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Analisis Perbandingan Sistem Proteksi Tegangan Sentuh Tidak Langsung Menggunakan ELCB dan MCB 基于ELCB和MCB的非直接接触电压保护系统比较
Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v7.i1.2022.83-90
S. Sunarto, Yoseph Santosa, S. Supriyanto
Human safety against touch voltage hazards is the most important factor in electric power systems. Danger of touch voltage can occur if humans touch the live parts directly or indirectly. Indirect touch can occur when humans touch the open conductive parts (BKT) of equipment which under normal circumstances has no voltage but can be live due to leakage current due to damage to insulation in electrical cables. Therefore it is necessary to protect against indirect touch voltage. This study aims to analyze indirect touch voltage protection using Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) and Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB). In this study, 30 mA ELCB and 2 A MCB were used as protection against indirect touch voltage hazards. The research data were obtained by using the experimental method, namely by conducting experiments in the laboratory. From the experimental results in the laboratory, it was found that the 30 mA ELCB is more sensitive as protection against indirect touch voltage than the MCB. This is because the working principle of the ELCB is based on the leakage current that occurs in the BKT, while the working principle of the MCB is based on the total current (leakage current and load current) flowing through the MCB.
在电力系统中,人体对接触电压危害的安全是最重要的因素。如果人类直接或间接接触带电部件,会产生接触电压的危险。当人类接触设备的开路导电部分(BKT)时,可能会发生间接接触,这些部分在正常情况下没有电压,但由于电缆绝缘损坏而产生泄漏电流,可能会带电。因此,有必要对间接接触电压进行保护。本研究旨在分析漏电断路器(ELCB)和微型断路器(MCB)的间接接触电压保护。在这项研究中,30 mA的ELCB和2a的MCB被用作间接接触电压危害的保护。研究数据是通过实验方法获得的,即在实验室进行实验。从实验室的实验结果来看,30ma ELCB对间接接触电压的保护比MCB更灵敏。这是因为ELCB的工作原理是基于BKT中发生的泄漏电流,而MCB的工作原理是基于流经MCB的总电流(泄漏电流和负载电流)。
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引用次数: 1
Pengaruh Perbedaan Anoda pada Sintesis Graphene Menggunakan Reaktor Elektrokimia Termodifikasi Solenoida 利用改良的电化学反应堆对石墨烯合成葡萄的影响
Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v7.i1.2022.11-16
Isnanda Nuriskasari, Devi Handaya, A. Pramono
Graphene is a new type of material that has excellent electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, mechanical and chemical properties. The graphene synthesis method that is currently being developed is through electrochemical peeling technique because it has the advantages of a fast manufacturing process, environmentally friendly, and low cost in the production process, as well as low value of the resulting material defects. This study aims to determine the effect of different anodes in the synthesis of graphene using the electrochemical stripping method of the graphite electrode layer. The anodes that were varied in this study were a commercial graphite electrode and an artificial graphite electrode in the form of a graphite-Phenol Formaldehyde (graphite-PF) composite. The cathode in this study is a fixed variable using commercial graphite. The result of this research is that the Graphite-PF composite electrode can act as an anode in the graphene synthesis process by electrochemically stripping the graphite electrode layer, although the resulting graphene is lower than the use of commercial graphite electrodes as anode. The 5A current from the power supply connected to the graphite electrode shows the best results. The use of a solenoid modified reactor can increase the weight of the graphene formed.
石墨烯是一种具有优异的电学、热学、磁学、光学、机械和化学性能的新型材料。目前正在开发的石墨烯合成方法是通过电化学剥离技术,因为它具有制造过程快、环保、生产过程成本低以及由此产生的材料缺陷价值低的优点。本研究旨在利用石墨电极层的电化学剥离法,确定不同阳极对石墨烯合成的影响。在本研究中,阳极的变化是一种商业石墨电极和一种人造石墨电极,其形式是石墨-酚醛(石墨- pf)复合材料。本研究的阴极是一个固定变量,使用商用石墨。本研究的结果是,通过电化学剥离石墨电极层,石墨- pf复合电极可以在石墨烯合成过程中作为阳极,尽管所得的石墨烯低于使用商用石墨电极作为阳极。从连接到石墨电极的电源的5A电流显示出最好的效果。使用螺线管改性反应器可以增加形成的石墨烯的重量。
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Level Penetrasi Pembangkit Skala Kecil Tersebar Terhadap Mitigasi Fuse Saluran Udara Tegangan Menengah 小型压力机插入水平的影响扩散到中等电压空气导管熔解
Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v7.i1.2022.1-10
S. Supriyanto, Heri Budi Utomo, Hari Purnama, R. Hartono
Fuse dan recloser secara tradisional digunakan untuk mereduksi gangguan pada saluran udara dimana pada feeder utama dipasang recloser dan pada lateral feeder dipasang fuse. Fuse adalah alat proteksi murah dan andal yang akan melebur dalam beberapa siklus akibat suatu arus gangguan yang tinggi. Untuk minimalisasi jumlah fuse yang putus, dilakukan back-up oleh recloser . Pada gangguan temporer, recloser akan mengkliring gangguan yang menjadi prioritas fuse . Skema proteksi ini dikenal sebagai fuse saving operation . Mekanisme koordinasi proteksi ini akan berubah ketika dilakukan integrasi Abstract Fuse and recloser are traditionally used to reduce interference in the airways where the main feeder is installed recloser and the lateral feeder is installed fuse. Fuses are inexpensive and reliable protection devices that will fuse over several cycles due to a high fault current. To minimize the number of broken fuses, a back-up is performed by the recloser. In the case of temporary disturbances, the recloser will clear the disturbance that is the priority of the fuse. This protection scheme is known as fuse saving operation. This protection coordination mechanism will change when the generating unit is integrated into the network. This occurs due to changes in the fault current due to the contribution of the fault current from the generator. The magnitude of the significant change is influenced by the location and capacity of the generating unit. The research objective is to develop an evaluation tool for the fuse mitigation process that is affected by mal coordination due to the location of the generator and the penetration level of the generator. The research methodology was carried out by developing software using MATLAB with the subject of the 34 node IEEE Test network study. The results showed that a low penetration level of 20% only had a small impact on protection coordination and a high penetration level only prevented mal coordination in installations near substations.
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引用次数: 0
Studi Kasus Analisis Manajemen Waktu dengan Metode Activity On Node pada Pembangunan Jalan Akses Docking 时间管理分析案例研究与对接路径建设的活动方法相关联
Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.321-328
Dewi Ayu Sofia, Ismidar Rahman, Haki Yusdinar
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引用次数: 0
Perancangan Aplikasi Pengumpulan Data Statistik Penguasaan Bola Berbasis Background Subtraction
Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.329-340
M. Fadhlan, Hertog Nugroho, L. Maldini
In football matches, possession of the ball becomes an assessment and evaluation material that shows opportunities to score. Calculation of ball possession is done by calculating the time of the total game time manually. Even though it is only an outline of the assessment of football matches, there are still many errors in writing match statistics due to human error, especially in Indonesia. To overcome this problem, in this study an application was made to collect ball possession statistical data using background subtraction. Several frames on the recording of a football match are taken to make a reference background and then a subtraction process is carried out with the frame during the match. The result of the subtraction will then form a rectangular border whose sides indicate the outermost object detected. The rectangular position will be divided into five conditions that determine ball possession statistics. The detection results are compared with human judgments to assess the detection accuracy. The result of this research is a prototype in the form of an application as the application of the background subtraction method. Based on the results of the research that has been done, the detection accuracy is 91%. Most of the errors occur because the object is idle for too long which makes the object in the background and is not detected by the system.
在足球比赛中,控球成为衡量得分机会的一种考核和评价材料。控球率的计算是通过人工计算总比赛时间来完成的。尽管这只是一个足球比赛评估的大纲,但由于人为错误,在编写比赛统计数据时仍然存在许多错误,特别是在印度尼西亚。为了克服这一问题,本研究采用背景减法来收集控球统计数据。在一场足球比赛的录像中取几帧作为参考背景,然后在比赛过程中对这些帧进行减法处理。然后,减法的结果将形成一个矩形边界,其边表示检测到的最外层物体。矩形位置将分为五个条件,决定控球统计。将检测结果与人的判断进行比较,以评估检测的准确性。本研究的结果是一个应用形式的原型作为背景减法的应用。根据已有的研究结果,该方法的检测准确率为91%。大多数错误的发生是因为对象空闲时间过长,使对象处于后台而未被系统检测到。
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引用次数: 0
Sistem Cerdas Pemilah Sampah Logam Non-Logam dan Penghitung Volume Sampah 智能金属整理系统非金属垃圾和垃圾收集器
Pub Date : 2021-12-26 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.303-312
M. Rahayu, Amy Nadia Hidayah, Ridwan Solihin, Suci Ramadona
Currently, human awareness to dispose of waste is not in accordance with the type of waste in its place, so all types of waste are mixed. The mixing of various types of waste can damage or reduce the value of materials that can be reused, especially metal-based waste which has a high selling value. By sorting the waste according to the type of waste, the recycling process can be carried out. Therefore, in this paper an innovation is made for a trash can that can separate metal and non-metallic types of waste automatically. The way this system works is that it is placed in an initial shelter, then detected by a proximity sensor to determine whether the waste is metal or non-metallic. When garbage is detected, the garbage bin can drop the garbage into the metal bin with the help of a servo. Likewise with non-metallic waste. The volume of waste can be detected by ultrasonic sensors. If the volume of the trash can is at its maximum, the alarm can sound. Furthermore, the data on the volume of the trash can is transmitted by the wifi module to the application on the smartphone, so that the garbage officer can find out if the volume of waste reaches the maximum. After testing, the e-Separator system can be categorized as very good with an accuracy of sensor readings that are above 95% accuracy of distance accuracy in detecting volume which reaches more than 98%. The average delay of servo movement is faster than 5 seconds and the error percentage in sending data to applications reaches 0%.
目前,人类对垃圾的处理意识不是按照垃圾的种类在其所在的地方,所以各种类型的垃圾是混合的。各种废物的混合会破坏或降低可重复使用的材料的价值,特别是具有高销售价值的金属废物。根据废物的种类对废物进行分类,可以进行回收处理。因此,本文对一种能够自动分离金属和非金属类垃圾的垃圾桶进行了创新。这个系统的工作方式是,它被放置在一个初始的遮蔽物中,然后由一个接近传感器检测,以确定废物是金属还是非金属。当检测到垃圾时,垃圾桶借助伺服器将垃圾投放到金属垃圾桶中。非金属废物也是如此。废物的体积可以用超声波传感器检测出来。当垃圾筒的体积达到最大时,会发出警报声。此外,垃圾桶的体积数据通过wifi模块传输到智能手机上的应用程序,这样垃圾管理人员就可以知道垃圾量是否达到了最大值。经过测试,e-Separator系统可以归类为非常好的,传感器读数的准确度在95%以上,检测体积的距离准确度达到98%以上。伺服运动的平均延迟超过5秒,向应用程序发送数据的错误率达到0%。
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引用次数: 0
E-Lock: Sistem Otorisasi Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan E-KTP Berbasis IoT 电子锁:汽车授权系统使用大量的E-KTP
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.193-200
R. Hartono, M. Rahayu, Vina Fitriana
Motor vehicle security systems using conventional ignition are considered vulnerable to be hacked. So replacing the ignition key of a motorized vehicle using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology from the Electronic Identity Card (E-KTP) and vehicle tracking are alternatives for vehicle security. In this study, an E-Lock system has been realized which can be a solution to limit access to the use of motorized vehicles by unauthorized persons. The tool is made using an RC522 RFID module to read the E-KTP ID of motorized vehicle owners in order to activate the ignition. The ATMega2560 microcontroller will activate the relay as a parameter ON/OFF switch on the motorized vehicle power supply line. The system is also equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking which can be accessed via mobile and web applications. Mobile application users can send complaint reports as well as the latest location data from their motorized vehicles to the web. Complaint information on the web can be accessed by the police for tracking. The test was carried out 10 times for 5 samples of E-KTP. The E-Lock tool shows good performance in reading the E-KTP ID and activating the relay with an effective reading distance of 2.5 cm. The system can send data when the signal is stable, and the application can access the data according to the database. In the GPS test, the error value is less than 1% with the smallest error distance of less than 1 meter and the farthest error distance of more than 5 meters.
使用传统点火的机动车辆安全系统被认为容易被黑客攻击。因此,用射频识别(RFID)技术取代电子身份证(E-KTP)和车辆跟踪技术是保证车辆安全的替代方案。在这项研究中,实现了一个E-Lock系统,它可以作为一个解决方案来限制未经授权的人使用机动车辆。该工具使用RC522 RFID模块来读取机动车辆车主的E-KTP ID,以激活点火。ATMega2560微控制器将激活继电器作为机动车电源线上的参数ON/OFF开关。该系统还配备了全球定位系统(GPS)跟踪,可以通过手机和网络应用程序访问。移动应用程序用户可以将投诉报告以及机动车辆的最新位置数据发送到网络上。警方可以访问网上的投诉信息进行追踪。对5份E-KTP样品进行10次检测。E-Lock工具在读取E-KTP ID和激活继电器方面表现良好,有效读取距离为2.5 cm。系统可以在信号稳定的情况下发送数据,应用程序可以根据数据库访问数据。在GPS测试中,误差值小于1%,最小误差距离小于1米,最远误差距离大于5米。
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引用次数: 0
Analisis Bibliometrik Perkembangan Penelitian Adopsi E-Commerce Menggunakan VOSViewer 使用VOSViewer对采用E-Commerce研究开发文本分析
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.207-214
Lila Setiyani, Yeny Rostiani
The adoption of e-commerce among business actors such as Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is very popular in increasing their productivity. This popularity has prompted an abundance of research on the topic of e-commerce adoption. The problem of this research is what research themes have been studied in the study of e-commerce adoption and research opportunities for e-commerce adoption that can be carried out in the future. This study aims to map out an overview of e-commerce adoption research themes by utilizing bibliometric analysis to assess the performance of scientific articles as well as to describe e-commerce adoption research opportunities. This research data is metadata extracted from the Google Scholar and Crosreff databases from 2016 to 2020. All information is exported to Research Information Systems (RIS) format for analysis purposes using VOSviewer software. The number of document metadata collected was 1997 articles. The results of the analysis show that the investigation of the relationship between the topic of e-commerce adoption and the topic of social media commerce, mobile commerce, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) will become the dominant topic by 2018. Research on e-commerce adoption has broad potential and opportunities, including the topic of mobile commerce adoption. , mobile wallet, facebook, and cloud computing. This research can be a reference for other researchers who will research on the topic of e-commerce adoption.
中小型企业(sme)等商业行为者在提高生产力方面非常流行采用电子商务。这种受欢迎程度促使了对电子商务采用这一主题的大量研究。本研究的问题是在电子商务采用的研究中研究了哪些研究主题,以及未来可以开展的电子商务采用的研究机会。本研究旨在透过文献计量分析来评估科技文章的表现,并描述电子商务采用的研究机会,勾勒出电子商务采用研究主题的概述。本研究数据为2016年至2020年从Google Scholar和Crosreff数据库中提取的元数据。所有信息导出到研究信息系统(RIS)格式,使用VOSviewer软件进行分析。收集的文档元数据数量为1997篇文章。分析结果显示,到2018年,调查电子商务采用与社交媒体商务、移动商务和技术接受模型(TAM)之间的关系将成为主导话题。电子商务采用的研究具有广泛的潜力和机会,包括移动电子商务采用的主题。、移动钱包、facebook和云计算。本研究可以为其他研究电子商务采用的研究者提供参考。
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引用次数: 2
Implementasi Metode Kaizen dalam Reduce Cycle Time Surfacer di Line Surfacer Booth 采用改进的方法,减少表面处理车间的循环时间
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.247-252
H. Hessa, Dedi Ambari, Kurniansyah Kurniansyah
Kaizen telah menjadi budaya kerja yang mendominasi untuk menyampaikan perubahan sangat besar di banyak perusahaan Jepang. Kaizen berfokus pada perbaikan secara terus menerus, maka strategi Kaizen merupakan manajemen wajib untuk memuaskan dan memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan. Terlihat dari hasil observasi yang dilakukan secara langsung di lokasi, diketahui terjadi proses aliran produksi yang belum sesuai standar. Tentunya jika hal ini diabaikan akan berdampak pada biaya perusahaan ke depannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perusahaan manufaktur berasal dari Jepang yang berkecimpung pada bidang industri otomotif dalam pembuatan dan perakitan komponen kendaraan yang berada di Karawang. Selain itu dilakukan di line surfacer booth dalam tujuan untuk mengurangi cycle time surfacer. Hal ini menjadi fokus penelitian kali ini, terlihat di line surfacer terdapat aliran produksi yang tidak sesuai standar sehingga hasil dari produk terjadi kecacatan dan tentunya konsumen akan merasa tidak puas. Penelitian ini memakai naratif kualitatif yaitu mengumpulkan data sesuai faktor pendukung terhadap objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian berfokus pada data historis penerapan budaya Kaizen yang terdapat pada perusahaan melalui wawancara dan adaptasinya pada perusahaan untuk diimplementasikan.
开城已经成为一种主导工作文化,向许多日本公司传达巨大的变化。开城战略是满足和满足客户需求的强制性管理。从现场对生产过程的直接观察可以看出,生产过程还没有达到标准。当然,忽视这一点将对公司未来的成本产生影响。这项研究是在日本制造公司进行的,这家公司涉及在卡拉旺生产汽车零件和制造汽车零件的日本人。此外,它是在网格上进行的,目的是减少循环时间覆盖。这是我们今天研究的重点,在网络上看到的是不合格的生产流,导致产品有缺陷,消费者肯定会感到不满。本研究采用叙事性质的方法来收集研究对象的支持因素的数据。这项研究的重点是通过对企业的采访和对企业的适应,在企业中找到了对改善文化应用的历史数据。
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引用次数: 0
Implementasi Deteksi Adaptif Watermark Berbasis Domain Transformasi Wavelet 基于Wavelet转换域的水标记检测实现
Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.31544/jtera.v6.i2.2021.225-236
Rahmawati Hasanah, Mina Naidah Gani, Rifa Hanifatunnisa, N. Nafila
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引用次数: 0
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