Pub Date : 1993-05-25DOI: 10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.46.5_T118
Atsuko Osada, F. Nawata, M. Miki
In this study,we discuss the applicability of the Moire method for measuring the mechanical deformation of textile end-use products. The results can be summarized as follows: (1)The application of the Moire method made it possible to describe the 2-dimensional deformation of the distance between adjacent loop centers and the skew angle of loops of knitted fabric at any point. The case of tensile stress on knitted cotton fabric was reported. (2)The Moire method can thus be applied to detect the inhomogeneity ofloops and the skew angle,or the cover factor of knitted fabric. (3)The Moire method will offer some suggestions for improving the production and construction of knitted fabric,when the measuring systemis improved to get higher precision and further 3-dimensional measuring is applied.
{"title":"Measurement of Textile Deformation by the Moiré Method","authors":"Atsuko Osada, F. Nawata, M. Miki","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.46.5_T118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.46.5_T118","url":null,"abstract":"In this study,we discuss the applicability of the Moire method for measuring the mechanical deformation of textile end-use products. The results can be summarized as follows: (1)The application of the Moire method made it possible to describe the 2-dimensional deformation of the distance between adjacent loop centers and the skew angle of loops of knitted fabric at any point. The case of tensile stress on knitted cotton fabric was reported. (2)The Moire method can thus be applied to detect the inhomogeneity ofloops and the skew angle,or the cover factor of knitted fabric. (3)The Moire method will offer some suggestions for improving the production and construction of knitted fabric,when the measuring systemis improved to get higher precision and further 3-dimensional measuring is applied.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"175 1","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82962683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-02-25DOI: 10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.46.2_T27
N. Mori, T. Koshiba, K. Nakamura
The relationship between apparent elongational viscosity obtained by using a spinline rheometer and a variety of flow conditions in its measurement is investigated for a dilute polymer solution. The numerical calculations are carried out for a FENE-P dumbbell model and the experiments are performed for a 100 ppm aqueous solution of polyacrylamide.Elongational rates and elongational stress are significantly changed along the spinline. The apparent elongational viscosity depends on the flow rate and the spinline length. It is found that this dependence of the apparent elongational viscosity is due to the effect of inertia. Finally, a comparison is made between the apparent elongational viscosity and the steady elongational viscosity.
{"title":"Evaluation of Apparent Elongational Viscosity of Dilute Polymer Solution Measured with a Spinline Rheometer","authors":"N. Mori, T. Koshiba, K. Nakamura","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.46.2_T27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.46.2_T27","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between apparent elongational viscosity obtained by using a spinline rheometer and a variety of flow conditions in its measurement is investigated for a dilute polymer solution. The numerical calculations are carried out for a FENE-P dumbbell model and the experiments are performed for a 100 ppm aqueous solution of polyacrylamide.Elongational rates and elongational stress are significantly changed along the spinline. The apparent elongational viscosity depends on the flow rate and the spinline length. It is found that this dependence of the apparent elongational viscosity is due to the effect of inertia. Finally, a comparison is made between the apparent elongational viscosity and the steady elongational viscosity.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"19 1","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74702698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nakamura, K. Chiba, N. Mori, K. Yasuda, Hidekazu Takagi, T. Nishimura
Flow patterns and fiber orientation in the two-dimensional branching flow of fiber suspensions are calculated using the Dinh-Armstrong model. Fiber orientation is obtained by integration of the Jeffery's equation along a streamline.A vortex, which is not observed in the Newtonian flow, occurs near the corner at low Reynolds number. The dependence of vortex height on Reynolds number and a parameter α is discussed.Some fibers are at almost right angle with a streamline. Furthermore, the application of stress relief mechanism is examined for onset of the vortex.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Fiber Suspension Flow","authors":"K. Nakamura, K. Chiba, N. Mori, K. Yasuda, Hidekazu Takagi, T. Nishimura","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.39.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.39.51","url":null,"abstract":"Flow patterns and fiber orientation in the two-dimensional branching flow of fiber suspensions are calculated using the Dinh-Armstrong model. Fiber orientation is obtained by integration of the Jeffery's equation along a streamline.A vortex, which is not observed in the Newtonian flow, occurs near the corner at low Reynolds number. The dependence of vortex height on Reynolds number and a parameter α is discussed.Some fibers are at almost right angle with a streamline. Furthermore, the application of stress relief mechanism is examined for onset of the vortex.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"98 1","pages":"51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76034985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomoko Takaoka, E. Satoh, Setsuko Yajiri, Yuriko Akane, Chikako Oeda, Taeko Narumi, S. Shioya, Kimiko Matsuda, Ryoko Suzuki, Shigeo Kobayashi
The purpose of this paper was to examine (1) clothing changing practices of women students, (2) image of four kinds of typical wears: school wears, visiting wears, everyday wears and night wears, (3) psychological effects altered by changing clothes, (4) the relationships between Sensation Seeking and the psychological effects.The results were as follows:1) More than half of the subjects changed night wears into visiting wears when they went out on weekdays, but they continued to wear the night wears for a few hours after rising on holidays.2) The results of image measurements on four kinds indicated that school wears were accepted as public; visiting wears colorful; everyday wears dynamic; night wears static.3) In the study of psychological factors and the image, those individuals with higher scores in “enjoyment factors” tended to perceive visiting wears to be colorful and private, and those with lower scores to be colorful and public.On the other hand, those individuals with higher scores in “mood diversion factors” tended to perceive school wears to be dynamic and plain, and those with lower scores to be static and plain.4) Those individuals with higher levels of Sensation Seeking showed psychological comfort caused by changing their clothing.
{"title":"A Survey of Psychological Effects on the Clothing Habits of Female College Students","authors":"Tomoko Takaoka, E. Satoh, Setsuko Yajiri, Yuriko Akane, Chikako Oeda, Taeko Narumi, S. Shioya, Kimiko Matsuda, Ryoko Suzuki, Shigeo Kobayashi","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.39.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.39.7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to examine (1) clothing changing practices of women students, (2) image of four kinds of typical wears: school wears, visiting wears, everyday wears and night wears, (3) psychological effects altered by changing clothes, (4) the relationships between Sensation Seeking and the psychological effects.The results were as follows:1) More than half of the subjects changed night wears into visiting wears when they went out on weekdays, but they continued to wear the night wears for a few hours after rising on holidays.2) The results of image measurements on four kinds indicated that school wears were accepted as public; visiting wears colorful; everyday wears dynamic; night wears static.3) In the study of psychological factors and the image, those individuals with higher scores in “enjoyment factors” tended to perceive visiting wears to be colorful and private, and those with lower scores to be colorful and public.On the other hand, those individuals with higher scores in “mood diversion factors” tended to perceive school wears to be dynamic and plain, and those with lower scores to be static and plain.4) Those individuals with higher levels of Sensation Seeking showed psychological comfort caused by changing their clothing.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"5 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75026337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-05-25DOI: 10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.45.5_T71
K. Nakamura, N. Mori, Takehiro Yamamoto
Many constitutive equations for viscoelastic fluids have been proposed, but no equation describes completely the Theological behavior of viscoelastic fluids. Consequently, it is necessary to select a constitutive equation suitable for numerical analysis.In the present paper, we studied seven constitutive equations by comparing computed values with the experimental data of the viscosity η and the first normal stress coefficient ψ1 for three polymer solutions.The results obtained are as follows;(1) All the constitutive equations can qualitatively describe the rheological behavior of η and ψ1.(2) The four constitutive equations agree quantitatively with the experimental data.(3) The Bird-Carreau model agrees best with the experimental data, because the parameters α2 and λ2 of ψ1, are independent of η.
{"title":"Examination of Constitutive Equations for Polymer Solutions","authors":"K. Nakamura, N. Mori, Takehiro Yamamoto","doi":"10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.45.5_T71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/TRANSJTMSJ.45.5_T71","url":null,"abstract":"Many constitutive equations for viscoelastic fluids have been proposed, but no equation describes completely the Theological behavior of viscoelastic fluids. Consequently, it is necessary to select a constitutive equation suitable for numerical analysis.In the present paper, we studied seven constitutive equations by comparing computed values with the experimental data of the viscosity η and the first normal stress coefficient ψ1 for three polymer solutions.The results obtained are as follows;(1) All the constitutive equations can qualitatively describe the rheological behavior of η and ψ1.(2) The four constitutive equations agree quantitatively with the experimental data.(3) The Bird-Carreau model agrees best with the experimental data, because the parameters α2 and λ2 of ψ1, are independent of η.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"400 1","pages":"31-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77767040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tension in a filament yarn twisted by two-for-one twister was calculated theoretically by the use of the twisting conditions and this calculation was compared with experimental results. 1) As results of analyzing the balloon theory, the yarn tension can be estimated from the nondimensional number Kb/m and h/b. Where K is the proportional constant for air-drag, b is the radius where the yarn leaves the spindle disk, m is the linear density of the yarn and h is the balloon height from the point where the yarn leaves the spindle disk to the snail guide. 2) The region of Kb/m where the yarn leaves from the conical plane decreases with increasing the apex angle of the conical spindle disk. 3) For the larger value of Kb/m, the yarn takes off the upper edge of the spindle disk and the tension is the same as the case where the yarn takes off the cylindrical spindle disk that has the same radius as its upper edge.
{"title":"Effect of Conical Spindle Disk Shape on Both Twisting Tension and Ballooning in Two-for-One Twister","authors":"Sukenori Shintaku, T. Kinari","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.38.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.38.89","url":null,"abstract":"The tension in a filament yarn twisted by two-for-one twister was calculated theoretically by the use of the twisting conditions and this calculation was compared with experimental results. 1) As results of analyzing the balloon theory, the yarn tension can be estimated from the nondimensional number Kb/m and h/b. Where K is the proportional constant for air-drag, b is the radius where the yarn leaves the spindle disk, m is the linear density of the yarn and h is the balloon height from the point where the yarn leaves the spindle disk to the snail guide. 2) The region of Kb/m where the yarn leaves from the conical plane decreases with increasing the apex angle of the conical spindle disk. 3) For the larger value of Kb/m, the yarn takes off the upper edge of the spindle disk and the tension is the same as the case where the yarn takes off the cylindrical spindle disk that has the same radius as its upper edge.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"38 1","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86168630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to study basic phenomenon of dynamic drape of filament woven fabrics, dependency of vibrational property of woven fabrics based on shear deformation on fabric tension was investigated precisely in relation to shear property of the woven fabrics. The shear vibration of fabric dampled linearly with time in a small shear deformation range (<0.035rad) under all the fabric tensions examined here (0.1-3.5kg/m). This means the vibration damps by inter-fiber and/or inter-yarn friction in the woven fabrics. Optimum range of the fabric tension where the shear vibration continued the longest was recognized to exist experimentally and theoretically. The damping ratio correlated well with a combined characteristics of shear property measured by KES system; 2HG0/_??_G0, and this could be considered as a parameter of shear vibrational property of woven fabrics. Vibration of silk woven fabrics continued longer than that of the similar type of silk-like polyester woven fabrics.
{"title":"Vibrational Property of Filament Woven Fabrics Based on Shear Deformation:Part 1: Effect of Fabric Tension","authors":"M. Matsudaira","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.38.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.38.39","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study basic phenomenon of dynamic drape of filament woven fabrics, dependency of vibrational property of woven fabrics based on shear deformation on fabric tension was investigated precisely in relation to shear property of the woven fabrics. The shear vibration of fabric dampled linearly with time in a small shear deformation range (<0.035rad) under all the fabric tensions examined here (0.1-3.5kg/m). This means the vibration damps by inter-fiber and/or inter-yarn friction in the woven fabrics. Optimum range of the fabric tension where the shear vibration continued the longest was recognized to exist experimentally and theoretically. The damping ratio correlated well with a combined characteristics of shear property measured by KES system; 2HG0/_??_G0, and this could be considered as a parameter of shear vibrational property of woven fabrics. Vibration of silk woven fabrics continued longer than that of the similar type of silk-like polyester woven fabrics.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"103 1","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84275003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the experimental study concerning air-flow characteristics in the weft-acceleration pipe of an air jet loom when forced flow is given to the weft-guide pipe of the nozzle trially made. Central flow through the weft-guide pipe is composed of both flow naturally sucked by the pressurized annular flow, and positively gushed-inflow (forced flow). To study the flow condition useful for acceleration and flight of a weft, the flow in the weft-acceleration pipe was measured with a hot-wire anemometer when M was changed stepwise, where M is the ratio of flow rate of the central flow to that of the annular flow through the nozzle. During the experiments, R, the ratio of the annular-exit area to the central-exit area and Re, Reynolds number of air flow in the weft-acceleration pipe, were kept constant (R=0.343, Re=1.7×104).The following results were obtained: When M is increased: (1) velocity defect along the axis of the weft-acceleration pipe is reduced. (2) turbulence in that pipe is weakened.As a result, it is sure that a flow useful for acceleration and flight of the weft is generated. This fact can also explain the reason why the modern tandem main nozzle can achieve steady flight of weft.
{"title":"Flow Characteristics in Weft-Acceleration Pipe of Air-Jet Loom","authors":"S. Fukai","doi":"10.4188/JTE1955.38.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/JTE1955.38.95","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the experimental study concerning air-flow characteristics in the weft-acceleration pipe of an air jet loom when forced flow is given to the weft-guide pipe of the nozzle trially made. Central flow through the weft-guide pipe is composed of both flow naturally sucked by the pressurized annular flow, and positively gushed-inflow (forced flow). To study the flow condition useful for acceleration and flight of a weft, the flow in the weft-acceleration pipe was measured with a hot-wire anemometer when M was changed stepwise, where M is the ratio of flow rate of the central flow to that of the annular flow through the nozzle. During the experiments, R, the ratio of the annular-exit area to the central-exit area and Re, Reynolds number of air flow in the weft-acceleration pipe, were kept constant (R=0.343, Re=1.7×104).The following results were obtained: When M is increased: (1) velocity defect along the axis of the weft-acceleration pipe is reduced. (2) turbulence in that pipe is weakened.As a result, it is sure that a flow useful for acceleration and flight of the weft is generated. This fact can also explain the reason why the modern tandem main nozzle can achieve steady flight of weft.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"26 1","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77806537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air flow around a pirn rotating at high speed and power loss to rotate it were measured, and analysed from the point of Reynolds number. Air is sucked from the upper and the lower parts of the pirn, and is blown out from its middle part. This phenomena is observed and analysed by using a finite element method. Flow velocity and power loss calculated from analysed results agree well with the measured. The energy loss can be reduced with a 20° conical cover set around the pirn.
{"title":"Air Flow around a Rotating Pirn and Power Loss:Part 1: Experiment and Flow Analysis by a Finite Element Method","authors":"Sukenori Shintaku, J. Oda, Hiroyuki Yamazaki","doi":"10.4188/jte1955.38.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4188/jte1955.38.61","url":null,"abstract":"Air flow around a pirn rotating at high speed and power loss to rotate it were measured, and analysed from the point of Reynolds number. Air is sucked from the upper and the lower parts of the pirn, and is blown out from its middle part. This phenomena is observed and analysed by using a finite element method. Flow velocity and power loss calculated from analysed results agree well with the measured. The energy loss can be reduced with a 20° conical cover set around the pirn.","PeriodicalId":17585,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan","volume":"60 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77186373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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