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2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA)最新文献

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A connected component labeling algorithm for sparse Lidar data segmentation 稀疏激光雷达数据分割的连通分量标记算法
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081188
A. Ravankar, Yukinori Kobayashi, Ankit A. Ravankar, T. Emaru
This paper proposes an extended connected-components labeling algorithm for sparse Lidar (Light detection and ranging) sensor data. It is difficult to label sparse Lidar data using the general connected-component labeling algorithm. The proposed technique first increases the density of the sparse data by performing mathematical morphological operation of dilation. Next, labeling is performed on the dilated data, and the resultant labels are mapped to the input sparse Lidar data. The proposed technique does not distort the input Lidar data. We show the application of the proposed algorithm in map building using clustering. Results show that the proposed method can label sparse Lidar data to build maps.
提出了一种稀疏激光雷达(Light detection and ranging)传感器数据的扩展连通分量标记算法。使用一般的连通分量标记算法难以对稀疏激光雷达数据进行标记。该方法首先通过对稀疏数据进行数学形态学运算来增加稀疏数据的密度。接下来,对扩展后的数据进行标记,并将结果标签映射到输入的稀疏激光雷达数据。该技术不会使输入的激光雷达数据失真。我们展示了该算法在基于聚类的地图构建中的应用。实验结果表明,该方法可以对稀疏的激光雷达数据进行标记,从而建立地图。
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引用次数: 18
Uniform ultimate boundedness of a Model Reference Adaptive Controller in the presence of unmatched parametric uncertainties 存在不匹配参数不确定性时模型参考自适应控制器的一致最终有界性
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081139
Christian D. Heise, F. Holzapfel
In this paper, a novel Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) condition for Uniform Ultimate Boundedness (UUB) of Model Reference Adaptive Control with σ-Modification in the presence of unmatched parametric uncertainties is presented. Due to the presence of unmatched uncertainties and due to the usage of the σ-Modification, the control objective of tracking a reference model may only be achieved approximately. A formulation of the UUB condition within the LMI framework provides less conservative bounds on the tracking error. This feature also enables the extension of the UUB condition towards a gain synthesis procedure, which allows the explicit specification of tracking error requirements. For a low-order system, it is demonstrated that the theoretically guaranteed bound on the tracking error of the synthesized adaptive controller is not overly conservative.
本文给出了存在不匹配参数不确定性时σ-修正模型参考自适应控制的一致最终有界性的一个新的线性矩阵不等式条件。由于不匹配不确定性的存在和σ-修正的使用,使得跟踪参考模型的控制目标只能近似地达到。在LMI框架内的UUB条件公式提供了跟踪误差较小的保守界。此功能还可以将UUB条件扩展到增益合成过程,从而允许明确规范跟踪误差要求。对于低阶系统,证明了合成自适应控制器的跟踪误差的理论保证界不是过于保守的。
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引用次数: 14
Fault-tolerant position tracking of a hexacopter using an Extended State Observer 基于扩展状态观测器的六旋翼机容错位置跟踪
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081207
Guillermo P. Falconi, Christian D. Heise, F. Holzapfel
A position tracking controller for a hexacopter is presented which is robust against disturbances like modeling errors or propulsion efficiency degradation. The presented controller stands out because of its simple design which does not resort to reconfiguration and avoids the necessity of a Failure Detection and Isolation (FDI) filter. The baseline controller has a cascaded structure with two loops. The outer loop corresponds to the position and velocity control and is designed using linear control. The inner loop corresponds to the attitude control which is a Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (NDI). The baseline controller is augmented by an Extended State Observer (ESO) which provides an estimate of the disturbances and modeling errors which is then fed back to the control law. The performance as well as the robustness of the control system is significantly improved as demonstrated in simulation, where controlled flight is achieved even under severe actuator degradation.
提出了一种六旋翼机位置跟踪控制器,该控制器对建模误差和推进效率退化等干扰具有鲁棒性。该控制器设计简单,不需要重新配置,避免了故障检测和隔离(FDI)滤波器的需要。基线控制器具有具有两个回路的级联结构。外环对应于位置和速度控制,采用线性控制设计。内环对应的姿态控制是一个非线性动态反演(NDI)。基线控制器由扩展状态观测器(ESO)增强,该观测器提供扰动和建模误差的估计,然后将其反馈到控制律中。如仿真所示,控制系统的性能和鲁棒性得到了显著提高,即使在执行器严重退化的情况下也能实现受控飞行。
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引用次数: 19
Experimental validation of cooperative formation control with collision avoidance for a multi-UAV system 多无人机协同编队避碰控制的实验验证
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081204
Y. Kuriki, T. Namerikawa
In this study, we consider cooperative control issues for a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system. Specifically, we present a cooperative formation control strategy for a multi-UAV system with unidirectional network links. Our strategy is to apply a consensus-based algorithm and leader-follower structure to the UAVs so that they can cooperatively fly in formation. The leader provides each UAV with commands to generate a geometric configuration of the formation. Convergence is guaranteed when the cooperative formation control algorithm is applied to the UAVs. Collisions among UAVs can occur when they are flying with the cooperative control UAVs. Our strategy for collision avoidance is to apply an artificial potential approach to the UAVs. Experiments are performed on multiple commercial small UAVs to validate the proposed formation control algorithm with collision-avoidance capability.
在本研究中,我们考虑了多无人机系统的协同控制问题。针对具有单向网络链路的多无人机系统,提出了一种协同编队控制策略。我们的策略是将基于共识的算法和leader-follower结构应用于无人机,使其能够协同编队飞行。领队向每架无人机提供命令,以生成编队的几何构型。将协同编队控制算法应用于无人机,保证了算法的收敛性。协同控制无人机在飞行过程中会发生无人机间的碰撞。我们的避碰策略是将人工势能方法应用于无人机。在多架商用小型无人机上进行了实验,验证了该算法的避碰性能。
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引用次数: 19
UGVs spotting fire location for Cooperative Fire Security System using HARMS 基于HARMS的协同消防安全系统ugv火场定位
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081181
Mauricio A. Gomez, E. Matson, Jihyun Song, SiYoung Baek, Junho Kim
Recent trends are to build tall buildings in big cities as a way out of the current housing overpopulation problem. These new structures unveil problems that if not addressed in time could cause catastrophes of unimaginable impact. One of those problems is the incidence of a fire threat happening upstairs in one of those buildings. Research solutions include implementation of multi-agent fire safety systems for fire threats in high rise buildings. Humans, agents, robots, machines and sensors communication model is used for indistinguishability of actors. This work discusses the implementation of the unmanned ground vehicles to spot the real location of the fire.
最近的趋势是在大城市建造高层建筑,以解决目前住房人口过剩的问题。这些新结构揭示了一些问题,如果不及时解决,可能会造成难以想象的灾难。其中一个问题是,其中一栋楼的楼上经常发生火灾。研究解决方案包括高层建筑火灾威胁的多智能体消防安全系统的实施。采用人、代理、机器人、机器和传感器的通信模型,实现了行动者的不可区分性。本工作探讨了实现无人地面车辆对火灾真实位置的识别。
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引用次数: 3
A backward-oriented approach for offline programming of complex manufacturing tasks 面向后向的复杂制造任务离线编程方法
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081135
Ludwig Nägele, M. Macho, A. Angerer, A. Hoffmann, M. Vistein, Manfred Schönheits, W. Reif
The automation of production processes with large process variability and a low batch size can be very difficult and non-economic. Using the example of manufacturing carbon-fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRP) which represents a complex, currently hardly automated process, we present a backward-oriented approach for offline programming of complex manufacturing tasks. We focus on an automatic process definition which is supported by expert knowledge where required. Due to domain specific software modules, user interaction is intuitive and tailored to CFRP experts. This leads to significant time-savings compared to currently used teach-in approaches. Moreover, we introduce an extensible offline programming platform which is able to meet the high requirements of CFRP manufacturing.
具有大工艺可变性和低批量的生产过程的自动化是非常困难和非经济的。以碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)的制造为例,提出了一种面向后向的方法,用于复杂制造任务的离线编程。我们专注于在需要的地方由专家知识支持的自动过程定义。由于特定领域的软件模块,用户交互是直观的,并为CFRP专家量身定制。与目前使用的教学方法相比,这大大节省了时间。此外,我们还引入了一个可扩展的离线编程平台,该平台能够满足CFRP制造的高要求。
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引用次数: 14
Analysis of the group structure of a school of biomimetic AUVS coordinated using nearest neighbour principles 一类基于最近邻原理协调的仿生auv群结构分析
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081166
Jonathan McColgan, E. McGookin, A. Mazlan
Biomimetic Autonomous Underwater Vehicles are Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that employ similar propulsion and steering mechanisms as real fish which result in improvements in propulsive efficiency at low speed. However, as with all AUVs the range and endurance of these biologically inspired vehicles are severally limited by the on board power supply. Nevertheless, large area scanning can still be achieved by the coordinated movement of multiple vehicles. To allow this to happen co-ordination algorithms would have to be utilised to ensure that a group of AUVs would be self-organising. The particular methodology presented in this paper again takes inspiration from nature and is based upon the behavioural mechanisms exhibited by schools of fish. Therefore, using a validated mathematical model of a robotic fish (called RoboSalmon), this paper outlines the implementation of this algorithm which similarly to the behavioural mechanisms use nearest neighbor principles to determine the movement of each member of the group. As this paper will use a mathematical model of a biomimetic AUV to implement biologically inspired coordination algorithms, the resulting group structure will be analysed with reference to the formation of a group structure and the number of AUVs within a group that are in a position to take advantage of the hydrodynamic benefits known to exist from fish swimming in close formation. The results demonstrate that the number of nearest neighbours taking into consideration greatly affects the formation of a stable school structure whereas the size of the school dictates the number of AUVs within the group benefitting hydrodynamically from the close proximity of neighbouring fish.
仿生自主水下航行器是一种自主水下航行器(auv),它采用与真鱼相似的推进和转向机制,从而提高了低速推进效率。然而,与所有auv一样,这些受生物启发的车辆的范围和续航能力受到车载电源的限制。尽管如此,通过多辆车的协调运动仍然可以实现大面积扫描。为了实现这一点,必须使用协调算法来确保一组auv能够自组织。本文中提出的特殊方法再次从大自然中获得灵感,并以鱼群表现出的行为机制为基础。因此,本文使用一个经过验证的机器鱼(称为RoboSalmon)的数学模型,概述了该算法的实现,该算法与行为机制类似,使用最近邻原则来确定群体中每个成员的运动。由于本文将使用仿生AUV的数学模型来实现生物学启发的协调算法,因此将参考群体结构的形成和群体内能够利用已知存在的水动力优势的AUV数量来分析所得的群体结构。结果表明,考虑到最近邻居的数量极大地影响了稳定鱼群结构的形成,而鱼群的大小决定了群体内auv的数量,这些auv从邻近鱼类的近距离接触中受益。
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引用次数: 3
The implementation in VISSIM REALTIME of an active electromagnetic damper controller for lightweight electric vehicles 在VISSIM REALTIME中实现轻型电动汽车主动电磁阻尼器控制器
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081117
Alista Fow, M. Duke
The use of linear electromagnetic active damper units in the suspension system of a lightweight electric vehicle offers many advantages over conventional passive, semi-active and active hydraulic dampers. While full active hydraulic systems have been commercially available in automobiles for many years, the linear electromagnetic active damper offers a lower weight system with a much reduced power demand. However an active system requires the use of a controller to adjust the power output to the damper unit. This unit must process signal inputs and provide an output solution within a short time period, often 5 milliseconds or less. By using VISSIM REALTIME, a controller was built that controlled a scale linear electromagnetic damper using Karnopp's Skyhook algorithm. This had to deal with issues such as accelerometer drift and signal to noise ratio. These required simple but fast techniques to provide useful information to the damper in a useful timeframe. This controller-damper combination proved effective in reducing the vibration experienced by the sprung mass and was more effective than an ideal passive damper at all frequencies tested by at least a factor of three.
在轻型电动汽车的悬架系统中使用线性电磁主动阻尼器单元,与传统的被动、半主动和主动液压阻尼器相比,具有许多优点。虽然全主动液压系统已经在汽车上商用多年,但线性电磁主动阻尼器提供了一个重量更轻的系统,大大降低了功率需求。然而,主动系统需要使用控制器来调节阻尼器单元的功率输出。该单元必须在短时间内处理信号输入并提供输出解决方案,通常为5毫秒或更短。利用VISSIM REALTIME软件,利用Karnopp的Skyhook算法,构建了一个控制比例线性电磁阻尼器的控制器。这必须处理诸如加速度计漂移和信噪比等问题。这需要简单而快速的技术,以便在一个有用的时间范围内为阻尼器提供有用的信息。这种控制器-阻尼器组合被证明可以有效地减少簧载质量所经历的振动,并且在所有频率测试中比理想的被动阻尼器更有效,至少是三倍。
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引用次数: 0
OPART: Towards an Open Platform for Abstraction of real-time communication in cross-domain applications OPART:面向跨域应用实时通信的开放抽象平台
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081154
M. H. Farzaneh, A. Knoll, Jonas H. Pfeiffer
Developing real-time communication in various application fields such as robotics, factory automation, etc. is one the most important steps achieving a deterministic system. However, the development of this step is very complex and requires low level and advanced knowledge about the real-time communication systems. This complexity decelerates the developing process specially in cross-domain applications e.g. surgical control applications in Networked Medical Systems (NMS) requiring real-time communication and deterministic system behavior. General complexities developing real-time communication systems are classified. The architecture of an Open Platform for Abstraction of Real-Time Communication (OPART) is introduced for reducing these complexities. The architecture of OPART is based on the Ethernet-based real-time communication protocol openPOWERLINK. An experimental setup of OPART using a medical sensor and actuator is demonstrated.
在机器人、工厂自动化等各个应用领域开发实时通信是实现确定性系统的重要步骤之一。然而,这一步的开发是非常复杂的,需要对实时通信系统的低级和高级的知识。这种复杂性减慢了开发过程,特别是在跨领域应用中,例如需要实时通信和确定性系统行为的网络医疗系统(NMS)中的手术控制应用。开发实时通信系统的一般复杂性被分类。为了降低这些复杂性,介绍了实时通信抽象开放平台(OPART)的体系结构。OPART的架构基于基于以太网的实时通信协议openPOWERLINK。介绍了一种基于医用传感器和致动器的OPART实验装置。
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引用次数: 1
Iterative learning system to intercept a ball for humanoid soccer player 仿人足球运动员拦截球的迭代学习系统
Pub Date : 2015-04-09 DOI: 10.1109/ICARA.2015.7081200
Mauricio A. Gomez, Yongho Kim, E. Matson
Soccer for humanoid robots has been a field of study for a long time, and the majority of the teams that compete in a tournament only focus until now in reaching the ball and drive it to score. That is the reason why we think that a more collaborative work would be a real improvement towards accomplishing the RoboCup 2050 ultimate goal of a fully autonomous humanoid team defeating the winning team of the FIFA World Cup Championship of the same year. In this paper, we propose a training system for humanoid-type soccer robot, that will learn to precisely intercept of a ball when is kicked by one robot of the same team. Vision system for ball detection is used as input to predict trajectory of the ball. A knowledge based learning algorithm enables the player to get higher chance to intercept the ball. We confirmed that the proposed approach can be a part of intelligent robot in the field of humanoid soccer.
人形机器人的足球研究已经有很长一段时间了,直到现在,参加比赛的大多数球队只专注于拿球和射门得分。这就是为什么我们认为更多的协作工作将是实现2050年机器人世界杯最终目标的真正进步,即一支完全自主的人形球队击败同年FIFA世界杯冠军球队。本文提出了一种仿人足球机器人的训练系统,该系统将学习在同一队的一个机器人踢球时精确拦截球。用视觉检测系统作为输入,预测球的运动轨迹。基于知识的学习算法使球员有更高的机会拦截球。我们证实了所提出的方法可以成为人形足球领域智能机器人的一部分。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2015 6th International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Applications (ICARA)
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