A. Kassahun, E. D. Chatenier, P. Bots, G. Hofstede, J. Bloemhof, H. Scholten, S. Korver, A. Beulens
Today's consumers increasingly demand products that are produced sustainably and ethically. As a result, businesses need to address sustainability and social responsibility issues and find a proper balance between people, planet and profit (PPP) aspects of their production chains. Software tools can play an important role in mapping out the current state of PPP aspects along the production chain, and in the design and evaluation of improvement options. There are indeed many tools that are claimed to be useful for sustainability and social responsibility considerations. Yet, a tool that addresses all three aspects of value creation holistically and facilitates discussion is missing. In this paper we present the development of such a tool, called QChain. The development of this tool was based on ideas from soft systems methodology and inputs from a multidisciplinary team of experts and managers. The tool is intended to support group discussions, particularly during the early stages of innovation processes a...
{"title":"QChain - integrating social, environmental and economic value: a tool to support innovation in production chains","authors":"A. Kassahun, E. D. Chatenier, P. Bots, G. Hofstede, J. Bloemhof, H. Scholten, S. Korver, A. Beulens","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK7","url":null,"abstract":"Today's consumers increasingly demand products that are produced sustainably and ethically. As a result, businesses need to address sustainability and social responsibility issues and find a proper balance between people, planet and profit (PPP) aspects of their production chains. Software tools can play an important role in mapping out the current state of PPP aspects along the production chain, and in the design and evaluation of improvement options. There are indeed many tools that are claimed to be useful for sustainability and social responsibility considerations. Yet, a tool that addresses all three aspects of value creation holistically and facilitates discussion is missing. In this paper we present the development of such a tool, called QChain. The development of this tool was based on ideas from soft systems methodology and inputs from a multidisciplinary team of experts and managers. The tool is intended to support group discussions, particularly during the early stages of innovation processes a...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"196 1","pages":"167-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78097264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Grunert, N. Wognum, J. Trienekens, M. Wever, N. V. Olsen, J. Scholderer
Consumers differ in their demands, and this may have implications for the type of supply chain governance that is most suitable for serving them. We present a segmentation of pork consumers in the EU based on their food-related lifestyles and demands for different pork products. We then present an inventory of pork chain governance and quality management systems, also resulting from a pan-European study, and attempt to match types of chains to consumer segments, arguing that the type of quality demanded by consumers has implications especially for the quality management system governing the chain, and that these implications are different for fresh meat and processed meat. The paper closes with a call for more collaboration between chain researchers and consumer researchers.
{"title":"Consumer Demand and Quality Assurance: Segmentation Basis and Implications for Chain Governance in the Pork Sector","authors":"K. Grunert, N. Wognum, J. Trienekens, M. Wever, N. V. Olsen, J. Scholderer","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK2","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers differ in their demands, and this may have implications for the type of supply chain governance that is most suitable for serving them. We present a segmentation of pork consumers in the EU based on their food-related lifestyles and demands for different pork products. We then present an inventory of pork chain governance and quality management systems, also resulting from a pan-European study, and attempt to match types of chains to consumer segments, arguing that the type of quality demanded by consumers has implications especially for the quality management system governing the chain, and that these implications are different for fresh meat and processed meat. The paper closes with a call for more collaboration between chain researchers and consumer researchers.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":" 5","pages":"89-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91414813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Brinkmann, J. Lang, B. Petersen, P. M. Wognum, J. Trienekens
This paper presents a new chain coordination model for quality management strategies of European pork supply chains. It is a result of qualitative research into intensive and extensive pork production in seven selected countries consisting of a literature review, country-specific expert interviews and case studies. The model defines strategic roles and responsibilities for quality management actors on normative, strategic and operational levels and groups these actors into the categories certification, coordination and control. New actors have been defined for the category 'coordination of quality management strategies': the chain quality board (normative), the network coordinator (strategic) and the quality broker (operational level). The proposed concept of a quality broker represents an innovative approach to facilitate implementation of coordination mechanisms in pork supply chains. In addition, coordination mechanisms have been defined and classified under the headings contracts, information technolo...
{"title":"Towards a chain coordination model for quality management strategies to strengthen the competition of European pork producers","authors":"D. Brinkmann, J. Lang, B. Petersen, P. M. Wognum, J. Trienekens","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new chain coordination model for quality management strategies of European pork supply chains. It is a result of qualitative research into intensive and extensive pork production in seven selected countries consisting of a literature review, country-specific expert interviews and case studies. The model defines strategic roles and responsibilities for quality management actors on normative, strategic and operational levels and groups these actors into the categories certification, coordination and control. New actors have been defined for the category 'coordination of quality management strategies': the chain quality board (normative), the network coordinator (strategic) and the quality broker (operational level). The proposed concept of a quality broker represents an innovative approach to facilitate implementation of coordination mechanisms in pork supply chains. In addition, coordination mechanisms have been defined and classified under the headings contracts, information technolo...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"137-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88134733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. Barcellos, M. Saab, F. Perez-Cueto, M. G. Perin, M. F. Neves, W. Verbeke
In spite of being the world’s most consumed meat, pork ranks only third in Brazil, with a consumption level much lower than that of poultry and beef. Although consumption of fresh pork meat has been increasing in recent years, 67.9% of the Brazilian pork consumption is based on processed pork products. Despite the chain’s many technological improvements in recent years, producers and industry are not yet focused on innovation nor on informing and captivating the new millennium’s consumer. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and recent changes in the economic status of the population have created a favourable environment for the development of new pork products. This study investigates consumers’ eating habits, preferences and satisfaction using data collected from a survey among 482 consumers as part of the Q-PorkChains project in Brazil. Results indicate that consumers prefer fresh (not frozen) products and the supermarket is their preferred distribution channel. Pork products are consumed mostly at home, with family, on any day of the week. Consumers are generally satisfied with the products available in the market, although health aspects, convenience and price could be improved. Overall, the interviewed pork consumers in Brazil signal opportunities for the pork chain in terms of innovation and new product development.
{"title":"Pork consumption in Brazil: Challenges and opportunities for the Brazilian pork production chain","authors":"M. D. Barcellos, M. Saab, F. Perez-Cueto, M. G. Perin, M. F. Neves, W. Verbeke","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK3","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of being the world’s most consumed meat, pork ranks only third in Brazil, with a consumption level much lower than that of poultry and beef. Although consumption of fresh pork meat has been increasing in recent years, 67.9% of the Brazilian pork consumption is based on processed pork products. Despite the chain’s many technological improvements in recent years, producers and industry are not yet focused on innovation nor on informing and captivating the new millennium’s consumer. Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and recent changes in the economic status of the population have created a favourable environment for the development of new pork products. This study investigates consumers’ eating habits, preferences and satisfaction using data collected from a survey among 482 consumers as part of the Q-PorkChains project in Brazil. Results indicate that consumers prefer fresh (not frozen) products and the supermarket is their preferred distribution channel. Pork products are consumed mostly at home, with family, on any day of the week. Consumers are generally satisfied with the products available in the market, although health aspects, convenience and price could be improved. Overall, the interviewed pork consumers in Brazil signal opportunities for the pork chain in terms of innovation and new product development.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"99-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75508613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bonneau, E. Antoine-Ilari, C. Phatsara, D. Brinkmann, M. Hviid, M. G. Christiansen, E. Fàbrega, P. Rodríguez, L. Rydhmer, J. Enting, K. Greef, H. Edge, J. Dourmad, S. Edwards
The present study was undertaken to perform an inventory of pig production systems, at farm level. The main aim was to document the variety of existing production systems in European countries. Information was collected from available sources, mostly national experts and literature, regarding target markets and information management, apparent degree of intensification, technical and economic performance, environmental impact and animal welfare. Eighty-four production systems were identified in 23 countries, of which 40 were reported as conventional and the remaining 44 were reported as differentiated. The differentiated and conventional production systems differ significantly in many respects; however, high variability was also found within each category as well as a large overlap between the two categories with respect to the distribution of most variables. Most differentiated systems claim to have superior characteristics in at least one dimension of sustainability. The specificities of these claims we...
{"title":"Diversity of pig production systems at farm level in Europe","authors":"M. Bonneau, E. Antoine-Ilari, C. Phatsara, D. Brinkmann, M. Hviid, M. G. Christiansen, E. Fàbrega, P. Rodríguez, L. Rydhmer, J. Enting, K. Greef, H. Edge, J. Dourmad, S. Edwards","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to perform an inventory of pig production systems, at farm level. The main aim was to document the variety of existing production systems in European countries. Information was collected from available sources, mostly national experts and literature, regarding target markets and information management, apparent degree of intensification, technical and economic performance, environmental impact and animal welfare. Eighty-four production systems were identified in 23 countries, of which 40 were reported as conventional and the remaining 44 were reported as differentiated. The differentiated and conventional production systems differ significantly in many respects; however, high variability was also found within each category as well as a large overlap between the two categories with respect to the distribution of most variables. Most differentiated systems claim to have superior characteristics in at least one dimension of sustainability. The specificities of these claims we...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"115-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85795721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Aramyan, R. Hoste, W.H.A.M. van den Broek, J. Groot, J. Soethoudt, T.L.T. Nguyen, J. Hermansen, J. Vorst
European pork supply chains, like other agri-food supply chains, currently face numerous challenges such as globalization, emerging markets, changing consumer requirements, and new governmental reg...
{"title":"Towards sustainable food production: a scenario study of the European pork sector","authors":"L. Aramyan, R. Hoste, W.H.A.M. van den Broek, J. Groot, J. Soethoudt, T.L.T. Nguyen, J. Hermansen, J. Vorst","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.QPORK8","url":null,"abstract":"European pork supply chains, like other agri-food supply chains, currently face numerous challenges such as globalization, emerging markets, changing consumer requirements, and new governmental reg...","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87035523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media have brought about an enormous acceleration and increase in information flows. They have caused traditional ways of describing organisations and their environment to quickly lose their effect. Current views on the relationship between supply and demand in market situations are also losing their validity. The network concept offers possibilities for developing effective forms of description and analysis. The example of the position of Dutch tomato exports to Germany shows that it is impossible to arrive at a useful formulation of the problem without the concept of the network. The disappearance of traditional descriptions starts with the language used. The terminology that was suitable for describing organisations in the industrial era has only limited value in the information era, or is even counter-productive. In many cases, the essence of what occurs in reality is not captured in traditional descriptions.
{"title":"Social media, networks and governance: on the inadequacy of traditional reasoning","authors":"T. Camps","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.X199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.X199","url":null,"abstract":"Social media have brought about an enormous acceleration and increase in information flows. They have caused traditional ways of describing organisations and their environment to quickly lose their effect. Current views on the relationship between supply and demand in market situations are also losing their validity. The network concept offers possibilities for developing effective forms of description and analysis. The example of the position of Dutch tomato exports to Germany shows that it is impossible to arrive at a useful formulation of the problem without the concept of the network. The disappearance of traditional descriptions starts with the language used. The terminology that was suitable for describing organisations in the industrial era has only limited value in the information era, or is even counter-productive. In many cases, the essence of what occurs in reality is not captured in traditional descriptions.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"161 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73700865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technological innovation, globalization and market segmentation have led to increasingly complex agri-food supply chains and networks. At the same time, they have also created opportunities for entrepreneurial firms to create new wealth. The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in entrepreneurial performance between firms that discover and exploit new wealth creation opportunities within existing supply chains as opposed to those that decide to establish the supply chain themselves. Using agent-based simulation, this study finds that agents that link with existing supply chains outperform those that do not both in terms of survival and wealth creation per firm. It also finds, however, that the presence of existing supply chains has positive effects for non-linked entrepreneurial firms as well.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial behaviour in agri-food supply chains: The role of supply chain partners","authors":"R. Ross","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.X193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.X193","url":null,"abstract":"Technological innovation, globalization and market segmentation have led to increasingly complex agri-food supply chains and networks. At the same time, they have also created opportunities for entrepreneurial firms to create new wealth. The objective of this study is to investigate the differences in entrepreneurial performance between firms that discover and exploit new wealth creation opportunities within existing supply chains as opposed to those that decide to establish the supply chain themselves. Using agent-based simulation, this study finds that agents that link with existing supply chains outperform those that do not both in terms of survival and wealth creation per firm. It also finds, however, that the presence of existing supply chains has positive effects for non-linked entrepreneurial firms as well.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78337368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study addresses the views of agency and stewardship theory on governance of the relationship between headquarters and subsidiaries. It explores the influence of strategy, task environment and cultural differences on this relationship. The conceptual model is explored based on a survey of 76 polish subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from 12 countries using partial least squares. The results show that the agency and stewardship mechanisms are used alongside each other, and are complementary. Agency mechanisms provide the platform on which stewardship mechanisms are built. Unexpectedly, the international strategy of the MNEs does not appear to influence the effectiveness and choice of the governance mechanisms. It is concluded that MNEs should recognise contextual and cultural differences in designing the headquarters-subsidiary governance.
{"title":"Headquarters-subsidiary relationship governance in Poland","authors":"J. Gusc, S. Omta","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.X189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.X189","url":null,"abstract":"The study addresses the views of agency and stewardship theory on governance of the relationship between headquarters and subsidiaries. It explores the influence of strategy, task environment and cultural differences on this relationship. The conceptual model is explored based on a survey of 76 polish subsidiaries of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from 12 countries using partial least squares. The results show that the agency and stewardship mechanisms are used alongside each other, and are complementary. Agency mechanisms provide the platform on which stewardship mechanisms are built. Unexpectedly, the international strategy of the MNEs does not appear to influence the effectiveness and choice of the governance mechanisms. It is concluded that MNEs should recognise contextual and cultural differences in designing the headquarters-subsidiary governance.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"87 1","pages":"49-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73515026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As biotechnologies are increasingly specialized and interrelated, the research question posed by this study is: what determines a biotechnology firm's product performance, if the development and commercialization of drug products require multiple technologies that are not possessed by any one firm? In drawing on concepts from strategic alliance and absorptive capacity research, this study develops and empirically examines a concept of 'absorptive link' in the biotechnology industry. A firm's absorptive link underscores that a firm's ability to develop new products stems from its prior knowledge in commercializing new applications of resources held by not only the firm, but also that of its alliance partners. Such a concept generated 6 testable hypotheses to which were mostly supported in this study's Poisson regression analysis of the biotechnology industry. This study concludes by offering three key contributions to product performance research.
{"title":"'Absorptive link': an absorptive capacity and alliance approach to biotechnological product success","authors":"Desmond W. Ng","doi":"10.3920/JCNS2011.X194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/JCNS2011.X194","url":null,"abstract":"As biotechnologies are increasingly specialized and interrelated, the research question posed by this study is: what determines a biotechnology firm's product performance, if the development and commercialization of drug products require multiple technologies that are not possessed by any one firm? In drawing on concepts from strategic alliance and absorptive capacity research, this study develops and empirically examines a concept of 'absorptive link' in the biotechnology industry. A firm's absorptive link underscores that a firm's ability to develop new products stems from its prior knowledge in commercializing new applications of resources held by not only the firm, but also that of its alliance partners. Such a concept generated 6 testable hypotheses to which were mostly supported in this study's Poisson regression analysis of the biotechnology industry. This study concludes by offering three key contributions to product performance research.","PeriodicalId":17677,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Chain and Network Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"31-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78079972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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