Cultural ergonomics aims to integrate the dimension of culture into systems and products to make them safer, more useful, and more accessible to a wider range of multicultural users. This makes it an effective conceptual tool to create a localized product that is more inclusive. By using the example of security questions in drop-down menus replicated across North American English websites, this paper argues that overlooking ‘culture’ as a site of diverse experiences leads to a harder-to-navigate product for the multicultural user. By juxtaposing the reality of a multicultural context with the monoethnic, middle-class, and heteronormative cultural dimensions of security questions, the cloning of questions across websites can be seen as satisfying the needs of the dominant power rather than the subordinated peoples – both immigrant and non-heteronormative. Operationalizing cultural ergonomics in the translation workflow provides a means to recognize and address this power imbalance.
{"title":"Cultural ergonomics in localization","authors":"Nancy Tsai","doi":"10.1075/dt.00011.tsa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00011.tsa","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Cultural ergonomics aims to integrate the dimension of culture into systems and products to make them safer, more\u0000 useful, and more accessible to a wider range of multicultural users. This makes it an effective conceptual tool to create a\u0000 localized product that is more inclusive. By using the example of security questions in drop-down menus replicated across North\u0000 American English websites, this paper argues that overlooking ‘culture’ as a site of diverse experiences leads to a harder-to-navigate product for the multicultural user. By juxtaposing the reality of a multicultural context with the monoethnic,\u0000 middle-class, and heteronormative cultural dimensions of security questions, the cloning of questions across websites can be seen\u0000 as satisfying the needs of the dominant power rather than the subordinated peoples – both immigrant and non-heteronormative.\u0000 Operationalizing cultural ergonomics in the translation workflow provides a means to recognize and address this power\u0000 imbalance.","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The rise of large language models informed by not so large corpora of training data","authors":"A. Lommel","doi":"10.1075/dt.24006.lom","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.24006.lom","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article presents a descriptive empirical study of the Spanish translation of the video game Iron Man 2 (Sega 2010) in reference to its 50 cinematic sequences and its intertextual consistency across other Iron Man and related texts in the Marvel universe of movies and comic books. We used Rabadán’s (1991) translemic analysis model to analyze the translation while Vázquez Rodríguez’s (2016) taxonomy was applied to evaluate translation errors found in the dialogue script. The analysis shows that roughly one in five of the cinematic scenes contains translation errors. In addition, we have identified intertextual discrepancies of certain key names in Spanish, which, we argue, could disrupt the game’s enjoyability. Without access to the exact situational contexts we can only assume a breakdown in the work process, involving translators, dubbing directors, sound engineers, and QA testers. Additionally, our findings suggest the importance of overseeing the intertextual dimension across the transmedia franchises for coherent storytelling.
{"title":"From screen to game: Translating Iron Man 2 cinematics into Spanish","authors":"Alfonso Carlos Rodríguez Fernández-Peña","doi":"10.1075/dt.23002.rod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.23002.rod","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article presents a descriptive empirical study of the Spanish translation of the video game Iron Man\u0000 2 (Sega 2010) in reference to its 50 cinematic sequences and its\u0000 intertextual consistency across other Iron Man and related texts in the Marvel universe of movies and comic\u0000 books. We used Rabadán’s (1991) translemic analysis model to analyze the translation\u0000 while Vázquez Rodríguez’s (2016) taxonomy was applied to evaluate translation errors\u0000 found in the dialogue script. The analysis shows that roughly one in five of the cinematic scenes contains translation errors. In\u0000 addition, we have identified intertextual discrepancies of certain key names in Spanish, which, we argue, could disrupt the game’s\u0000 enjoyability. Without access to the exact situational contexts we can only assume a breakdown in the work process, involving\u0000 translators, dubbing directors, sound engineers, and QA testers. Additionally, our findings suggest the importance of overseeing\u0000 the intertextual dimension across the transmedia franchises for coherent storytelling.","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marina Fontolan, Janaina Pamplona da Costa, James W. Malazita
Authenticity is commonly discussed by scholars specialized in game localization. Their discussions range from the challenge professional localizers face to the role of using authentic materials in the classroom to train new localization professionals. This paper discusses the issue of localization practices and game authenticity, addressing how game developers and localization professionals debate this issue. To do so, the paper defines localization and authenticity and presents a literature review on the theme. After that, we present the results from interviews and fieldwork at game conventions on three different themes: culture and authenticity in games, game changes during localization process, and authenticity definitions. We conclude that the discussion between authenticity and localization should be based on the localizer’s language so the research about this topic can be further investigated.
{"title":"The Cake is a Lie","authors":"Marina Fontolan, Janaina Pamplona da Costa, James W. Malazita","doi":"10.1075/dt.23003.fon","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.23003.fon","url":null,"abstract":"Authenticity is commonly discussed by scholars specialized in game localization. Their discussions range from the\u0000 challenge professional localizers face to the role of using authentic materials in the classroom to train new\u0000 localization professionals. This paper discusses the issue of localization practices and game authenticity, addressing how game\u0000 developers and localization professionals debate this issue. To do so, the paper defines localization and authenticity and\u0000 presents a literature review on the theme. After that, we present the results from interviews and fieldwork at game conventions on\u0000 three different themes: culture and authenticity in games, game changes during localization process, and authenticity definitions.\u0000 We conclude that the discussion between authenticity and localization should be based on the localizer’s language so the research\u0000 about this topic can be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Pastor & Defrancq (2023): Interpreting Technologies – Current and Future Trends","authors":"Vorya Dastyar","doi":"10.1075/dt.00010.das","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00010.das","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Pastor & Defrancq (2023): Interpreting Technologies – Current and Future Trends","authors":"Vorya Dastyar","doi":"10.1075/dt.00010.das","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00010.das","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139862052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The very, very diverse world of translators","authors":"Jost Zetzsche","doi":"10.1075/dt.00003.zet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00003.zet","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124243626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study was motivated to investigate reasons why the Spanish localisation of the video game Iron Man 2 (Sega 2010) attracted extensive criticism. Scholars and gamers alike labelled it “abysmal” (Mejías-Climent 2021b, 134) and among the worst dubbing in Spanish of all time in the video game history. This article provides a descriptive and empirical analysis of the Spanish dubbing of the cinematic scenes of the game. We have focused our analysis, firstly, on the synchrony of the 50 cinematic scenes following Mejías-Climent’s (2021b) levels of restriction and types of dubbing synchronies, and, secondly, on the voice actors’ performance (acting, pronunciation and diction) and voice quality (character coherence) for the most relevant game characters by applying the methodology for voice quality analysis, drawing on Bosseaux (2015, 2018) and Rodríguez Fernández-Peña (2020). The results show that there has been a chain of oversights in the dubbing process, involving dubbing directors, voice actors and testers, which likely contributed to the negative reviews of the localised version in Spanish.
{"title":"An analysis of the Spanish dubbing of the video game Iron Man\u0000 2","authors":"Alfonso Carlos Rodríguez Fernández-Peña","doi":"10.1075/dt.22014.rod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.22014.rod","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Our study was motivated to investigate reasons why the Spanish\u0000 localisation of the video game Iron Man 2 (Sega 2010) attracted extensive\u0000 criticism. Scholars and gamers alike labelled it “abysmal” (Mejías-Climent 2021b, 134) and among\u0000 the worst dubbing in Spanish of all time in the video game history. This article\u0000 provides a descriptive and empirical analysis of the Spanish dubbing of the\u0000 cinematic scenes of the game. We have focused our analysis, firstly, on the\u0000 synchrony of the 50 cinematic scenes following Mejías-Climent’s (2021b) levels of restriction and\u0000 types of dubbing synchronies, and, secondly, on the voice actors’ performance\u0000 (acting, pronunciation and diction) and voice quality (character coherence) for\u0000 the most relevant game characters by applying the methodology for voice quality\u0000 analysis, drawing on Bosseaux (2015,\u0000 2018) and Rodríguez Fernández-Peña (2020). The results show that\u0000 there has been a chain of oversights in the dubbing process, involving dubbing\u0000 directors, voice actors and testers, which likely contributed to the negative\u0000 reviews of the localised version in Spanish.","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133960339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines the localization of food- and drink-related items in The Witcher 3 (2015). It analyzes the original English and Arabic versions using the corpus approach. A list of food- and drink-related lexemes was extracted from the English original game and these lexemes were traced to their context in the English and Arabic versions using the concordance function in Sketch Engine. The concordance analysis focused on the translation strategies adopted to localize food- and drink-related lexemes into Arabic and on the success of the translation in the socio-cultural and religious contexts of the target culture. The data reveals that foreign food-related terms are mostly domesticated, whereas drink-related terms are foreignized. The findings of this study suggest that foreignization strategies can be used for localization purposes to create a target video game that minimizes the cultural gaps between the source and target cultures and provides a less disruptive gaming experience.
{"title":"The localization of food- and drink-related items in video games","authors":"Mohammed Al-Batineh","doi":"10.1075/dt.22011.alb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.22011.alb","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines the localization of food- and drink-related items in The Witcher 3 (2015). It\u0000 analyzes the original English and Arabic versions using the corpus approach. A list of food- and drink-related lexemes was\u0000 extracted from the English original game and these lexemes were traced to their context in the English and Arabic versions using\u0000 the concordance function in Sketch Engine. The concordance analysis focused on the translation strategies adopted to localize\u0000 food- and drink-related lexemes into Arabic and on the success of the translation in the socio-cultural and religious contexts of\u0000 the target culture. The data reveals that foreign food-related terms are mostly domesticated, whereas drink-related terms are\u0000 foreignized. The findings of this study suggest that foreignization strategies can be used for localization purposes to create a\u0000 target video game that minimizes the cultural gaps between the source and target cultures and provides a less disruptive gaming\u0000 experience.","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131409093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Mejías-Climent (2021): Enhancing Video Game Localization Through Dubbing","authors":"U. Ellefsen","doi":"10.1075/dt.00004.ell","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/dt.00004.ell","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":176026,"journal":{"name":"Digital Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126181208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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