Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.19106/jmedsci005203202001
Maya Dian Rakhmawatie, Mustofa, E. N. Sholikhah
Ciprofloxacin is recommended for complicated urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens included Escherichia coli. However, its optimum dose for UTIs remains uncertain that may cause the bacterial resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ciprofloxacin concentrations on the resistance of E. coli. The in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models of ciprofloxacin 750 mg oral dose twice a day for one daywas compared to that dose of 500 mg twice a day for three days.Pharmacokinetic parameters i.e.AUC0-24 and Cmax. and pharmacodynamic parameter i.e. MIC of ciprofloxacin against E. coli which previously had MIC of 0.5 µg/mL were determined. The PK/PD parameters combination of ciprofloxacin included AUC0-24/MIC, Cmax/MIC, and T>MIC ratio were used to evaluate its antimicrobial activities which was measured based on kill and re-growth rates of bacterial colony after the ciprofloxacin administration. The result showed that MIC value against E. coli increase to 8-16 and 32-64 µg/mL after ciprofloxacin 750 and 500 mg administration, respectively, indicating the emergence of resistance. Both doses of ciprofloxacin were able to reduce the number of bacterial colony in the first two hours administration. However, after two hours administration, those both doses could make re-growth of bacterial colony. The value of AUC0-24/MIC (120.42±1.27 vs.92.62±9.36), Cmax/MIC (4.75±0.21 vs. 3.26±0.30), and (T>MIC 89.58±7.22 vs. 76.39±9.39) after ciprofloxacin administration at dose of 750 mg were higher than those at dose of 500 mg. The increase of AUC0-24/MIC and Cmax/MIC values could reduce the number of bacteria colony, however could not for T>MIC value. In conclusion, the AUC0-24/MIC and Cmax/MIC parameters of ciprofloxacincan be used to evaluate its activity. In addition, ciprofloxacin twice per day at dose 500 mg for three days and 750 mg for one day are not different in the inhibition of E. coli resistance emergence.
环丙沙星推荐用于由多重耐药病原菌(包括大肠杆菌)引起的复杂尿路感染。然而，其治疗尿路感染的最佳剂量仍不确定，这可能导致细菌耐药性。本研究旨在评价环丙沙星浓度对大肠杆菌耐药性的影响。采用体外药代动力学/药效学(PK/PD)模型对口服750mg / 2次/ d的环丙沙星与口服500mg / 2次/ d的环丙沙星进行比较。药代动力学参数auc0 -24和Cmax。测定了原MIC为0.5µg/mL的环丙沙星对大肠杆菌的药效学参数MIC。采用环丙沙星的PK/PD参数组合AUC0-24/MIC、Cmax/MIC和t> MIC比值，以环丙沙星给药后菌落的杀伤率和再生长率为指标评价其抗菌活性。结果表明，环丙沙星给药750 mg和500 mg后，对大肠杆菌的MIC值分别升高至8-16µg/mL和32-64µg/mL，提示出现耐药性。两种剂量的环丙沙星都能在给药前两小时内减少细菌菌落的数量。然而，在给药两小时后，这两种剂量都可以使细菌菌落重新生长。750 mg环丙沙星组AUC0-24/MIC值(120.42±1.27 vs.92.62±9.36)、Cmax/MIC值(4.75±0.21 vs. 3.26±0.30)、t> MIC值(89.58±7.22 vs. 76.39±9.39)均高于500 mg组。AUC0-24/MIC和Cmax/MIC值的增加可以减少菌落数量，但对t> MIC值没有影响。综上所述，环丙沙星的AUC0-24/MIC和Cmax/MIC参数可用于评价其活性。此外，环丙沙星每日两次，剂量为500毫克，连续3天，750毫克，连续1天，在抑制大肠杆菌耐药性出现方面没有差异。
{"title":"Effects of ciprofloxacin concentrations on the resistance of uropathogen Escherichia coli: in vitro kinetics and dynamics simulation model","authors":"Maya Dian Rakhmawatie, Mustofa, E. N. Sholikhah","doi":"10.19106/jmedsci005203202001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005203202001","url":null,"abstract":"Ciprofloxacin is recommended for complicated urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens included Escherichia coli. However, its optimum dose for UTIs remains uncertain that may cause the bacterial resistance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ciprofloxacin concentrations on the resistance of E. coli. The in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models of ciprofloxacin 750 mg oral dose twice a day for one daywas compared to that dose of 500 mg twice a day for three days.Pharmacokinetic parameters i.e.AUC0-24 and Cmax. and pharmacodynamic parameter i.e. MIC of ciprofloxacin against E. coli which previously had MIC of 0.5 µg/mL were determined. The PK/PD parameters combination of ciprofloxacin included AUC0-24/MIC, Cmax/MIC, and T>MIC ratio were used to evaluate its antimicrobial activities which was measured based on kill and re-growth rates of bacterial colony after the ciprofloxacin administration. The result showed that MIC value against E. coli increase to 8-16 and 32-64 µg/mL after ciprofloxacin 750 and 500 mg administration, respectively, indicating the emergence of resistance. Both doses of ciprofloxacin were able to reduce the number of bacterial colony in the first two hours administration. However, after two hours administration, those both doses could make re-growth of bacterial colony. The value of AUC0-24/MIC (120.42±1.27 vs.92.62±9.36), Cmax/MIC (4.75±0.21 vs. 3.26±0.30), and (T>MIC 89.58±7.22 vs. 76.39±9.39) after ciprofloxacin administration at dose of 750 mg were higher than those at dose of 500 mg. The increase of AUC0-24/MIC and Cmax/MIC values could reduce the number of bacteria colony, however could not for T>MIC value. In conclusion, the AUC0-24/MIC and Cmax/MIC parameters of ciprofloxacincan be used to evaluate its activity. In addition, ciprofloxacin twice per day at dose 500 mg for three days and 750 mg for one day are not different in the inhibition of E. coli resistance emergence.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91494995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.19106/jmedsci005203202009
S. T. Dewi, H. Soebono
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which has been identified as the cause of the recently emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory-related infectious disease, in late 2019. As of May 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people with almost 300.000 deaths worldwide only within few months since its first case was reported. While this infection mostly results in mild diseases, the increasing number of severe cases and deaths cannot be overlooked. Due to its novelty, many facets of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are not well understood. This review presents updated knowledge on the key virus characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and critical notes in the pathogenesis of this viral infection in human that is currently proposed to largely involve various aspects of the host immune responses. While the immediate impact of viral infection in the target cells contributes to the development of the disease, the ability of the virus to modify the host responses may result in the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, which commonly manifest in the severe spectrum of the disease. Having deep understanding on this complex process is central for tailoring appropriate management for the infected patients as well as for developing effective preventive measures, most importantly vaccine, which is hoped to occur in the near future.
{"title":"Immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a concise update","authors":"S. T. Dewi, H. Soebono","doi":"10.19106/jmedsci005203202009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005203202009","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which has been identified as the cause of the recently emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory-related infectious disease, in late 2019. As of May 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions of people with almost 300.000 deaths worldwide only within few months since its first case was reported. While this infection mostly results in mild diseases, the increasing number of severe cases and deaths cannot be overlooked. Due to its novelty, many facets of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are not well understood. This review presents updated knowledge on the key virus characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and critical notes in the pathogenesis of this viral infection in human that is currently proposed to largely involve various aspects of the host immune responses. While the immediate impact of viral infection in the target cells contributes to the development of the disease, the ability of the virus to modify the host responses may result in the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, which commonly manifest in the severe spectrum of the disease. Having deep understanding on this complex process is central for tailoring appropriate management for the infected patients as well as for developing effective preventive measures, most importantly vaccine, which is hoped to occur in the near future.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87147857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-02DOI: 10.19106/jmedsci005203202010
Anton Haryono, Rery Budiarti, Muyassaroh
Dysphagia can be caused by mechanic or neurologic disorders. Neurologic dysphagia is commonly related to cerebrovascular disease, parkinson disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, tardive dyskinesia, and myasthenia gravis (MG). About 15-40% dysphagia occurred in MG generalized type. Only 6% MG with dysphagia were reported as a single symptom. The case reports aimed to demonstrate the role of otolaryngologist in multidisciplinary approach of the MG management. Two cases of MG were reported. First case was a 33 years old woman with moderate MG generalized type with ocular, dysphagia, and disarthria symptoms and second case was a 46 years old man with acute severe MG with crisis. Management therapy was applied according to onset and severity of MG. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and corticosteroid were administered for the first case, whereas therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for second case. In conclusion, disfagia in MG can be accompanied with other symptom, therefore its management should be based on the severity in order to give a positive result.
{"title":"Dysphagia as presenting symptom of myasthenia gravis : a case series of successful outcome in multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Anton Haryono, Rery Budiarti, Muyassaroh","doi":"10.19106/jmedsci005203202010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005203202010","url":null,"abstract":"Dysphagia can be caused by mechanic or neurologic disorders. Neurologic dysphagia is commonly related to cerebrovascular disease, parkinson disease, amyotropic lateral sclerosis, tardive dyskinesia, and myasthenia gravis (MG). About 15-40% dysphagia occurred in MG generalized type. Only 6% MG with dysphagia were reported as a single symptom. The case reports aimed to demonstrate the role of otolaryngologist in multidisciplinary approach of the MG management. Two cases of MG were reported. First case was a 33 years old woman with moderate MG generalized type with ocular, dysphagia, and disarthria symptoms and second case was a 46 years old man with acute severe MG with crisis. Management therapy was applied according to onset and severity of MG. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and corticosteroid were administered for the first case, whereas therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for second case. In conclusion, disfagia in MG can be accompanied with other symptom, therefore its management should be based on the severity in order to give a positive result.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86373794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-01DOI: 10.19106/jmedscisi005203202013
Santy Irene Putri, Ayu Anulus
On mid February 2020, the World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of respiratory disease originated from Wuhan, China, which was identified as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). After a long-standing status of COVID-19-free, on March 2nd, 2020, Indonesia finally broke its first cases. This study aimed to systematically review preventive actions to minimizing the COVID-19 transmissions among health workers. The articles were selected from Google Scholar, World Cat, PROQUEST, PUBMED journal databases published from January to April 2020. The keywords for this review included “COVID-19” or “Corona” and “health behavior” or “health promotion” or “wash hands” or “health workers”. A total of 2,809 articles generated from the databases, the authors identified seven articles of preventing the COVID-19 virus outbreak among the health care workers in the world around 2019-2020. The studies reported that health care workers tried to prevent the COVID-19 transmission by doing social distancing, using the right personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing, screening for in-person visit, and telemedicine. Health care workers have additional responsibility of protecting the patients and their self. Some issues may be unique to different health care workers departments, the majority of challenges faced by health care workers globally are similar.
{"title":"Preventive actions to minimizing the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) transmissions among health workers: a systematic review","authors":"Santy Irene Putri, Ayu Anulus","doi":"10.19106/jmedscisi005203202013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedscisi005203202013","url":null,"abstract":"On mid February 2020, the World Health Organization declared an outbreak of a new type of respiratory disease originated from Wuhan, China, which was identified as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). After a long-standing status of COVID-19-free, on March 2nd, 2020, Indonesia finally broke its first cases. This study aimed to systematically review preventive actions to minimizing the COVID-19 transmissions among health workers. The articles were selected from Google Scholar, World Cat, PROQUEST, PUBMED journal databases published from January to April 2020. The keywords for this review included “COVID-19” or “Corona” and “health behavior” or “health promotion” or “wash hands” or “health workers”. A total of 2,809 articles generated from the databases, the authors identified seven articles of preventing the COVID-19 virus outbreak among the health care workers in the world around 2019-2020. The studies reported that health care workers tried to prevent the COVID-19 transmission by doing social distancing, using the right personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing, screening for in-person visit, and telemedicine. Health care workers have additional responsibility of protecting the patients and their self. Some issues may be unique to different health care workers departments, the majority of challenges faced by health care workers globally are similar.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82387262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-30DOI: 10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202003
I. Mahayana, Natalia Christina Angsana, Alya Kamila, Nisrina Nur Fatiha, Devin Zen Sunjaya, Winanto Andajana, Suhardjo Suhardjo
This overview briefly describes current literature findings in ophthalmology related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that become a worldwide pandemic. It included the current updates related to conjunctivitis that believed as the early sign of COVID-19, the effectiveness of conjunctival swab in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to naso- or oropharyngeal swab and the long-term side effect of chloroquine use to the eyes. The analysis from four current published literatures revealed, overall sensitivity of conjunctivitis was 2.42% (CI 95%: 0.79-5.55) and conjunctival swab was 2.90% (CI 95%: 1.07-6.20). There were no current COVID-19-related literatures discussing the side effect of chloroquine to the eyes, however, previous literatures revealed there were potential long-term harmful effects of chloroquine treatment to the eyes.
{"title":"Literature review of conjunctivitis, conjunctival swab and chloroquine effect in the eyes: a current updates on COVID-19 and ophthalmology","authors":"I. Mahayana, Natalia Christina Angsana, Alya Kamila, Nisrina Nur Fatiha, Devin Zen Sunjaya, Winanto Andajana, Suhardjo Suhardjo","doi":"10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202003","url":null,"abstract":"This overview briefly describes current literature findings in ophthalmology related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that become a worldwide pandemic. It included the current updates related to conjunctivitis that believed as the early sign of COVID-19, the effectiveness of conjunctival swab in detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to naso- or oropharyngeal swab and the long-term side effect of chloroquine use to the eyes. The analysis from four current published literatures revealed, overall sensitivity of conjunctivitis was 2.42% (CI 95%: 0.79-5.55) and conjunctival swab was 2.90% (CI 95%: 1.07-6.20). There were no current COVID-19-related literatures discussing the side effect of chloroquine to the eyes, however, previous literatures revealed there were potential long-term harmful effects of chloroquine treatment to the eyes.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79110600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-26DOI: 10.19106/jmedsci005203202006
A. Syaifudin, Septiman Septiman, Indra Indra, P. Prihantono
Breast cancer is one of the health problems in the world. In Indonesia, it washighest prevalence of cancerin 2018. CD44, a non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein, plays an important role in cancer development and progression.It isresponsible for mediating of the adhesion between adjacent cells andalsobetween cells and the extracellular matrix. The aim of study was to investigatethe relationship between the CD44 expressionand histopathological grading, metastasis, overall survival (OS) as well as disease free survival (DFS)in breast cancer patients.Thiswas a retrospective cross sectional studyusing data on medical records of breast cancer cases at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makasarfrom 2016 to 2018. Examination of CD44 expression were performed from paraffin block samples.Data of the CD44 expression and medical records obtained were then presented in tables and statistically analyzed using chi-squared and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.No significantly relationship between the CD44 expression and histopathological grading was reported (p>0.05). However, significantly relationship between the CD44 expression and metastasis war reported (p 0.05). In conclusion, there isrelationship between CD44 expression and metastasis in the breast cancer patients. However, there is norelationship between CD44 expression and histopathological grading, OS as well as DFS.
{"title":"Correlation between CD44 expression on histopathological grading, metastasis, survival overall (SO) and disease free survival (DFS) on women breast cancer","authors":"A. Syaifudin, Septiman Septiman, Indra Indra, P. Prihantono","doi":"10.19106/jmedsci005203202006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005203202006","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is one of the health problems in the world. In Indonesia, it washighest prevalence of cancerin 2018. CD44, a non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein, plays an important role in cancer development and progression.It isresponsible for mediating of the adhesion between adjacent cells andalsobetween cells and the extracellular matrix. The aim of study was to investigatethe relationship between the CD44 expressionand histopathological grading, metastasis, overall survival (OS) as well as disease free survival (DFS)in breast cancer patients.Thiswas a retrospective cross sectional studyusing data on medical records of breast cancer cases at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makasarfrom 2016 to 2018. Examination of CD44 expression were performed from paraffin block samples.Data of the CD44 expression and medical records obtained were then presented in tables and statistically analyzed using chi-squared and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.No significantly relationship between the CD44 expression and histopathological grading was reported (p>0.05). However, significantly relationship between the CD44 expression and metastasis war reported (p 0.05). In conclusion, there isrelationship between CD44 expression and metastasis in the breast cancer patients. However, there is norelationship between CD44 expression and histopathological grading, OS as well as DFS.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87453765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.19106/jmedscisi005203202010
Mawaddah Ar Rochmah, S. Satiti, I. Setyopranoto, I. S. Harahap, Desin Pambudi Sejahtera, D. Nugroho, S. Sutarni
Since the emerging of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become pandemic for months. Due to fast increased number of the positive patients with COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is considered highly pathogenic virus with various clinical presentations. Apart from the typical respiratory symptoms, neurological complains in COVID-19 involving central and peripheral nervous systems have been reported. This paper aimed to review the neurological findings reported in patients with COVID-19. We qualitatively reviewed studies reporting COVID-19 patient(s) with neurological manifestations according to the recommendations of PRISMA statement.There were twelve studies included in this brief review. We found that patients with neurological findings were reported ranging from symptomatic complain of headache and dizziness to specific neurological diseases/syndromes, such as meningitis/encephalitis, acute cerebrovascular diseases, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Miller Fisher syndrome. This review suggests the possible neurological involvement in COVID-19. We hope to raise the awareness of the health workers in taking care of the patients with COVID-19 and neurological diseases.
{"title":"Neurological findings in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review","authors":"Mawaddah Ar Rochmah, S. Satiti, I. Setyopranoto, I. S. Harahap, Desin Pambudi Sejahtera, D. Nugroho, S. Sutarni","doi":"10.19106/jmedscisi005203202010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedscisi005203202010","url":null,"abstract":"Since the emerging of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become pandemic for months. Due to fast increased number of the positive patients with COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is considered highly pathogenic virus with various clinical presentations. Apart from the typical respiratory symptoms, neurological complains in COVID-19 involving central and peripheral nervous systems have been reported. This paper aimed to review the neurological findings reported in patients with COVID-19. We qualitatively reviewed studies reporting COVID-19 patient(s) with neurological manifestations according to the recommendations of PRISMA statement.There were twelve studies included in this brief review. We found that patients with neurological findings were reported ranging from symptomatic complain of headache and dizziness to specific neurological diseases/syndromes, such as meningitis/encephalitis, acute cerebrovascular diseases, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and Miller Fisher syndrome. This review suggests the possible neurological involvement in COVID-19. We hope to raise the awareness of the health workers in taking care of the patients with COVID-19 and neurological diseases.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90264346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-10DOI: 10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202015
R. Sanyasi, Esdras Ardi Pramudita
A new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 was declared by World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 may complicated into many other conditions, including neurologic. One among this neurologic complication is stroke. This paper aimed to report a case of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 positive patient in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A male patient, 42 years old, came to emergency department with weakness in his right arm for two days as his main complain. He also had face drop on the right side, cough, and shortness of breath. He had a history of hyperthyroid and type II diabetes mellitus. The brain CT Scan showed a lacunar infarct in the left lentiform nucleus. Patient had nasopharynx and oropharynx swab to be checked for the presence of COVID-19 and the result was positive.The pathophysiology of stroke in COVID-19 include the hyperactivation of inflammatory factors that causes a fatal inflammatory storm. It also cause a damage of coagulation system which causing the D-dimer and platelet abnormalities, hypercoagulability from critical illness and cardioembolism from virus-related cardiac injury. Moreover, COVID-19 may cause a direct role in viral infection in central nervous system. In conclusion, ischemic stroke can be present along with COVID-19.
{"title":"Ischemic stroke in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) positive patient: a case report","authors":"R. Sanyasi, Esdras Ardi Pramudita","doi":"10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202015","url":null,"abstract":"A new coronavirus disease called COVID-19 was declared by World Health Organization (WHO). The COVID-19 may complicated into many other conditions, including neurologic. One among this neurologic complication is stroke. This paper aimed to report a case of ischemic stroke in COVID-19 positive patient in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A male patient, 42 years old, came to emergency department with weakness in his right arm for two days as his main complain. He also had face drop on the right side, cough, and shortness of breath. He had a history of hyperthyroid and type II diabetes mellitus. The brain CT Scan showed a lacunar infarct in the left lentiform nucleus. Patient had nasopharynx and oropharynx swab to be checked for the presence of COVID-19 and the result was positive.The pathophysiology of stroke in COVID-19 include the hyperactivation of inflammatory factors that causes a fatal inflammatory storm. It also cause a damage of coagulation system which causing the D-dimer and platelet abnormalities, hypercoagulability from critical illness and cardioembolism from virus-related cardiac injury. Moreover, COVID-19 may cause a direct role in viral infection in central nervous system. In conclusion, ischemic stroke can be present along with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89006460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-10DOI: 10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202005
M. Hakim, Luthvia Annisa, E. Supriyati, E. W. Daniwijaya, Rakhmat Ari Wibowo, E. Arguni, T. Nuryastuti
Recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have put health authorities worldwide on a high alert. Firstly emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. It is first thought as the result of a zoonotic transmission event, similar to the previous epidemic of coronaviruses. However, a continuously increasing number of confirmed cases indicates that the virus gains capacity of efficient human-to-human transmission. Soon after the pandemic is arising, many efforts are focused on identifying the origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population. Current evidence suggests that the virus is probably derived from bat or pangolin coronaviruses as the natural host. Whether intermediate host(s) exist in the transmission cascade from bat or pangolin to humans is, to a great extent, elusive. This information is essential as the basis for infection prevention and control measures. In this review, we discuss our recent understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, highlighting its origin and molecular evolution.
{"title":"Current understanding of the origin, molecular biology and continuing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","authors":"M. Hakim, Luthvia Annisa, E. Supriyati, E. W. Daniwijaya, Rakhmat Ari Wibowo, E. Arguni, T. Nuryastuti","doi":"10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/JMEDSCISI005203202005","url":null,"abstract":"Recent outbreaks of human coronaviruses, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have put health authorities worldwide on a high alert. Firstly emerged in the city of Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection is rapidly escalating into a global pandemic. It is first thought as the result of a zoonotic transmission event, similar to the previous epidemic of coronaviruses. However, a continuously increasing number of confirmed cases indicates that the virus gains capacity of efficient human-to-human transmission. Soon after the pandemic is arising, many efforts are focused on identifying the origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the human population. Current evidence suggests that the virus is probably derived from bat or pangolin coronaviruses as the natural host. Whether intermediate host(s) exist in the transmission cascade from bat or pangolin to humans is, to a great extent, elusive. This information is essential as the basis for infection prevention and control measures. In this review, we discuss our recent understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, highlighting its origin and molecular evolution.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78068346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.19106/jmedsci005202202005
A. Z. Hendri, Andy Zulfiqqar, Indrawarman soeharjo, R. Danarto
Cancer prostate (PCa) is currently reported as the most diagnosed cancer in males. Bone metastases in PCa indicate poor prognosis and the major cause of pain and death. Early diagnosis of metastases is important in PCa management. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity was used to predict overall survival and metastasis-free survival. However, this test should be conducted 2 times, for at least 4 weeks apart. Therefore, a cross-sectional test with higher positive probability value is needed. This study aimed to compare PSA density (PSAD) and PSA level to evaluate patients at risk of bone metastases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Aretrospective study with a total subject of 106 patients with (n = 31) and without (n = 75) bone metastases were analyzed. The initial PSA measurement, as well as bone scan and prostate volume, were evaluated in all patients. Bone survey found to be positive in 31/106 (29.2%) patients. The total of 50(47.2%), 10(9.4%) and 46(43.4%) patients had PSA level 100ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve of PSAD (0.75) was higher that that ofPSA (0.65).PSAD more than 0.15 indicated sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 38%, while PSA more than 20 ng/mL shown sensitivity 82% and specificity 21%. In conclusion, PSAD level more than 0.15 shows high sensitivity and specificity in causing potential skeletal metastases. Using this PSAD cut-off value, unnecessary investigation canbe avoided.
{"title":"Diagnosis value of prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in bone metastases of prostate cancer among Indonesian population","authors":"A. Z. Hendri, Andy Zulfiqqar, Indrawarman soeharjo, R. Danarto","doi":"10.19106/jmedsci005202202005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19106/jmedsci005202202005","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer prostate (PCa) is currently reported as the most diagnosed cancer in males. Bone metastases in PCa indicate poor prognosis and the major cause of pain and death. Early diagnosis of metastases is important in PCa management. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) velocity was used to predict overall survival and metastasis-free survival. However, this test should be conducted 2 times, for at least 4 weeks apart. Therefore, a cross-sectional test with higher positive probability value is needed. This study aimed to compare PSA density (PSAD) and PSA level to evaluate patients at risk of bone metastases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Aretrospective study with a total subject of 106 patients with (n = 31) and without (n = 75) bone metastases were analyzed. The initial PSA measurement, as well as bone scan and prostate volume, were evaluated in all patients. Bone survey found to be positive in 31/106 (29.2%) patients. The total of 50(47.2%), 10(9.4%) and 46(43.4%) patients had PSA level 100ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve of PSAD (0.75) was higher that that ofPSA (0.65).PSAD more than 0.15 indicated sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 38%, while PSA more than 20 ng/mL shown sensitivity 82% and specificity 21%. In conclusion, PSAD level more than 0.15 shows high sensitivity and specificity in causing potential skeletal metastases. Using this PSAD cut-off value, unnecessary investigation canbe avoided.","PeriodicalId":17474,"journal":{"name":"Journal of thee Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89614126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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