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Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine with Tiletamine-Zolazepam for Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) Immobilization. 评估右美托咪定与替他敏-唑拉西泮用于雪豹(Panthera uncia)固定的效果。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00012
Hao Shi, Zhurui Shao, Xin Xiong, Yuhang Gao, Shunfu He, Xiaofei Wang, Zichen Liu, Yipeng Jin

This study describes two different doses of dexmedetomidine combined with tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) for anesthesia in snow leopards (Panthera uncia). A total of 11 adult snow leopards were anesthetized in Xining City, Qinghai Province, China from November 2019 to June 2023. We recorded the onset time, anesthesia duration, head-up time, and walking time. Vital signs were recorded every 5 min during anesthesia. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed approximately 20 min after the onset of anesthesia by collecting blood from the femoral artery. All results were presented as mean±SD. There were no significant differences in onset time, anesthesia duration, head-up time, and walking time between the two anesthesia protocols. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, and blood pressure had a gradual decreasing trend, and blood oxygen saturation gradually increased. Our results suggest that using dexmedetomidine at doses of 21.25±1.38 μg/kg to 30.95±1.13 μg/kg combined with TZ at 2.07±0.08 mg/kg to 2.13±0.15 mg/kg can provide safe and effective anesthesia for snow leopards.

本研究介绍了两种不同剂量的右美托咪定联合瓦他敏-唑拉西泮(TZ)用于雪豹(Panthera uncia)的麻醉。2019年11月至2023年6月,我们在中国青海省西宁市共麻醉了11只成年雪豹。我们记录了起始时间、麻醉持续时间、抬头时间和行走时间。麻醉期间每5分钟记录一次生命体征。麻醉开始后约20分钟,从股动脉采血进行动脉血气分析。所有结果均以平均值±SD表示。两种麻醉方案的起始时间、麻醉持续时间、抬头时间和行走时间均无明显差异。心率、呼吸频率、体温和血压呈逐渐下降趋势,血氧饱和度逐渐升高。我们的研究结果表明,使用剂量为21.25±1.38 μg/kg至30.95±1.13 μg/kg的右美托咪定和剂量为2.07±0.08 mg/kg至2.13±0.15 mg/kg的TZ可以为雪豹提供安全有效的麻醉。
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引用次数: 0
High Ectoparasite Loads of Tropical Birds: Chewing Lice on Puerto Rican American Kestrels (Falco sparverius caribaearum). 热带鸟类的高体外寄生虫负荷:波多黎各美洲隼(Falco sparverius caribaearum)身上的嚼虱。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00100
Martín G Frixione, Sarah E Bush, Dale H Clayton

Ectoparasite loads of birds may be governed, in part, by the climatic characteristics of their environment. We surveyed live-trapped American Kestrels (Falco sparverius caribaearum) for lice and other ectoparasites on the humid subtropical island of Puerto Rico during March-May 2024. The main goal was to compare the prevalence and abundance of lice on kestrels in Puerto Rico to recently published data on the lice of kestrels 1000 km away in the Bahamas, and to the lice of kestrels in an arid region of the western US (Utah). A brief general inspection of the plumage of 39 captured birds was followed by careful examination of the underside of wing primary feathers under a dissecting microscope. Two species of lice were collected, Colpocephalum subzerafae and Degeeriella carruthi, neither previously recorded from kestrels in Puerto Rico. The same two species are present on kestrels in the Bahamas. The prevalence and abundance of lice on kestrels in Puerto Rico and the Bahamas were similar, while being much greater than the prevalence and abundance of lice on kestrels in arid Utah, US. We also collected two species of hippoboscid flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae): Microlynchia pusilla, not previously recorded on the American Kestrel, and Ornithoctona erythrocephala. These flies, as well as the lice, might affect the health of kestrels both directly, e.g., causing anemia by feeding on blood, and indirectly by vectoring endoparasites.

鸟类的体外寄生虫数量可能部分取决于其所处环境的气候特征。我们于 2024 年 3 月至 5 月期间在亚热带湿润的波多黎各岛调查了活体诱捕的美洲隼(Falco sparverius caribaearum)身上的虱子和其他体外寄生虫。主要目的是将波多黎各红隼身上虱子的流行率和丰度与最近公布的 1000 公里外巴哈马红隼身上虱子的数据以及美国西部干旱地区(犹他州)红隼身上虱子的数据进行比较。对捕获的 39 只鸟的羽毛进行了简单的总体检查,然后在解剖显微镜下对翅膀初级羽毛的背面进行了仔细检查。收集到两种虱子,即 Colpocephalum subzerafae 和 Degeeriella carruthi,这两种虱子以前在波多黎各的红隼身上都没有记录。巴哈马群岛的红隼身上也有这两种虱子。波多黎各和巴哈马红隼身上虱子的流行率和丰度相似,但远高于美国犹他州干旱地区红隼身上虱子的流行率和丰度。我们还采集到两种河马蝇(双翅目:河马蝇科):Microlynchia pusilla和Ornithoctona erythrocephala。这些苍蝇和虱子可能会直接影响红隼的健康,例如通过吸血导致贫血,以及通过传播内寄生虫间接影响红隼的健康。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Identification of Mycoplasma agassizii in Confiscated Tortoises in Madagascar. 马达加斯加没收的龟中 agassizii 支原体的分子鉴定。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00040
Kathleen Apakupakul, Ainoa Nieto-Claudin, Tsanta F Rakotonanahary, Lilian S Catenacci, Fidisoa Rasambainarivo, Santatriniaina Randrianarisoa, Carlos Sacristán, Encarnación Madueño, Bonnie L Raphael, Sharon L Deem

Mycoplasmosis is of concern for chelonian conservation. We detected a Mycoplasma sp. in confiscated radiated tortoises (Astrochelys radiata) and spider tortoises (Pyxis arachnoides). Sequence analysis of the 16S-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer region was consistent with Mycoplasma agassizii. Mycoplasma spp. have not been previously reported in native tortoises in Madagascar.

支原体病是螯类动物保护中的一个令人担忧的问题。我们在没收的辐射陆龟(Astrochelys radiata)和蜘蛛陆龟(Pyxis arachnoides)中检测到了支原体。16S-23S 核糖体 RNA 基因间距区的序列分析结果与 agassizii 支原体一致。马达加斯加本地陆龟中的支原体属以前从未报道过。
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引用次数: 0
Reinterpreting Chronic Wasting Disease Emergence in the USA in Light of Historical Surveillance Limitations. 根据历史监测的局限性重新解读美国慢性消耗性疾病的出现。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00077
Mark G Ruder, John R Fischer, Michael W Miller

We estimated the probabilities of detecting one or more chronic wasting disease (CWD) cases (Pdet) in free-ranging cervids in the continental US during 1997 - 2001. Based on sample sizes reported by respective state authorities at the time and a target for detectable apparent prevalence (i.e., a design prevalence) of 0.001 (one positive per 1,000 animals statewide), estimated Pdet were <50% for 39/46 states where CWD had not been detected in the wild prior to 1997 and were <5% in 20/26 states located east of the Mississippi River. The survey designs and sample sizes reported by most states prior to 2002 would have yielded exceedingly small detection probabilities for focal CWD outbreaks. Although most CWD foci in the US were first detected in 2002 or after, the data presented here and elsewhere suggest it is plausible that an unknown number of these-some established perhaps decades earlier-were already present but had simply eluded detection. These data highlight uncertainty regarding timelines for CWD emergence in the US. Accepting-and to the extent possible quantifying-uncertainty in the historical distribution of CWD throughout the US seems a necessary foundation for better understanding its emergence, its drivers and patterns of spread, and its response to various interventions-past, present, and future.

我们估算了 1997 - 2001 年间在美国大陆自由放养的颈鹿中发现一个或多个慢性消耗性疾病病例的概率(Pdet)。根据各州当局当时报告的样本量以及可检测到的表观流行率(即设计流行率)目标值 0.001(全州每 1000 头动物中有 1 头呈阳性),估计的 Pdet 为
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引用次数: 0
Respiratory Intervals and Swimming Speed as Remotely Sensed Health Metrics in Free-Ranging Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). 将呼吸间隔和游泳速度作为自由活动的虎鲸(Orcinus orca)的遥感健康指标。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00186
Rob Williams, Erin Ashe, Kimberly A Nielsen, Hendrik H Nollens, Stephanie Reiss, Katherine Wold, Joseph K Gaydos

Respiratory rate (mean number of breaths per minute) and respiratory interval (mean time between breaths) can offer insight into a diving mammal's activity state, metabolic rate, behavior, and synchronization due to social cohesion. Also, respiratory rate can reflect an individual animal's health and has the potential to be an informative remotely assessed health metric for monitoring individual animal health in endangered whale species and populations such as southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca). Using data collected from noninvasive, land-based theodolite tracking, we analyzed swimming speed and surfacing intervals (i.e., mean dive time or mean time between breaths) from 20,613 surfacings of 98 individuals from two populations of the fish-eating, resident killer whale ecotype, namely, one growing (northern resident) and one declining and endangered (southern resident) population. Focal animal sampling was used to measure behavior of individuals of known age and sex in various activity states. Our objective was to evaluate variability and generate normal ranges for respiratory intervals and swimming speeds for killer whales of the Northeast Pacific Ocean resident, fish-eating ecotype to identify baseline respiratory intervals. We found that median respiratory intervals for fish-eating killer whales were between 26 and 29 s for all activity states and that swimming speeds varied by activity state. Median swimming speeds were similar for foraging and traveling (1.6 and 1.7 m/s, respectively), but were significantly slower during resting (1.1 m/s) and social activity (1.3 m/s) states. Three southern resident killer whales in poor body condition (had body condition scores in the lowest 20th percentile of the population) swam at reduced speeds and had shorter median respiratory intervals than outwardly healthy whales of similar age and sex. Respiratory rates, respiratory intervals, and swimming speeds are valuable remotely sensed metrics of health for free-swimming killer whales, especially when combined with other metrics as is the standard in veterinary examinations.

呼吸频率(每分钟平均呼吸次数)和呼吸间隔(两次呼吸之间的平均间隔时间)可以帮助了解潜水哺乳动物的活动状态、新陈代谢率、行为以及由于社会凝聚力而产生的同步性。此外,呼吸频率还能反映动物个体的健康状况,并有可能成为监测濒危鲸鱼物种和种群(如南栖虎鲸)个体健康状况的一种信息丰富的远程评估健康指标。利用非侵入式陆基经纬仪跟踪收集的数据,我们分析了食鱼虎鲸生态型两个种群(即一个正在增长的北方虎鲸种群和一个正在衰退和濒危的南方虎鲸种群)98 头虎鲸 20613 次浮出水面的游泳速度和浮出水面间隔时间(即平均潜水时间或平均呼吸间隔时间)。重点动物取样用于测量已知年龄和性别的个体在各种活动状态下的行为。我们的目标是评估东北太平洋常住、食鱼生态型虎鲸的呼吸间隔和游泳速度的变异性并得出正常范围,以确定基准呼吸间隔。我们发现,在所有活动状态下,食鱼虎鲸呼吸间隔的中位数在 26 至 29 秒之间,游泳速度因活动状态而异。中位游泳速度在觅食和旅行时相似(分别为 1.6 和 1.7 米/秒),但在休息(1.1 米/秒)和社交活动(1.3 米/秒)状态下明显较慢。与外表健康、年龄和性别相似的虎鲸相比,三头体况较差的南方虎鲸(体况评分处于种群最低的 20 百分位数)的游泳速度较慢,呼吸间隔中位数也较短。呼吸频率、呼吸间隔和游泳速度是衡量自由泳虎鲸健康状况的重要遥感指标,尤其是与兽医检查标准中的其他指标相结合时。
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引用次数: 0
Emydomyces testavorans Surveillance in Multiple Free-Ranging Terrestrial and Aquatic Chelonian Species in Illinois, USA. 对美国伊利诺伊州多种自由活动的陆生和水生螯足类物种的 Emydomyces testavorans 监控。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00164
Kelcie Fredrickson, Laura Adamovicz, Karen Terio, Alexis Davidson, Maura Ryan, Michelle Waligora, Kayla Schroder, Samantha Bradley, Carley Lionetto, Kirsten Andersson, Aubrey Engel, William Graser, Chris Anchor, Gary Glowacki, Matthew C Allender

The order Onygenales contains multiple fungal pathogens that affect free-ranging and zoo-housed reptilian species. Emydomyces testavorans, an onygenalean fungus associated with skin and shell disease, has been sporadically detected in aquatic chelonians. Because of the recent discovery of this organism, little is known about its prevalence in free-ranging chelonians. The objective of this study was to perform surveillance for E. testavorans in six free-ranging aquatic and terrestrial chelonian species in Illinois, USA: Blanding's turtles (n=437; Emydoidea blandingii), painted turtles (n=199; Chrysemys picta), common snapping turtles (n=35; Chelydra serpentina), red-eared sliders (n=62; RES; Trachemys scripta elegans), eastern box turtles (n=73; Terrapene carolina carolina) and ornate box turtles (n=29; Terrapene ornata). Combined cloacal-oral swabs (COSs) or shell (carapace and plastron surfaces) swabs were collected from 2019 to 2021 and tested for E. testavorans using quantitative PCR. The PCR detected E. testavorans in COSs of an adult male, subadult female, and juvenile male Blanding's turtle (0.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-1.9%) and a shell swab from an adult female RES (1.6%; 95% CI, 0-8.7%). Shell lesions consistent with E. testavorans infection were present in two of the positive Blanding's turtles. These results document the rarity of this pathogen on the landscape in Illinois. Additional studies should determine this pathogen's impact on individuals and clarify its significance for conservation efforts of Blanding's turtle, in which E. testavorans has not been reported previously.

真菌纲包含多种真菌病原体,会影响自由放养和动物园饲养的爬行动物物种。在水生螯虾中零星发现了一种与皮肤和外壳疾病相关的真菌--Emydomyces testavorans。由于这种真菌是最近才被发现的,因此人们对其在自由活动的螯虾中的流行情况知之甚少。本研究的目的是在六种自由放养的螯虾中监测 E.testavorans:这些物种包括:布兰丁龟(437 只;Emydoidea blandingii)、彩龟(199 只;Chrysemys picta)、普通鳄龟(35 只;Chelydra serpentina)、红耳滑龟(62 只;RES;Trachemys scripta elegans)、东部箱龟(73 只;Terrapene carolina carolina)和华丽箱龟(29 只;Terrapene carolina ornata)。在 2019 年至 2021 年期间收集了泄殖腔-口腔拭子(COS)或壳(甲壳和底盘表面)拭子,并使用定量 PCR 检测了 E. testavorans。PCR 在一只成年雄性、亚成年雌性和幼年雄性布兰丁龟的 COS(0.6%;95% 置信区间 [CI],0.2-1.9%)和一只成年雌性 RES 的甲壳拭子(1.6%;95% CI,0-8.7%)中检测到 E. testavorans。两只阳性的布兰丁龟出现了与 E. testavorans 感染一致的龟壳病变。这些结果证明了这种病原体在伊利诺伊州十分罕见。更多的研究应能确定这种病原体对个体的影响,并明确其对保护布兰登海龟的意义,因为此前还没有关于 E. testavorans 感染布兰登海龟的报道。
{"title":"Emydomyces testavorans Surveillance in Multiple Free-Ranging Terrestrial and Aquatic Chelonian Species in Illinois, USA.","authors":"Kelcie Fredrickson, Laura Adamovicz, Karen Terio, Alexis Davidson, Maura Ryan, Michelle Waligora, Kayla Schroder, Samantha Bradley, Carley Lionetto, Kirsten Andersson, Aubrey Engel, William Graser, Chris Anchor, Gary Glowacki, Matthew C Allender","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-23-00164","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-23-00164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The order Onygenales contains multiple fungal pathogens that affect free-ranging and zoo-housed reptilian species. Emydomyces testavorans, an onygenalean fungus associated with skin and shell disease, has been sporadically detected in aquatic chelonians. Because of the recent discovery of this organism, little is known about its prevalence in free-ranging chelonians. The objective of this study was to perform surveillance for E. testavorans in six free-ranging aquatic and terrestrial chelonian species in Illinois, USA: Blanding's turtles (n=437; Emydoidea blandingii), painted turtles (n=199; Chrysemys picta), common snapping turtles (n=35; Chelydra serpentina), red-eared sliders (n=62; RES; Trachemys scripta elegans), eastern box turtles (n=73; Terrapene carolina carolina) and ornate box turtles (n=29; Terrapene ornata). Combined cloacal-oral swabs (COSs) or shell (carapace and plastron surfaces) swabs were collected from 2019 to 2021 and tested for E. testavorans using quantitative PCR. The PCR detected E. testavorans in COSs of an adult male, subadult female, and juvenile male Blanding's turtle (0.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-1.9%) and a shell swab from an adult female RES (1.6%; 95% CI, 0-8.7%). Shell lesions consistent with E. testavorans infection were present in two of the positive Blanding's turtles. These results document the rarity of this pathogen on the landscape in Illinois. Additional studies should determine this pathogen's impact on individuals and clarify its significance for conservation efforts of Blanding's turtle, in which E. testavorans has not been reported previously.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"850-859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemical Immobilization Effects on Cougar (Felis concolor) Movement. 化学固定对美洲狮运动的影响。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00191
Carter J Littlefair, Andrew E Derocher, Paul F Frame, Mark A Edwards, Delaney D Frame, Owen M Slater, Corey A Smereka

Capturing and handling wildlife is a common practice for both management and research. As telemetry use has become common, the need to capture and chemically immobilize wildlife has increased. Understanding how long the effects of immobilizing agents last after releasing the animal is often poorly understood but needed to ensure that analyses use data that reflect natural behavior. Between 2016 and 2021, 60 cougars (Puma concolor) were chemically immobilized with medetomidine, zolazepam, and tiletamine (MZT) and collared across west-central Alberta, Canada, 27 of which were individuals being recollared. We examined the distance an individual traveled per day and compared equivalent periods before and after the recollaring event to determine whether postcapture movement rates were significantly different from precapture rates. Within 1 d of the recollaring, daily movement rates had returned to precapture rates (t20=2.09, P=0.18). Our results provide insight on how MZT used in cougars affects their postcapture movement and thus may be helpful in interpreting movement data after release.

捕捉和处理野生动物是管理和研究的常见做法。随着遥测技术的普遍使用,捕捉和化学固定野生动物的需求也在增加。人们往往对释放动物后固定剂的效果会持续多久知之甚少,但为了确保分析使用的数据能够反映自然行为,我们需要了解这些效果。2016 年至 2021 年期间,在加拿大艾伯塔省中西部,87 头美洲狮(美洲狮)被使用美托咪定、唑拉西泮和瓦塔明(MZT)进行了化学固定,并被套上了项圈,其中 27 头美洲狮被重新套上了项圈。我们检查了个体每天的移动距离,并比较了重新系领前后的相等时间段,以确定捕获后的移动率与捕获前的移动率是否有显著差异。在重新系领后的1天内,每天的移动速度恢复到了捕获前的速度(t20=2.09,P=0.18)。我们的研究结果提供了美洲狮使用 MZT 如何影响捕获后移动的深入见解,因此可能有助于解释释放后的移动数据。
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引用次数: 0
Cutaneous Lesions in the Gular Region Caused by Feather Follicle Infestation with Harpirhynchidae sp. Mites in Great Crested Flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus) in New York, USA, 2016-23. 2016-23年美国纽约大冠飞鸟(Myiarchus crinitus)羽毛蓇葖受Harpirhynchidae sp.2016-23年美国纽约大冠飞鸟(Myiarchus crinitus)螨虫感染引起的颚区皮肤病变。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00166
Alexander A Levitskiy, Manigandan Lejeune, Elizabeth L Buckles, Andrea J Patterson, Sara E Childs-Sanford

Great Crested Flycatchers (Myiarchus crinitus), migratory passerines with a breeding range throughout the northeastern, midwestern, and southern US, are banded annually at the Braddock Bay Bird Observatory located on the southern shore of Lake Ontario, New York, USA. In 2016, a Great Crested Flycatcher was observed with distinct lesions in the gular and ventral neck region, which prompted evaluation for similar lesions in subsequently trapped flycatchers and other passerine species. From 2016 to 2023, 62/102 banded Great Crested Flycatchers had their gular region examined, and seven were found to have lesions (11.3% incidence). Similar lesions were not found in any other species. Lesions were localized to the gular region and included extensive feather loss with thickened, corrugated, pale-yellow skin. Grossly visible 1- to 2-mm-diameter, raised, white-to-yellow foci throughout the affected region corresponded microscopically to feather follicles that were massively dilated with mites. Morphologic analysis of mites obtained from skin scrapes revealed that this mite species belongs to the family Harpirhynchidae. Mites in this family have restricted avian host ranges and cause varying clinical presentations in passerines, though many species remain unidentified. PCR efforts were unsuccessful in yielding a species-level identification. Further monitoring of Great Crested Flycatchers and other avian species is warranted, as the fitness implications of this ectoparasitism at the individual and population levels are not known.

大凤头飞鸟(Myiarchus crinitus)是迁徙性通鸟,繁殖范围遍及美国东北部、中西部和南部,每年都会在位于美国纽约州安大略湖南岸的布拉多克湾鸟类观察站进行带环。2016 年,观察到一只大凤头捕蝇鸟的颈部和腹部有明显病变,这促使对随后捕获的捕蝇鸟和其他传鸟物种的类似病变进行评估。从2016年到2023年,对62/102只被带的大冠噪鹊的颌区进行了检查,发现其中7只存在病变(发生率为11.3%)。其他物种未发现类似病变。病变部位位于颌区,包括大面积羽毛脱落,皮肤增厚、呈波纹状、呈淡黄色。在整个受影响区域,肉眼可见直径为 1 至 2 毫米、凸起、白色至黄色的病灶,显微镜下与被螨虫大量扩张的羽毛滤泡相对应。对从皮肤刮伤处获得的螨虫进行形态学分析后发现,这种螨虫属于Harpirhynchidae科。该科螨虫的寄主范围仅限于鸟类,在鸟类中引起的临床表现各不相同,但许多种类仍未确定。聚合酶链反应(PCR)工作未能成功鉴定出螨虫的种类。由于这种体外寄生对个体和种群的健康影响尚不清楚,因此有必要对大冠飞鸟和其他鸟类物种进行进一步监测。
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引用次数: 0
Sand Enteropathy in a Free-Ranging Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) from Florida, USA. 美国佛罗里达州一只自由翱翔的棕色鹈鹕(Pelecanus occidentalis)的砂肠病。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00074
C Robert Stilz, Margaret E Pritchett, Rebecca H Hardman, Nicole M Nemeth

A subadult Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) was found dead near a fishing pier in Florida, USA. Necropsy revealed abundant sand accumulation throughout the intestines. Fibrinous coelomitis with isolation of mixed bacteria, including Enterobacter cloacae complex, suggests secondary intestinal compromise. Sand ingestion might reflect geophagia, environmental hardships, or age-related diving inexperience.

一只亚成体棕色鹈鹕(Pelecanus occidentalis)被发现死在美国佛罗里达州的一个钓鱼码头附近。尸体解剖发现肠道内有大量积沙。纤维素性脊髓炎并分离出混合细菌,包括泄殖腔肠杆菌复合物,表明继发性肠道损伤。沙土摄入可能反映了噬地癖、环境艰苦或与年龄有关的潜水经验不足。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Butorphanol-Azaperone-Medetomidine and Nalbuphine-Medetomidine-Azaperone in Free-Ranging Elk (Cervus canadensis) in Pennsylvania, USA. 美国宾夕法尼亚州自由狩猎麋鹿(Cervus canadensis)中布托啡诺-阿扎哌隆-美托咪定和纳布啡-美托咪定-阿扎哌隆的比较。
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00127
Avery M Corondi, Justin D Brown, Jeremiah E Banfield, W David Walter

Chemical immobilization is commonly used to capture and handle free-ranging elk (Cervus canadensis). Butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine (BAM) and nalbuphine-medetomidine-azaperone (NalMed-A) are compounded drug combinations that are lower-scheduled in the US than drugs historically used for elk immobilizations. We compared BAM and NalMed-A for immobilization of free-ranging elk using free-darting and Clover trapping. From January 2020 to April 2022, 196 female elk were immobilized in Pennsylvania, USA. We report vital rates, induction and recovery times, and the need for supplemental drugs. We built mixed-effects logistic regression models to describe differences between drug choice based on induction and recovery times, capture method, and individual variation. Several models were competing, including our null model, which suggests that BAM and NalMed-A are comparable based on the parameters we evaluated. Supplemental drug administration was more frequently needed in NalMed-A immobilizations (21.2%) than in BAM immobilizations (9.0%). Overall, we found minor differences between BAM and NalMed-A, both of which appear to be effective for immobilizing elk in both free-darting and Clover trapping scenarios when performing moderately invasive, minimally painful procedures on free-ranging elk.

化学固定法通常用于捕捉和处理散养麋鹿(Cervus canadensis)。布托啡诺-阿扎哌隆-美托咪定(BAM)和纳布啡-美托咪定-阿扎哌隆(NalMed-A)是复方药物组合,在美国的列表中低于历史上用于麋鹿固定的药物。我们比较了 BAM 和 NalMed-A 在使用自由飞镖和三叶草诱捕法固定放养麋鹿方面的效果。从 2020 年 1 月到 2022 年 4 月,我们在美国宾夕法尼亚州固定了 196 头雌性麋鹿。我们报告了麋鹿的存活率、诱导和恢复时间以及对补充药物的需求。我们建立了混合效应逻辑回归模型来描述基于诱导和恢复时间、捕获方法和个体差异的药物选择差异。有几个模型具有竞争性,包括我们的空模型,它表明根据我们评估的参数,BAM 和 NalMed-A 具有可比性。NalMed-A 固定法(21.2%)比 BAM 固定法(9.0%)更需要补充药物。总体而言,我们发现 BAM 和 NalMed-A 的差异不大,在对自由放养的麋鹿进行中度侵入性、微痛手术时,这两种方法似乎都能有效固定自由放养和三叶草诱捕情况下的麋鹿。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
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