Pub Date : 1995-02-25DOI: 10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.48.2_T39
T. Noda, Masaaki Okamura, Fujio Konda
The roller drafting process of the blended sliver composed of long and short fibers was studied in order to clarify the mechanism that causes the blend irregularity. The relationship between several factors was formulated. By using this formula, delivery sliver thickness was calculated from the feed sliver thickness. Experimentally the blended sliver was drafted and sliver thickness was measured. Experimental results agreed well with calculated results. It was clear that the velocity-change-point of short fibers was different from that of long fibers and variation in the velocity-change-point of short fibers was larger than that of long fiber during the roller drafting process of the blended sliver composed of long and short fibers.
{"title":"Roller Drafting of Blended Sliver Composed of Long and Short Fibers","authors":"T. Noda, Masaaki Okamura, Fujio Konda","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.48.2_T39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.48.2_T39","url":null,"abstract":"The roller drafting process of the blended sliver composed of long and short fibers was studied in order to clarify the mechanism that causes the blend irregularity. The relationship between several factors was formulated. By using this formula, delivery sliver thickness was calculated from the feed sliver thickness. Experimentally the blended sliver was drafted and sliver thickness was measured. Experimental results agreed well with calculated results. It was clear that the velocity-change-point of short fibers was different from that of long fibers and variation in the velocity-change-point of short fibers was larger than that of long fiber during the roller drafting process of the blended sliver composed of long and short fibers.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"29 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89392208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many numerical simulations for viscoelastic fluids have been carried out. Most of them deal with steady flows and there are few analyses dealing with unsteady flows. Transient behavior of viscoelastic flows in unsteady state is more complex than that of Newtonian flows. Further, such a behavior is often observed in polymer processing, such as injection molding and has an influence on the quality of products. In this respect, it is important to understand the properties of viscoelastic fluids in unsteady flow.In the present paper, unsteady viscoelastic flows were studied using the finite element method. The Leonov model has been used to represent the rheological behavior of viscoelastic fluid. We numerically analyzed a start-up flow problem in channels with 4:1 and 8:3 abrupt contraction for polystyrene STYRON 678 at 190°C, and obtained the predictions of transient behavior of velocity and stress fields. In the present paper, the results of velocity field are reported and in the second, stress field will be reported.The results obtained from the simulation are as follows, (1) overshoot in velocity near the contraction is predicted, and (2) vortex occurs in the corner region and the size of the vortex changes with time.
{"title":"Finite Element Simulation of Unsteady Viscoelastic Flow by Using Leonov Model","authors":"K. Nakamura, Takehiro Yamamoto","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.41.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.41.1","url":null,"abstract":"Many numerical simulations for viscoelastic fluids have been carried out. Most of them deal with steady flows and there are few analyses dealing with unsteady flows. Transient behavior of viscoelastic flows in unsteady state is more complex than that of Newtonian flows. Further, such a behavior is often observed in polymer processing, such as injection molding and has an influence on the quality of products. In this respect, it is important to understand the properties of viscoelastic fluids in unsteady flow.In the present paper, unsteady viscoelastic flows were studied using the finite element method. The Leonov model has been used to represent the rheological behavior of viscoelastic fluid. We numerically analyzed a start-up flow problem in channels with 4:1 and 8:3 abrupt contraction for polystyrene STYRON 678 at 190°C, and obtained the predictions of transient behavior of velocity and stress fields. In the present paper, the results of velocity field are reported and in the second, stress field will be reported.The results obtained from the simulation are as follows, (1) overshoot in velocity near the contraction is predicted, and (2) vortex occurs in the corner region and the size of the vortex changes with time.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84736620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drag problems of fluid flow passing through fiber assembly which was made of short copper coils were studied experimentally. For the flow in which Darcy's law is valid, linear relationship between pressure drop and mean velocity was obtained, and permeability constants and drag coefficient were decided from the relationship. The experimental results were compared with two theoretical curves deriving from the cell model method, the one is for assembly of spheres and the other for assembly of circular cylinders. It was found that the observed plots were distributed in the region bounded by two curves under the condition that the volume fraction range of porous material is 0.1 to 0.6.
{"title":"Permeability Constant of Fiber Assembly","authors":"Toyofumi Kato, M. Kyo, Y. Kamata","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.41.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.41.45","url":null,"abstract":"Drag problems of fluid flow passing through fiber assembly which was made of short copper coils were studied experimentally. For the flow in which Darcy's law is valid, linear relationship between pressure drop and mean velocity was obtained, and permeability constants and drag coefficient were decided from the relationship. The experimental results were compared with two theoretical curves deriving from the cell model method, the one is for assembly of spheres and the other for assembly of circular cylinders. It was found that the observed plots were distributed in the region bounded by two curves under the condition that the volume fraction range of porous material is 0.1 to 0.6.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"467 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83041843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, the concept of twist redistribution of folded yarns in a woven fabrics is introduced and the reasons for the twist redistribution of folded yarns have been given.Two pure cotton woven fabrics are compared. These two fabrics have similar industrial specifications, except that one is made of 100s/2 folded yarns, the other of single sis yarns. Using the concept of twist redistribution of folded yarns in a woven fabric and variation of yarns in a woven fabric, this paper makes use of these two fabrics to explain why 100s/2 woven fabrics are becoming more and more popular or how the folded yarn fabrics are superior to the single yarn fabrics.Through comparing the measured geometrical and mechanical properties of these two fabrics, it is shown that, in addiction to their better appearance than 50s woven fabrics, 100s/2 fabrics have better quality in terms of mechanical properties and handle.It is believed that the twist redistribution takes place during the formation of woven fabric made of folded yarns. However, it may be more realistic to see the redistribution as a tendency rather than an exact relationship between fabric sett and yarn twist.
{"title":"Twist Redistribution of Folded Yarns in Woven Fabrics Comparison of Single and Folded Yarn Fabrics","authors":"Jinlian Hu","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.43.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.43.14","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, the concept of twist redistribution of folded yarns in a woven fabrics is introduced and the reasons for the twist redistribution of folded yarns have been given.Two pure cotton woven fabrics are compared. These two fabrics have similar industrial specifications, except that one is made of 100s/2 folded yarns, the other of single sis yarns. Using the concept of twist redistribution of folded yarns in a woven fabric and variation of yarns in a woven fabric, this paper makes use of these two fabrics to explain why 100s/2 woven fabrics are becoming more and more popular or how the folded yarn fabrics are superior to the single yarn fabrics.Through comparing the measured geometrical and mechanical properties of these two fabrics, it is shown that, in addiction to their better appearance than 50s woven fabrics, 100s/2 fabrics have better quality in terms of mechanical properties and handle.It is believed that the twist redistribution takes place during the formation of woven fabric made of folded yarns. However, it may be more realistic to see the redistribution as a tendency rather than an exact relationship between fabric sett and yarn twist.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"444 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78250681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Material Design and Performance Evaluation of Porous Sintered Metal Ring for Spinning Frame:Part 1:Relation between Compound Ratio of Sintering Additives and Porous State","authors":"Hiroaki Kanai, K. Yagyu, Akira Maruta, M. Nakazawa, T. Kawamura","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.48.10_T235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.48.10_T235","url":null,"abstract":"目的 紡機用焼結リングの耐摩耗性その他の特性を向上させるため, 焼結助剤の配合について各種実験を行い, 気孔の形状および材料強度の面から評価した.成果 (1) 紡機用焼結リングの性能を向上させるため, 材料の設計指針と評価法を設定した.(2) 焼結助剤として二硫化モリブデン (以下MoS2) とフェロマンガン (以下FeMn) を選び, 配合割合を変えて実験を行い, 気孔の形状の変化の様相を定量的に評価した.(3) MoS2とFeMnの配合においてFeMnを30%以下に押さえると, 好ましい気孔の形状や分布が得られることを明らかにした.(4) 圧環強度や通気度についてもFeMnを30%以下に抑えることにより望ましい結果となることが確認された.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"3 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88839390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis to Compare Conventional Methods for Estimating Bending Rigidity of Fabrics","authors":"M. Takatera, A. Shinohara","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.42.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.42.86","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"15 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85949330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moiré Analysis of Fabric Strain by means of Function Group Approximation","authors":"M. Takatera, A. Shinohara","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.9_T231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.9_T231","url":null,"abstract":"目的 モアレ法を応用した織物の面内変形の測定において, 構成糸のたわみ変形を包括的かつ定量的に測定する手法の開発とその適用範囲の検証.成果 (1) モアレ縞を関数群近似することにより複雑な試料曲線が関数群として得られる手法を開発した.これは織物の変形だけでなくモアレ法を用いた各種測定に一般的に適用可能な手法である. (2) モアレ縞を関数群近似する際, スプライン関数が有効であることが分かった.また, モアレ縞の近似誤差が少ない場合, 推定される試料線群も隣接する試料曲線の変形が急激に変化する部分を除き, 十分な精度で得られることが分かった. (3) 本手法を用いて切り込みを持つ織物の引っ張りによる構成糸の変形測定に応用した結果, 個々の糸のたわみ変形とともに, 変形の全体的な分布状態も把握できることが分かった.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"10 1","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87810453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-07-25DOI: 10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.7_T161
Takeshichirou Naitoh
The characteristics on sound absorption which possess the peak of sound absorption coefficient in medium frequency zone and are often observed on carpets. We found that this characteristics were those peculiar to the carpets which had fiber assemblies such as fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and so on in the lowermost layer in the installed state . It was theoretically elucidated that this characteristics were on sound absorption , to which the resonance absorption of panel (membrane) oscillation type was added. In this case, as the parameters for the theoretical expression, if the mass of panel (membrane) was taken as the mass per unit area of the primarybacking layer including pile part, and the thickness of air layer behind panel (membrane) was adopted as the thickness of the secondary backing layer composed of the fiber assemblies in the lowermost layer and underlay , the resonance frequency was in conformity with the measured value. (Received December 28, 1993) (Accepted for Publication April 8, 1994) 摘 要 目的 周波数の中音域に吸音率の ピークを持つカーペットに関 し,そ の層状構造 と吸音特性 との関係,お よびこの現象の周波 数特性面における理論的解明を行 う. 成果 周波数の中音域に吸音率の ピークを持つカーペットは,敷 設 された状態で最下層に織物,不 織布などの繊維集合体を持 つカーペ ット特有の吸音特性であることを確認 した.こ の特性 は板(膜)振 動型の共鳴振動による吸音が加わった吸音特性であ ることを理論的に解明 した.こ のときの共鳴周波数は,理 論式のパラメータとしてパイルを含めたプライマ リバ ッキ ング層の単 位面積当た りの質量を板(膜)の 質量,カ ーペ ット最下層の繊維集合体か らなるセカ ンダリバ ッキ ング層およびアンダー レイの 厚さを板(膜)背 後の空気層の厚さとして捉えれば,板(膜)振 動型 の共鳴周波数の理論式が適用できることが分か った. (平成5年12月28日 受理) (平成6年4月8日 審査終了)
{"title":"Sound Absorption Property of Carpet Backing","authors":"Takeshichirou Naitoh","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.7_T161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.7_T161","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics on sound absorption which possess the peak of sound absorption coefficient in medium frequency zone and are often observed on carpets. We found that this characteristics were those peculiar to the carpets which had fiber assemblies such as fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and so on in the lowermost layer in the installed state . It was theoretically elucidated that this characteristics were on sound absorption , to which the resonance absorption of panel (membrane) oscillation type was added. In this case, as the parameters for the theoretical expression, if the mass of panel (membrane) was taken as the mass per unit area of the primarybacking layer including pile part, and the thickness of air layer behind panel (membrane) was adopted as the thickness of the secondary backing layer composed of the fiber assemblies in the lowermost layer and underlay , the resonance frequency was in conformity with the measured value. (Received December 28, 1993) (Accepted for Publication April 8, 1994) 摘 要 目的 周波数の中音域に吸音率の ピークを持つカーペットに関 し,そ の層状構造 と吸音特性 との関係,お よびこの現象の周波 数特性面における理論的解明を行 う. 成果 周波数の中音域に吸音率の ピークを持つカーペットは,敷 設 された状態で最下層に織物,不 織布などの繊維集合体を持 つカーペ ット特有の吸音特性であることを確認 した.こ の特性 は板(膜)振 動型の共鳴振動による吸音が加わった吸音特性であ ることを理論的に解明 した.こ のときの共鳴周波数は,理 論式のパラメータとしてパイルを含めたプライマ リバ ッキ ング層の単 位面積当た りの質量を板(膜)の 質量,カ ーペ ット最下層の繊維集合体か らなるセカ ンダリバ ッキ ング層およびアンダー レイの 厚さを板(膜)背 後の空気層の厚さとして捉えれば,板(膜)振 動型 の共鳴周波数の理論式が適用できることが分か った. (平成5年12月28日 受理) (平成6年4月8日 審査終了)","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"175 1","pages":"80-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91428766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-25DOI: 10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.5_P214
T. Matsuo, M. N. Suresh
The concept of FIBER ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE ENGINEERING (FASE) was proposed. It was situated as one of the four systems which compose TEXTILE ENGINEERING. The content of FASE was discussed in terms of the design logic of textile products.The basic structure of the design logic was out-lined. Its basic design is composed of three kinds of designs; aesthetic effect/function design, basic structure design and basic manufacture design. The data bases which must be supplied for basic structure design as a scientific system were discussed.
{"title":"Fiber Assembly Structure Engineering and Design Logic of Textile Products : Part II : Application of the Design Logic","authors":"T. Matsuo, M. N. Suresh","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.5_P214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.47.5_P214","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of FIBER ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE ENGINEERING (FASE) was proposed. It was situated as one of the four systems which compose TEXTILE ENGINEERING. The content of FASE was discussed in terms of the design logic of textile products.The basic structure of the design logic was out-lined. Its basic design is composed of three kinds of designs; aesthetic effect/function design, basic structure design and basic manufacture design. The data bases which must be supplied for basic structure design as a scientific system were discussed.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"18 1","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79449485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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