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Outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza A Virus infection in Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus), USA, 2022. 美国黑秃鹫(Coragyps atratus)高致病性H5N1甲型流感病毒感染暴发
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00214
Mark W Cunningham, Justin Brown, Rebecca Hardman, Suzan Loerzel, Bryan M Kluever, Trevor T Zachariah, Kyle A Donnelly, Rebecca L Poulson, Nicole M Nemeth, Kyle Van Why, Robert Sargent, Cindy P Driscoll, Amy K Tegeler, Lijuan Zhou, Veronica Guzman-Vargas, Julianna Lenoch, Mark G Ruder, Y Reddy Bommineni, David E Stallknecht

Mortalities in Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) caused by A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 2.3.4.4b lineage highly pathogenic (HP) influenza A virus (IAV) H5N1 (HP H5N1) were detected in Florida, USA, on 14 February 2022. By the end of 2022, at least 2,674 and 5,707 deaths where HP H5N1 infection was confirmed or suspected had been documented in Florida and the USA as a whole, respectively. Reported vulture mortalities at die-off locations nationwide ranged from 1 to 700. In Florida and Pennsylvania, USA, antibodies to both H5 and N1 subtypes of IAV were detected in apparently healthy Black Vultures sampled ≤12 mo after mortality events. Antibodies to these subtypes were not detected in Black Vultures at sites in Kentucky and Tennessee, USA, where HP H5N1 was not detected, nor in Pennsylvania vultures sampled before HP H5N1 introduction into North America. Infections in vultures probably originated through scavenging of infected bird carcasses, but once in the vulture population, HP H5N1 infections may have been maintained by conspecific scavenging. Black Vultures can serve as an indicator species for HP H5N1 in North America, and they may sustain an outbreak after infection rates have declined in other species.

2022年2月14日,在美国佛罗里达州发现A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 2.3.4.4b系高致病性甲型流感病毒H5N1 (HP H5N1)引起的黑秃鹫(Coragyps atratus)死亡。到2022年底,佛罗里达州和整个美国分别记录了至少2674例和5707例HP H5N1感染确诊或疑似死亡病例。据报道,秃鹫在全国范围内的死亡人数从1到700人不等。在美国佛罗里达州和宾夕法尼亚州,在死亡事件发生后≤12个月采样的表面健康的黑秃鹫中检测到IAV的H5和N1亚型抗体。在未检测到HP H5N1的美国肯塔基州和田纳西州的黑秃鹫中未检测到这些亚型的抗体,在HP H5N1传入北美之前的宾夕法尼亚州秃鹫样本中也未检测到这些亚型的抗体。秃鹫的感染可能起源于清除受感染的鸟类尸体,但一旦在秃鹫种群中,HP H5N1感染可能通过同种清除而保持。在北美,黑秃鹫可作为HP H5N1的指示物种,在其他物种的感染率下降后,黑秃鹫可能会持续爆发。
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引用次数: 0
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Free-Ranging Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Axis Deer (Axis axis) in Uruguay. 乌拉圭散养野猪和轴鹿中刚地弓形虫和犬新孢子虫的血清阳性率。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00133
Andrés M Cabrera, Florencia S Ruppel, Soledad E Echeverría, Ramiro Tomasina, Fabiana González, Gustavo A Castro, Ma Laureana De Brun, Alexandra Cravino, Florencia Cancela, Richard Correa, Martin Altuna, Rodrigo Puentes, Yester Basmadjián, Carlos Robello, Santiago Mirazo

Apicomplexans are endoparasites that infect various animals, including humans, causing significant diseases such as malaria, babesiosis, cryptosporidiosis, neosporosis, and toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a notable public health concern due to its severe effects on pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Infection routes include ingestion of oocysts from definitive hosts (felines) or consumption of contaminated meat. Neosporosis, caused by Neospora caninum, causes reproductive issues and significant economic losses in domestic cattle (Bos taurus). Wildlife plays a crucial role in the life cycles of these parasites, with species such as wild boar (Sus scrofa) and axis deer (Axis axis) acting as reservoirs. These ungulate species can affect livestock production systems and public health, particularly in regions like Latin America where they are invasive. Understanding the seroprevalence and transmission dynamics of these parasites in wildlife is vital for developing effective control measures. During 2020-23, 254 wild boar and 90 axis deer blood samples were collected from eight and five departments in Uruguay, respectively. Serologic tests for T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies were conducted using ELISA, with further confirmation of N. caninum antibodies through western blotting. Seroprevalence values of T. gondii were mean 47.7% in wild boars and mean 8.4% in axis deer; whereas N. caninum was more prevalent in axis deer (mean 49.8%) than in wild boars (mean 0.7%). Detection of antibodies against both pathogens in a single individual occurred occasionally. These findings suggest that wild boar and axis deer may play significant roles in maintaining and amplifying T. gondii or N. caninum (or both) infections in Uruguay, and underscore the need for targeted control strategies to mitigate the spread of these pathogens, which have implications for both livestock health and public health.

顶复体是一种感染各种动物(包括人类)的内寄生虫,可引起重大疾病,如疟疾、巴贝斯虫病、隐孢子虫病、新孢子虫病和弓形虫病。由刚地弓形虫引起的弓形虫病是一个值得关注的公共卫生问题,因为它对孕妇和免疫功能低下的个体有严重影响。感染途径包括摄入来自最终宿主(猫)的卵囊或食用受污染的肉类。由犬新孢子虫引起的新孢子病会导致家畜(Bos taurus)的繁殖问题和重大经济损失。野生动物在这些寄生虫的生命周期中起着至关重要的作用,野猪(Sus scrofa)和轴心鹿(axis axis)等物种扮演着宿主的角色。这些有蹄类物种会影响牲畜生产系统和公共卫生,特别是在它们具有入侵性的拉丁美洲等地区。了解这些寄生虫在野生动物中的血清流行率和传播动态对于制定有效的控制措施至关重要。在2020-23年期间,分别从乌拉圭的8个省和5个省收集了254份野猪和90份轴鹿血液样本。采用ELISA法检测弓形虫抗体和犬奈瑟犬抗体的血清学检测,并用western blotting进一步确认犬奈瑟犬抗体。野猪血清弓形虫阳性率为47.7%,鹿血清弓形虫阳性率为8.4%;而犬奈瑟菌在轴鹿(平均49.8%)中的流行率高于野猪(平均0.7%)。偶尔在单个个体中检测到针对这两种病原体的抗体。这些发现表明,野猪和轴鹿可能在维持和扩大乌拉圭弓形虫或犬弓形虫(或两者)感染方面发挥重要作用,并强调需要采取有针对性的控制策略来减轻这些病原体的传播,这对牲畜健康和公共卫生都有影响。
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引用次数: 0
Recurring Streptococcal Outbreak Threats in Urban Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Bali. 巴厘城市长尾猕猴链球菌复发爆发威胁
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00225
Laurie Patouillat, I Nengah Wandia, I Gusti N K Mahardika, Maria W Danastri, Pipit D Pramesti, Rinaldi Hutabarat, Nelviana Mesquita, Gwennan Giraud, Eva Gazagne, Fany Brotcorne, Mutien M Garigliany

Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus is a zoonotic bacterium known to cause severe respiratory tract infections in primates, and most documented mortality episodes occur in captivity. Here we report a mass mortality event in a wild population of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) inhabiting an urban mosaic habitat in central Bali, Indonesia, and describe the demographic impact and clinical patterns of the outbreak. Mortality was observed in three of the nine social groups that shared overlapping ranges, and the infection spread progressively over time. Clinical signs included lethargy, respiratory distress, and locomotion disorders. Over a 2-mo period during March-May 2022, 170 carcasses were found. Demographic surveys revealed a mortality rate ranging from 16% to 53% among the three affected groups. Adult females and adult males were the most affected age-sex classes, representing 36% and 35% of the carcasses found, respectively. Necropsy findings from four individuals, combined with bacteriological culture, histopathology, qPCR, and 16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis, all suggested Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus as the most likely causative agent. Similar streptococcal outbreaks had occurred in this population in 1994 and 2012, raising concerns about the recurrent introduction of the bacterium or potential reservoirs either within or outside the macaque population. The recurrence of Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus outbreaks in this population highlights the impact of lethal bacterial epidemics in wild primates, which remain poorly documented. Strengthening long-term surveillance, including noninvasive serological monitoring, is essential for better understanding infection dynamics and improving conservation strategies.

摘要:马链球菌;动物流行病是一种已知在灵长类动物中引起严重呼吸道感染的人畜共患细菌,大多数有记录的死亡事件发生在圈养环境中。在这里,我们报告了居住在印度尼西亚巴厘岛中部城市马赛克栖息地的长尾猕猴(Macaca fascicularis)野生种群的大规模死亡事件,并描述了疫情的人口影响和临床模式。在共有重叠范围的9个社会群体中,有3个观察到死亡率,并且感染随着时间的推移逐渐传播。临床症状包括嗜睡、呼吸窘迫和运动障碍。在2022年3月至5月的2个月期间,发现了170具尸体。人口调查显示,这三个受影响群体的死亡率在16%至53%之间。成年雌性和成年雄性是受影响最严重的年龄组,分别占发现的尸体的36%和35%。4例患者的尸检结果,结合细菌学培养、组织病理学、qPCR和16S rRNA元条形码分析,均提示为马链球菌。动物流行病是最有可能的病原体。1994年和2012年在该种群中发生了类似的链球菌暴发,引起了人们对该细菌反复传入或猕猴种群内外潜在宿主的担忧。马链球菌的复发。动物流行病在这一种群中的暴发突出了野生灵长类动物中致命细菌流行病的影响,这方面的记录仍然很少。加强长期监测,包括无创血清学监测,对于更好地了解感染动态和改进保护策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Doxapram May Improve Reliability of Oxygen Supplementation for Treatment of Anesthesia-Induced Hypoxemia of Moose (Alces alces). Doxapram可提高驼鹿(Alces Alces)麻醉所致低氧血症的补氧可靠性。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-25-00008
Tiffany M Wolf, Lauren Ienello, Seth Moore, E J Isaac, Rachel Thompson, Alonso G P Guedes

Drug-induced hypoxemia can occur with the immobilization of free-living moose (Alces alces). We describe the physiologic response of 12 adult females immobilized with thiafentanil and xylazine and exhibiting clinical signs of hypoxemia before (pretreatment) and after (posttreatment) nasal oxygen supplementation (4 L/min) with or without intravenous doxapram.

药物性低氧血症可在自由生活的驼鹿(Alces Alces)固定时发生。我们描述了12名用噻芬太尼和噻嗪固定的成年女性的生理反应,并在前(预处理)和后(治疗后)鼻补氧(4l /min)加或不加静脉doxapram后出现低氧血症的临床症状。
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引用次数: 0
Observational, Virologic, and Serologic Data Provide Insights into an Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza among Wild Birds on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, USA, in 2022. 观察、病毒学和血清学数据提供了对2022年美国阿拉斯加育空-库斯库温三角洲野生鸟类高致病性禽流感爆发的见解。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00199
Bryan L Daniels, Erik E Osnas, Megan L Boldenow, Robert F Gerlach, Christina A Ahlstrom, Sarah M Coburn, Michael J Brook, Michael Brubaker, Julian B Fischer, David N Koons, Angela C Matz, Marin A Murphy, Daniel J Rizzolo, Laura C Scott, David R Sinnett, Jordan M Thompson, Juliana B Lenoch, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E Stallknecht, Rebecca L Poulson, Andrew M Ramey

In 2021-22, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were introduced by wild birds into North America, leading to geographically widespread disease. In response to HPAI outbreaks throughout late 2021 and early 2022, we recorded observations of sick and dead birds, estimated abundance of carcasses, collected swab and sera samples to detect viruses, and monitored bird nesting on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region of Alaska to document potential effects of disease. Thirty-six reports of sick and dead birds were registered across the region. Nineteen carcasses were opportunistically collected for diagnostic testing, of which 12 were confirmed to be infected with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI viruses. Carcass abundance estimates from line-distance sampling provided evidence that the most common species of dead birds from the western Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region were Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii minima), Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus), and Black Brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). Only one paired cloacal and oropharyngeal swab sample from a Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) tested positive for clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI virus, out of 464 live-captured duck and goose samples. Of 195 sera samples from waterfowl screened for antibodies reactive to influenza A viruses, antibodies were found in 41-98% of samples collected from Emperor Goose (Anser canagicus), Cackling Goose, Black Brant, and Spectacled Eider (Somateria fischeri). In addition, 15-98% of the same sera samples were reactive to a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 antigen. Fewer Black Brant and Emperor Goose nests were found on long-term study plots during 2022 than in previous years. Collectively, we found that HPAI viruses affected at least seven species of wild birds inhabiting the region during 2022. The full scope of impacts of HPAI at this location during 2022 is unknown, but our data indicate that acute effects to avian population health on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region were likely modest.

2021- 2022年,2.3.4.4b支高致病性禽流感(HPAI)病毒由野生鸟类传入北美,导致该疾病在地理上广泛传播。为了应对2021年底和2022年初的高致病性禽流感疫情,我们记录了对病鸟和死鸟的观察,估计了尸体的丰度,收集了棉子和血清样本以检测病毒,并监测了阿拉斯加育空-库斯库温三角洲地区的鸟类筑巢情况,以记录疾病的潜在影响。该地区共记录了36例病死禽鸟报告。机会性采集19具尸体进行诊断检测,其中12具被确诊感染了2.3.4.4b支高致病性禽流感病毒。线距取样的尸体丰度估计表明,育空-库斯科维姆三角洲西部地区最常见的鸟类死鸟是白嘴雁(Branta hutchinsii minima)、白嘴鸥(Larus hyperboreus)和黑雁(Branta bernicla nigricans)。在捕获的464只活鸭和鹅样本中,只有一只北方尖尾鸭(Anas acuta)的配对肛门和口咽拭子样本检测出2.3.4.4b支HPAI病毒阳性。在对195份水禽血清样本进行A型流感病毒抗体筛选后,在帝鹅、咯咯鹅、黑雁和眼镜绒鸭(Somateria fischeri)样本中发现41-98%的样本存在抗体。此外,15-98%的相同血清样本对2.3.4.4b支H5抗原有反应。2022年,在长期研究地块上发现的黑雁和帝雁鸟巢比前几年少。总的来说,我们发现高致病性病毒在2022年期间影响了居住在该地区的至少7种野生鸟类。高致病性禽流感在2022年期间对该地点的全面影响尚不清楚,但我们的数据表明,育空-库斯库温三角洲地区对鸟类种群健康的急性影响可能不大。
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引用次数: 0
Mortality Investigation of a Free-ranging Baird's Tapir (Tapirus bairdii) in a Fragmented Landscape in Northern Costa Rica. 哥斯达黎加北部破碎景观中自由放养的白头貘(貘)死亡率调查。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00222
Jorge Rojas-Jiménez, Sonia M Hernandez, Emmanuel Rojas-Valerio, Roberto W I Olivares, Elías Barquero-Calvo

In Costa Rica, human-tapir conflicts are increasing, including disease transmission, as Baird's tapirs (Tapirus bairdii) move into human-altered landscapes. We investigated the death of a wild male tapir, identifying a systemic Actinomyces israelii infection. The potential of this pathogen being an emerging health threat for tapir conservation warrants further study.

在哥斯达黎加,随着bairdii(貘)进入人类改变的景观,人类与貘的冲突正在增加,包括疾病传播。我们调查了一只野生雄性貘的死亡,确定了系统性的以色列放线菌感染。这种病原体对貘保护的潜在健康威胁值得进一步研究。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of Rickettsia-Infected Argas (Persicargas) giganteus on Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) from the Northeastern USA. 美国东北部鱼鹰(Pandion haliaetus)上立克次体感染巨角鱼(Persicargas)的检测。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-25-00036
Michael J Yabsley, Alec T Thompson, Nicholas Friedeman, Kevin C Richmond, Ian Gereg, Nicole L Chinnici, Destiny Sample Koon Koon, Håkon H Jones, Andrea Howey-Newcomb, Erica A Miller

Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), piscivorous raptors with extensive global distributions, can undergo extensive migrations. Migratory species can transport ectoparasites, including ticks, to new regions. Many soft ticks (Argasidae) are ornithophilic and occur in bird nests, occasionally causing nest abandonment and chick mortality through pathogen transmission, blood loss, or paralysis. Argas spp. soft ticks are distributed worldwide, with several species in the USA, predominately in the western USA. Argas (Persicargas) giganteus, has been documented on numerous passerine and raptor species in the western USA and parts of Mexico. We detected A. giganteus on two Ospreys from Pennsylvania and Washington, DC, USA, representing a significant recognized range expansion. Genetic analysis confirmed that ticks from both birds were A. giganteus: internal transcribed spacer 2, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA gene sequences were 100, 100, and 99.7% similar to A. giganteus, respectively. Most ticks tested (7/8, 88%) were Rickettsia spp. positive; six sequences were Rickettsia hoogstraalii, with one most similar (99.5%) to Rickettsia monacensis. Although A. giganteus is not known to infest people, R. monacensis is a cause of spotted fever rickettsiosis; the pathogenicity of R. hoogstraalii in humans is poorly understood. Furthermore, A. giganteus can probably cause tick paralysis in raptors, especially in young birds. Therefore, continued surveillance for A. giganteus and Rickettisa spp. is warranted, particularly because this tick and associated pathogens seem to be emerging in the eastern US.

鱼鹰(Pandion haliaetus)是一种广泛分布于全球的食鱼猛禽,可以进行广泛的迁徙。迁徙物种可以将包括蜱虫在内的外寄生虫传播到新的地区。许多软蜱(松毛虫科)是嗜鸟的,发生在鸟巢中,偶尔会通过病原体传播、失血或瘫痪导致鸟巢遗弃和雏鸟死亡。软蜱分布在世界各地,在美国有几种,主要分布在美国西部。在美国西部和墨西哥部分地区的许多雀形目和猛禽物种中都发现了巨足蛇。我们在来自宾夕法尼亚州和美国华盛顿特区的两架鱼鹰上发现了a . giganteus,这代表了公认的重大范围扩张。遗传分析证实,这两种鸟类的蜱属均为巨型蜱,其内部转录间隔序列2、12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因序列与巨型蜱的相似性分别为100%、100%和99.7%。大多数蜱(7/8,88%)呈立克次体阳性;6个序列为胡氏立克次体,其中一个序列与monacensis立克次体最相似(99.5%)。虽然尚不知道巨棘球绦虫会感染人类,但monacensis是斑点热立克次体病的病因;胡氏瑞氏杆菌对人类的致病性尚不清楚。此外,巨蜥可能会导致猛禽,尤其是雏鸟的蜱麻痹。因此,有必要继续监测巨型蜱虫和立克次体,特别是因为这种蜱虫和相关病原体似乎正在美国东部出现。
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引用次数: 0
Alternate Evolutionary Trajectories Following a Pathogen Spillover into a Novel Host: The Case of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus). 病原体外溢到新宿主后的交替进化轨迹:家雀中的鸡败支原体(Haemorhous mexicanus)的案例。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00098
André A Dhondt, Andrew P Dobson, Keila V Dhondt, Wesley M Hochachka, Stephen P Ellner, Dana M Hawley

Few studies exist in which host-pathogen systems have been studied within months of their emergence and followed for many years, making it possible to test the virulence-transmission hypothesis and to determine if a pathogen becomes more or less virulent over time. Around 1994 the bacterium Mycoplasma gallisepticum jumped from poultry to House Finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) and other wild birds in the US. Bacterial virulence increased as it rapidly spread across eastern North America, causing House Finch abundance to decline by half. The new M. gallisepticum variants that eventually colonized the western US had lost a substantial part of their genome and had a reduced virulence. In our study, initial survival of M. gallisepticum was lower in eastern US than in western US isolates, and birds with a higher bacterial load showed higher transmission rates, but this relationship differed between birds inoculated with eastern versus western isolates. Western isolates were less pathogenic (similar pathogen loads caused less-severe disease) than eastern isolates and had lower transmission rates for a given bacterial load. Our study provides insights into how pathogens spreading after a host shift and across a continent may respond to novel evolutionary pressures in diverse ways.

很少有研究在宿主-病原体系统出现后的几个月内对其进行研究,并对其进行多年跟踪,从而有可能检验毒力传播假说,并确定病原体的毒力随着时间的推移是增强了还是减弱了。大约在1994年,鸡败支原体从家禽传染给了美国的家雀(Haemorhous mexicanus)和其他野生鸟类。细菌的毒性随着它在北美东部的迅速传播而增加,导致家雀的数量减少了一半。最终在美国西部定居的新的鸡毒杆菌变种已经失去了大部分基因组,毒性也降低了。在我们的研究中,鸡毒杆菌在美国东部的初始存活率低于美国西部的分离株,细菌负荷较高的鸟类传播率较高,但接种东部和西部分离株的鸟类之间的这种关系不同。与东部分离株相比,西部分离株致病性较低(相似的病原体负荷引起的疾病较轻),并且在给定的细菌负荷下具有较低的传播率。我们的研究提供了病原体如何在宿主转移后传播和跨越大陆可能以不同方式对新的进化压力作出反应的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Retrospective Analysis of Parasites in Wild-Caught Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) Experimentally Exposed to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans. 野生东部蝾螈(Notophthalmus viri下降)实验暴露于蝾螈的寄生虫回顾性分析。
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-24-00182
Taylor C Demers, Debra L Miller, Matthew J Gray, Xiaojuan Zhu, Timothy Wu, Wesley C Sheley

Amphibians are experiencing extinction rates over 200 times the background extinction rate. One emerging infectious disease contributing to amphibian declines is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), which has caused mass die-offs of fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) in Europe and could pose a major threat to North American salamander biodiversity if introduced to the continent. A recent study investigated the effects of pathogen dose and environmental temperature on Bsal chytridiomycosis disease progression in wild-caught Notophthalmus viridescens (eastern newts). During that study, necropsy and histologic examination revealed that many newts were infected with multiple parasites. We performed a retrospective analysis on the 41 eastern newts from that study to evaluate whether parasite load was related to Bsal load, environmental temperature, or host survival. In this study 34% (15/41) of newts were infected with nematodes and 22% (9/41) were infected with protozoans. Nematode loads were greatest in newts held at cooler temperatures. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the overall parasite load and the survival time of newts infected with Bsal. Our results suggest that environmental temperature and parasite infection may interact to increase infection tolerance, which is consistent with recent results reported for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Our results highlight the importance of studying micro- and macroparasite interactions and their possible impacts on host survival.

两栖动物的灭绝速度是背景灭绝速度的200多倍。导致两栖动物数量减少的一种新出现的传染病是由真菌病原体蝾螈菌(Bsal)引起的,这种真菌病原体已经导致欧洲火蝾螈(Salamandra Salamandra)大量死亡,如果被引入北美大陆,可能对北美蝾螈的生物多样性构成重大威胁。最近的一项研究调查了病原体剂量和环境温度对野生捕获的东蝾螈(Notophthalmus viri下降)底壶菌病进展的影响。在这项研究中,尸检和组织学检查显示许多蝾螈感染了多种寄生虫。我们对来自该研究的41只东部蝾螈进行了回顾性分析,以评估寄生虫负荷是否与体重负荷、环境温度或宿主存活有关。在本研究中,34%(15/41)的蝾螈感染线虫,22%(9/41)的蝾螈感染原虫。在温度较低的环境中,蝾螈体内的线虫负荷最大。此外,感染Bsal的蝾螈的总体寄生虫载量与存活时间之间存在显著相关性。我们的研究结果表明,环境温度和寄生虫感染可能相互作用以增加感染耐受性,这与最近报道的水蛭壶菌(Batrachochytrium dendroatidis)的结果一致。我们的研究结果强调了研究微型和大型寄生虫相互作用及其对宿主生存的可能影响的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Wild Mammals from Atlantic Forest Region in Misiones province, Argentina. 阿根廷米西奥内斯省大西洋森林地区野生哺乳动物的SARS-CoV-2抗体
IF 1.2 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.7589/JWD-D-25-00003
Pamela A Kuhlmann, Dante L Di Nucci, Silvina N Valdez, Juan I Marfia, Ignacio Smith, María V Miranda, Candelaria Sanchez Fernandez, Emanuel Grassi, Erik Ruuth, Karina A Salvatierra

There is evidence that both domestic and wild animals are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19 in humans. However, the extent of infection in native wild mammals and the most susceptible species to SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 exposure in native wild mammals from the Misiones region, a subtropical area in northeastern Argentina, within the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed using serum samples from wild mammals that entered the Centro de Rescate, Rehabilitación y Recría de Fauna Silvestre Güirá Oga for veterinary care between December 2019 and March 2022. Epidemiological data were obtained from veterinary records, and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected using a novel bridge multispecies ELISA. A total of 115 serum samples from 26 wild mammal species were analyzed, revealing antibodies in 20 samples and a seroprevalence of 17.4% (95% confidence interval 11.5-25.3%). Antibodies were detected in 13 species, including native wild mammals in Argentina. These findings indicate that certain wildlife species may be infected by this virus, but do not provide evidence that any of the tested animals are reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, as the study only addressed exposure. The results underscore the importance of continued surveillance to understand the ecological impacts of SARS-CoV-2, prevent zoonotic transmission, and protect both wildlife and human health.

有证据表明,家畜和野生动物都容易感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2 (SARS-CoV-2),即导致人类感染COVID-19的病毒。然而,本地野生哺乳动物和对SARS-CoV-2最易感的物种的感染程度仍不清楚。我们评估了阿根廷东北部米西奥内斯地区(上帕拉那大西洋森林生态区内的亚热带地区)本地野生哺乳动物的SARS-CoV-2暴露情况。使用2019年12月至2022年3月期间进入Rehabilitación y Recría de Fauna Silvestre g ir Oga中心进行兽医护理的野生哺乳动物血清样本,设计了一项描述性横断面研究。从兽医记录中获取流行病学数据,并使用新型桥式多种ELISA检测SARS-CoV-2抗体。共收集了26种野生哺乳动物115份血清样本,其中20份血清抗体阳性率为17.4%(95%可信区间为11.5 ~ 25.3%)。在包括阿根廷本土野生哺乳动物在内的13种动物中检测到抗体。这些发现表明,某些野生动物物种可能被这种病毒感染,但没有提供证据表明任何受测动物都是SARS-CoV-2的宿主,因为这项研究只涉及接触。这些结果强调了持续监测的重要性,以了解SARS-CoV-2的生态影响,防止人畜共患传播,保护野生动物和人类健康。
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Wild Mammals from Atlantic Forest Region in Misiones province, Argentina.","authors":"Pamela A Kuhlmann, Dante L Di Nucci, Silvina N Valdez, Juan I Marfia, Ignacio Smith, María V Miranda, Candelaria Sanchez Fernandez, Emanuel Grassi, Erik Ruuth, Karina A Salvatierra","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-25-00003","DOIUrl":"10.7589/JWD-D-25-00003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is evidence that both domestic and wild animals are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing COVID-19 in humans. However, the extent of infection in native wild mammals and the most susceptible species to SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. We assessed SARS-CoV-2 exposure in native wild mammals from the Misiones region, a subtropical area in northeastern Argentina, within the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed using serum samples from wild mammals that entered the Centro de Rescate, Rehabilitación y Recría de Fauna Silvestre Güirá Oga for veterinary care between December 2019 and March 2022. Epidemiological data were obtained from veterinary records, and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected using a novel bridge multispecies ELISA. A total of 115 serum samples from 26 wild mammal species were analyzed, revealing antibodies in 20 samples and a seroprevalence of 17.4% (95% confidence interval 11.5-25.3%). Antibodies were detected in 13 species, including native wild mammals in Argentina. These findings indicate that certain wildlife species may be infected by this virus, but do not provide evidence that any of the tested animals are reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2, as the study only addressed exposure. The results underscore the importance of continued surveillance to understand the ecological impacts of SARS-CoV-2, prevent zoonotic transmission, and protect both wildlife and human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17602,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1063-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Journal of Wildlife Diseases
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