Research Farm, Koont, Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Five lentil varieties (NIAB Masoor-2016, NIAB Masoor-2006, Markaz-09, Punjab Masoor-09, Punjab-11) and five rhizobial strains (RSâ‚’ (control), RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, RS-4) were used. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorial arrangement and four replications. All the agronomic recommendations were applied as such. Data regarding crop growth, yield and nodulation were collected during the experimentation. Maximum Germination % was recorded.
{"title":"INTERACTION OF COMPATIBLE RHIZOBIAL STRAINS WITH LENTIL VARIETIES IMPROVES SEED YIELD AND QUALITY","authors":"Syed Inzimam Ul Haq","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1067","url":null,"abstract":"Lentil yield is very poor in rainfed areas of pothwar due to non-availability of improved/recommended lentil varieties compatible to some specific rhizobial inoculants along the site-specific production technology. Therefore, to study the effect of inoculating lentil varieties with different Rhizobium strains on lentil yield and quality, pot experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of University Research Farm, Koont, Chakwal Road, Rawalpindi during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Five lentil varieties (NIAB Masoor-2016, NIAB Masoor-2006, Markaz-09, Punjab Masoor-09, Punjab-11) and five rhizobial strains (RSâ‚’ (control), RS-1, RS-2, RS-3, RS-4) were used. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorial arrangement and four replications. All the agronomic recommendations were applied as such. Data regarding crop growth, yield and nodulation were collected during the experimentation. Maximum Germination % was recorded.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79879082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1045
B. Khan, R. Maqbool, M. Nadeem, I. Anwar, M. Javaid, A. Jabbar, M. Amin
The present study was planned to identify the phenolic compounds and allelopathic effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra on germination and seedling growth Phalaris minor at Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during winter 2018. The experiments were laid out under a completely randomized design (CRD), having three replicates. In this study seven different concentrations of G. glabra aqueous extracts (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%) applied on winter weed P. minor. Data on regarding germination percentage (%), mean Germination time (days), time to 50% germination, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight was recorded following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using Fishers Analysis of Variance. The differences among treatments were separated using a least significant difference test (LSD). Results of experiment revealed that maximum germination percentage (%), Mean Germination time (Days), Time to 50% germination and minimum, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight of p. minor was recorded at 80 % concentration of G. glabra. From the present study, it is concluded that there are phenolic compounds in the wood extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra which cause allelopathic effects on P. minor.
{"title":"IDENTIFICATIONS OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF Glycyrrhiza glabra ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH Phalaris minor","authors":"B. Khan, R. Maqbool, M. Nadeem, I. Anwar, M. Javaid, A. Jabbar, M. Amin","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1045","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was planned to identify the phenolic compounds and allelopathic effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra on germination and seedling growth Phalaris minor at Weed Science Laboratory, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during winter 2018. The experiments were laid out under a completely randomized design (CRD), having three replicates. In this study seven different concentrations of G. glabra aqueous extracts (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 80%) applied on winter weed P. minor. Data on regarding germination percentage (%), mean Germination time (days), time to 50% germination, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight was recorded following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using Fishers Analysis of Variance. The differences among treatments were separated using a least significant difference test (LSD). Results of experiment revealed that maximum germination percentage (%), Mean Germination time (Days), Time to 50% germination and minimum, root length (mm), shoot length (mm), root fresh weight (mg), shoot fresh weight of p. minor was recorded at 80 % concentration of G. glabra. From the present study, it is concluded that there are phenolic compounds in the wood extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra which cause allelopathic effects on P. minor.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74650704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1057
H. Javeed
Salinity and heavy metal stresses are great hindrances to germination and the early developmentof plants. Nickel (Ni) is an indispensable micronutrient for plants at low while toxic in highconcentrations. Citrullus colocynth L. is a medicinal cucurbit weed in desert and agriculturalareas. Germination and early development of seedlings determine the future of the plant. Thecontemporary target of the study is to appraise the influence of single and combined stresses byvarying concentrations of NaCl and NiCl 2 on germination and seedlings of C. colocynth.Germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlingsof C. colocynth with three levels of salt (100mM, 200mM and 400mMNaCl), three levels ofheavy metal (50, 100, 200uMNiCl 2 ) and Nine combined levels(100mMNaCl +50uM NiCl 2 ),(200mMNaCl +50 uMNiCl 2 ) (400mMNaCl +50uM NiCl 2 ) (100mMNaCl +100uMNiCl 2 )(200mM NaCl +100uM NiCl 2 ) (400mMNaCl +100uMNiCl 2 ) (100mMNaCl +200uMNiCl 2 )(200mMNaCl +200 uMNiCl 2 ) (400mMNaCl +200uMNiCl 2 ) were studied. This experiment wasconceded out in a completely randomized design with four replications. The responses showedan adverse trend with increasing stress levels. Germination and seedling growth factors declinedunder high-stress levels of salt (400mM NaCl), high HM (200 uM NiCl 2 ), and combined highsalt or high HM but positively improved on lower salt(100mMNaCl), lower HM (50uMNiCl 2 )and combined lower salt with lower HM (100mMNaCl+50uMNiCl 2 ).
{"title":"RESPONSE OF Citrullus colocynthis L. TO SINGLE AND COMBINED STRESSES OF SALINITY (NaCl) AND HEAVY METAL (NiCl 2 )","authors":"H. Javeed","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1057","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity and heavy metal stresses are great hindrances to germination and the early developmentof plants. Nickel (Ni) is an indispensable micronutrient for plants at low while toxic in highconcentrations. Citrullus colocynth L. is a medicinal cucurbit weed in desert and agriculturalareas. Germination and early development of seedlings determine the future of the plant. Thecontemporary target of the study is to appraise the influence of single and combined stresses byvarying concentrations of NaCl and NiCl 2 on germination and seedlings of C. colocynth.Germination percentage, radicle length, plumule length, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlingsof C. colocynth with three levels of salt (100mM, 200mM and 400mMNaCl), three levels ofheavy metal (50, 100, 200uMNiCl 2 ) and Nine combined levels(100mMNaCl +50uM NiCl 2 ),(200mMNaCl +50 uMNiCl 2 ) (400mMNaCl +50uM NiCl 2 ) (100mMNaCl +100uMNiCl 2 )(200mM NaCl +100uM NiCl 2 ) (400mMNaCl +100uMNiCl 2 ) (100mMNaCl +200uMNiCl 2 )(200mMNaCl +200 uMNiCl 2 ) (400mMNaCl +200uMNiCl 2 ) were studied. This experiment wasconceded out in a completely randomized design with four replications. The responses showedan adverse trend with increasing stress levels. Germination and seedling growth factors declinedunder high-stress levels of salt (400mM NaCl), high HM (200 uM NiCl 2 ), and combined highsalt or high HM but positively improved on lower salt(100mMNaCl), lower HM (50uMNiCl 2 )and combined lower salt with lower HM (100mMNaCl+50uMNiCl 2 ).","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84117416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1069
S. Naveed, Farhana Hussain
One of the biggest threats to the increasing population of plants life is different stresses such as abiotic, comprising ultraviolet light and high temperature. Among these abiotic stresses, salt stress is considered as the most effective stress , causing 20% loss of crop yeild all-over the world.It has been reported that plant derived smoke (PDS) contain some biologically active product or stimulating agents which help in stimlating seed germination and increasing other morphological parameters of crops like plmule/radical length biomass of seedlings under salt stress conditions. To understand the role of salt stress and PDS solution, we performed invitro experiments to analyze the morphological aspects of wheat and Maize germination and post-germination growth under application of salt solutions. The Petri dishes culture experiment was conducted, whose design was completely randomized with five replicas and one control. Var Wadan and Azam varieties of wheat and Maize seeds, respectively, were used as test species and cymbopogan jawarancusa was used for smoke derivetion. Nine different concentration solutions of salt and smoke were applied on seeds to check the inhibitory and stimulatory potentials of salt and smoke, correspondingly. Different concentration solutions are 100mM NaCl, 150mMNacl, 200mM NaCl, 500ppm PDS, 1000ppm PDS, 2000ppm PDS, 100+500 (NaCl and PDS), 150+1000 (NaCl and PDS), 200+2000 (NaCl and PDS). Different parameters i.e., Germination%, plmule length (cm), Radical length (cm), Fresh weight (gm), Dry weight (gm), Moisture content (%) were selected for obtaining data. Basic method was used to record the data on the selected parameters. Result of experiment showed that Salinity affected all the selected parameters significantly. The significance of data was checked by using LSD test at alpha level 0.05, 0.01, 0.001.The morphological parameters of wheat and maize are badly effected under salt stress at 150 and 200 mM concentration. On the other hand, PDS significantly increased the germination rate and plmule, radical length was also increased due to some stimulatory agents. So under 2000 ppm PDS the seed germination rate and other morphological parameters are significantly enhanced. Another interesting thing, PDS at 1000, 2000 ppm concentration have the restoring ability of seeds germination under salt stress condition, suggesting that PDS has a metigatory potential by improving morphological parameters under 150- and 200-mM salt stress.
{"title":"Morphological responses of wheat and maize to plant derived smoke solution under salt stress","authors":"S. Naveed, Farhana Hussain","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1069","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest threats to the increasing population of plants life is different stresses such as abiotic, comprising ultraviolet light and high temperature. Among these abiotic stresses, salt stress is considered as the most effective stress , causing 20% loss of crop yeild all-over the world.It has been reported that plant derived smoke (PDS) contain some biologically active product or stimulating agents which help in stimlating seed germination and increasing other morphological parameters of crops like plmule/radical length biomass of seedlings under salt stress conditions. To understand the role of salt stress and PDS solution, we performed invitro experiments to analyze the morphological aspects of wheat and Maize germination and post-germination growth under application of salt solutions. The Petri dishes culture experiment was conducted, whose design was completely randomized with five replicas and one control. Var Wadan and Azam varieties of wheat and Maize seeds, respectively, were used as test species and cymbopogan jawarancusa was used for smoke derivetion. Nine different concentration solutions of salt and smoke were applied on seeds to check the inhibitory and stimulatory potentials of salt and smoke, correspondingly. Different concentration solutions are 100mM NaCl, 150mMNacl, 200mM NaCl, 500ppm PDS, 1000ppm PDS, 2000ppm PDS, 100+500 (NaCl and PDS), 150+1000 (NaCl and PDS), 200+2000 (NaCl and PDS). Different parameters i.e., Germination%, plmule length (cm), Radical length (cm), Fresh weight (gm), Dry weight (gm), Moisture content (%) were selected for obtaining data. Basic method was used to record the data on the selected parameters. Result of experiment showed that Salinity affected all the selected parameters significantly. The significance of data was checked by using LSD test at alpha level 0.05, 0.01, 0.001.The morphological parameters of wheat and maize are badly effected under salt stress at 150 and 200 mM concentration. On the other hand, PDS significantly increased the germination rate and plmule, radical length was also increased due to some stimulatory agents. So under 2000 ppm PDS the seed germination rate and other morphological parameters are significantly enhanced. Another interesting thing, PDS at 1000, 2000 ppm concentration have the restoring ability of seeds germination under salt stress condition, suggesting that PDS has a metigatory potential by improving morphological parameters under 150- and 200-mM salt stress.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83048213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1072
Nadeem Shad, A. Javaid, Q. Kanwal
Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J. F. Gmelin is a halophytic weed of family Amaranthaceae (previously in Chenopodiaceae) that covers vast stretches of salty alluvial flats on drier sites and coastal belts in Pakistan. In this study, mature plants of S. fruticosa were collected from district D.G. Khan during May 2021. After shade drying, the roots were crushed thoroughly and 5 g material was soaked in methanol for 2 weeks. After filtration, GC-MS analysis of the extract was done that showed presence of 14 compounds in the extract. Major compounds in the root were n-hexadecanoic acid (16.70%), oleic acid (16.39%), dodecanoic acid (15.68%) and dihydroxymaleic acid (15.58%). Other compounds were erythritol (6.31%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (6.01%), tetradecanoic acid (4.78%), 1,2-ethanediamine, N-ethyl-N'-methyl- (3.46%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (3.66%), 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (2.85%), 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl (2.44%), 2-oxo-3-methyl-cis-perhydro-1,3-benzoxazine (2.24%), cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- (2.13%), and 1-hexadecanol (1.73%). Compounds present in roots of S. fruticosa are known to possess antifungal, antibacterial, nematicidal, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
suedada fruticosa Forssk。Gmelin是苋科的一种盐生杂草(以前在Chenopodiaceae中)，覆盖了巴基斯坦干旱地区和沿海地带的大片含盐冲积平原。在本研究中，于2021年5月在D.G. Khan地区采集了金丝桃的成熟植株。遮荫干燥后，将根彻底粉碎，5 g材料在甲醇中浸泡2周。过滤后，对提取物进行GC-MS分析，发现提取物中存在14种化合物。根中主要化合物为正十六酸(16.70%)、油酸(16.39%)、十二酸(15.68%)和二羟基马来酸(15.58%)。其他化合物依次为赤藓糖醇(6.31%)、10-十八烯酸甲酯(6.01%)、十四烷酸(4.78%)、1,2-乙二胺、n-乙基- n '-甲基-(3.46%)、五烷酸- 14-甲基-甲酯(3.66%)、8,11-十八烯二酸甲酯(2.85%)、2,4,6-环庚二烯-1- 1,3,5 -二-三甲基硅基(2.44%)、2-氧-3-甲基顺式过氢-1,3-苯并恶嗪(2.24%)、环三硅氧烷-六甲基-(2.13%)和1-十六烷醇(1.73%)。已知存在于金银花根中的化合物具有抗真菌、抗菌、杀线虫、抗菌、抗癌、抗糖尿病、抗炎和抗氧化特性。
{"title":"ANTIFUNGAL AND OTHER BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS IN ROOTS OF A HALOPHYTIC WEED Suaeda fruticosa","authors":"Nadeem Shad, A. Javaid, Q. Kanwal","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1072","url":null,"abstract":"Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J. F. Gmelin is a halophytic weed of family Amaranthaceae (previously in Chenopodiaceae) that covers vast stretches of salty alluvial flats on drier sites and coastal belts in Pakistan. In this study, mature plants of S. fruticosa were collected from district D.G. Khan during May 2021. After shade drying, the roots were crushed thoroughly and 5 g material was soaked in methanol for 2 weeks. After filtration, GC-MS analysis of the extract was done that showed presence of 14 compounds in the extract. Major compounds in the root were n-hexadecanoic acid (16.70%), oleic acid (16.39%), dodecanoic acid (15.68%) and dihydroxymaleic acid (15.58%). Other compounds were erythritol (6.31%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (6.01%), tetradecanoic acid (4.78%), 1,2-ethanediamine, N-ethyl-N'-methyl- (3.46%), pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester (3.66%), 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (2.85%), 2,4,6-cycloheptatrien-1-one, 3,5-bis-trimethylsilyl (2.44%), 2-oxo-3-methyl-cis-perhydro-1,3-benzoxazine (2.24%), cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl- (2.13%), and 1-hexadecanol (1.73%). Compounds present in roots of S. fruticosa are known to possess antifungal, antibacterial, nematicidal, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87860162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1024
Rida Pasha, Syeda Hafsa Ali, Syeda Ayesha Ali, Rabail Mehak
Weeds are undesirable and unpleasant plants with robust growth. Around 18,000 weed species outcast native biodiversity and responsible for tremendous economic losses. Plants were used to treat numerous ailments since ancient times. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global health problem, where approximately 700,000 people lose their life each year from AMR infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Biogenic silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacterial strain has not been reported previously. This study aims to elucidate lowest biogenic Alkanna tinctoria mediated silver nanoparticles dose to treat bacterial infections. Qualitative phytochemical analysis performed using standard tests. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized visually, UV–Vis spectroscopy and using X-ray diffraction. Minimum inhibitory concentration of biogenic silver nanoparticles was tested against gram positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Alkanna tinctoria leave were positive for alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, amino acids, and fixed oil. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were in range of 60 to 73nm. Silver nanoparticles significantly affected E. coli as compared to S. aureus. The MIC for E. coli was recorded as 46.87 μg/mL and 93.75 μg/mL was effective against S.aureus. Search of naive plants as novel therapeutic agents along with nanotechnology can bring revolution in the field of drug development and medical sciences.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING LOW DOSE OF WEED MEDIATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA","authors":"Rida Pasha, Syeda Hafsa Ali, Syeda Ayesha Ali, Rabail Mehak","doi":"10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v28i3.1024","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds are undesirable and unpleasant plants with robust growth. Around 18,000 weed species outcast native biodiversity and responsible for tremendous economic losses. Plants were used to treat numerous ailments since ancient times. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global health problem, where approximately 700,000 people lose their life each year from AMR infections. Minimum inhibitory concentration of Biogenic silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacterial strain has not been reported previously. This study aims to elucidate lowest biogenic Alkanna tinctoria mediated silver nanoparticles dose to treat bacterial infections. Qualitative phytochemical analysis performed using standard tests. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized visually, UV–Vis spectroscopy and using X-ray diffraction. Minimum inhibitory concentration of biogenic silver nanoparticles was tested against gram positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (E. coli). Alkanna tinctoria leave were positive for alkaloids, carbohydrate, saponins, amino acids, and fixed oil. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were in range of 60 to 73nm. Silver nanoparticles significantly affected E. coli as compared to S. aureus. The MIC for E. coli was recorded as 46.87 μg/mL and 93.75 μg/mL was effective against S.aureus. Search of naive plants as novel therapeutic agents along with nanotechnology can bring revolution in the field of drug development and medical sciences.","PeriodicalId":17469,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89926018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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