Porphyridium cruentum ada salah satu jenis mikroalga uniseluler dari kelas Rhodophyceae yang memiliki karbohidrat. Kandungan karbohidratnya yang tinggi, sehingga mikroalga ini berpotensi sebagai sumber bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses hidrolisis biomasa P. cruentum menggunakan asam untuk menghasilkan bioetanol. Biomassa P. cruentum dihidrolisis dengan menggunakan 2 jenis asam yaitu HNO 3 dan H 2 SO 4. Variasi konsentrasi asam yang digunakan adalah 1%; 2% dan 3%, pada suhu 100 o C selama 60 menit. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5 hari dengan menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Analisis karbohidrat menggunakan metoda fenol sulfat, gula pereduksi menggunakan metoda DNS, sedangkan analisis kadar etanol menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Hasil dari studi ini, kandungan karbohidrat P. cruentum diperoleh sebesar 22,82%. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam yang digunakan, semakin tinggi pula kadar gula reduksi yang diperoleh. Kadar etanol dari biomasa yang dihidrolisis menggunakan H 2 SO 4 maksimum dicapai pada konsentrasi 1% H 2 SO 4 yaitu 34,5% dan dicapai pada hari ke-4, sedangkan biomassa yang dihidrolisis dengan HNO 3 maksimum dicapai pada konsentrasi 2% yaitu sebesar 14,83% pada hari ke-2. Penggunaan konsentrasi asam yang rendah dapat mengurangi efek negatif terhadap lingkungan. Mikroalga P. cruentum yang mengandung karbohidrat 22,82% dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan baku untuk menghasilkan bioetanol yang berkelanjutan.
鳞茎菌是菱形类中含有碳水化合物的一种单细胞微藻。它的碳水化合物含量很高，这使得微藻成为生物乙醇的潜在来源。这项研究的目的是确定克鲁entum P. cruentum的生物水解过程使用酸产生生物乙醇。经2种酸(h3)和H 2 SO 4)组成的生物质能。所用酸浓度的变化是1%;2%和3%的温度是100摄氏度持续60分钟。发酵是用盐焦糖小脑进行的5天。碳水化合物分析采用硫酸苯酚法，糖还原剂采用DNS方法论，而乙醇水平分析则采用高性能的液体色谱法。研究结果表明，克鲁entum P的碳水化合物含量为22.82%。酸性浓度越高，还原糖的含量就越高。皮质醇以H -2 -4的最大浓度达到11% - H -2低酸性浓度的使用可以减少对环境的负面影响。含有222.82%碳水化合物的微藻P. cruentum可以被用作生产可持续生物乙醇的原料之一。
{"title":"Hidrolisis Biomassa Mikroalga Porphyridium cruentum Menggunakan Asam (H2SO4 dan HNO3) dalam Produksi Bioetanol","authors":"Ni Wayan Sri Agustini, Nadhil Febrian","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V41I1.3962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V41I1.3962","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyridium cruentum ada salah satu jenis mikroalga uniseluler dari kelas Rhodophyceae yang memiliki karbohidrat. Kandungan karbohidratnya yang tinggi, sehingga mikroalga ini berpotensi sebagai sumber bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses hidrolisis biomasa P. cruentum menggunakan asam untuk menghasilkan bioetanol. Biomassa P. cruentum dihidrolisis dengan menggunakan 2 jenis asam yaitu HNO 3 dan H 2 SO 4. Variasi konsentrasi asam yang digunakan adalah 1%; 2% dan 3%, pada suhu 100 o C selama 60 menit. Fermentasi dilakukan selama 5 hari dengan menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Analisis karbohidrat menggunakan metoda fenol sulfat, gula pereduksi menggunakan metoda DNS, sedangkan analisis kadar etanol menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Hasil dari studi ini, kandungan karbohidrat P. cruentum diperoleh sebesar 22,82%. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi asam yang digunakan, semakin tinggi pula kadar gula reduksi yang diperoleh. Kadar etanol dari biomasa yang dihidrolisis menggunakan H 2 SO 4 maksimum dicapai pada konsentrasi 1% H 2 SO 4 yaitu 34,5% dan dicapai pada hari ke-4, sedangkan biomassa yang dihidrolisis dengan HNO 3 maksimum dicapai pada konsentrasi 2% yaitu sebesar 14,83% pada hari ke-2. Penggunaan konsentrasi asam yang rendah dapat mengurangi efek negatif terhadap lingkungan. Mikroalga P. cruentum yang mengandung karbohidrat 22,82% dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu bahan baku untuk menghasilkan bioetanol yang berkelanjutan.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48756763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Vol. 41 No.1 April 2019","authors":"Jkk Editor","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v41i1.5161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v41i1.5161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46917384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waste water from leather tanning industries contains high pollutant of organic and inorganic matters. Fragmented method of waste water treatment management has been done in PT K, leather tanning industry, Malang. This method based on the characteristic ot the waste water from each leather tanning process with four group treatment process to reduce the COD content. By implementing this method the result shows that the COD content decreasing from 4047,68 ppm to 793,37 ppm (80,40 %); other benefit is reducing bad smell during the process.
{"title":"Metoda Pengolahan Limbah Terpilah Pada Industri Penyamakan Kulit","authors":"Kendedes Y","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4777","url":null,"abstract":"Waste water from leather tanning industries contains high pollutant of organic and inorganic matters. Fragmented method of waste water treatment management has been done in PT K, leather tanning industry, Malang. This method based on the characteristic ot the waste water from each leather tanning process with four group treatment process to reduce the COD content. By implementing this method the result shows that the COD content decreasing from 4047,68 ppm to 793,37 ppm (80,40 %); other benefit is reducing bad smell during the process.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46491183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The choice of a packaging material for a particular product raises a number of important considerations. Applications of polypropylene and polyethylene plastic container has widely used for iodized salt packaging in the form of bag has indicated that it was the most economic and practical container, for it's characteristic of the material is easy to form, light weight, variety of colour, flexible. From technical point of view the packaging's function are : (1) to keep the product in a good condition during distribution and storage. (2) to protect the product from contamination.
{"title":"Kemasan Plastik Garam Beriodium","authors":"Hamdani Machmud","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4946","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of a packaging material for a particular product raises a number of important considerations. Applications of polypropylene and polyethylene plastic container has widely used for iodized salt packaging in the form of bag has indicated that it was the most economic and practical container, for it's characteristic of the material is easy to form, light weight, variety of colour, flexible. From technical point of view the packaging's function are : (1) to keep the product in a good condition during distribution and storage. (2) to protect the product from contamination.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48827945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indonesia has been facing natural gas declining problem since 2003, and one of the alternative solutions which can be proposed is by producing gas from the stranded area. Stranded gas is not much developed due to its remote location and a small number of gas reserves. Natural Gas Hydrates or NGH is one of promising alternative medium for natural gas transportation, but it is not much developed yet. Transportation of NGH requires neither cryogenic temperature as LNG does nor high pressure as CNG does. This theoretical study will suggest a simulation scheme to produce synthetic NGH. Production of synthetic NGH utilizes a refrigeration cycle as a cooling source. Based on proposed proses for converting natural gas to NGH, various design parameters for a refrigeration cycle have been investigated. Results obtained suggested that propane as a refrigerant with a specific operating parameter can be a good alternative for the production of NGH.
{"title":"Comparative Study Of Various Chemical Refrigerants For Natural Gas Hydrates Production As Alternative Media For Natural Gas Transportation","authors":"Ario Guritno, S. Slamet","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v40i2.3939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v40i2.3939","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has been facing natural gas declining problem since 2003, and one of the alternative solutions which can be proposed is by producing gas from the stranded area. Stranded gas is not much developed due to its remote location and a small number of gas reserves. Natural Gas Hydrates or NGH is one of promising alternative medium for natural gas transportation, but it is not much developed yet. Transportation of NGH requires neither cryogenic temperature as LNG does nor high pressure as CNG does. This theoretical study will suggest a simulation scheme to produce synthetic NGH. Production of synthetic NGH utilizes a refrigeration cycle as a cooling source. Based on proposed proses for converting natural gas to NGH, various design parameters for a refrigeration cycle have been investigated. Results obtained suggested that propane as a refrigerant with a specific operating parameter can be a good alternative for the production of NGH.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49461248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ghozali, Yenny Meliana, Sri Fahmiati, E. Triwulandari, Akhmad Darmawan
Pada penelitian ini, sintesis asam oleat terepoksidasi dilakukan dengan tujuan mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi asam asetat dan hidrogen peroksida pada proses epoksidasi asam oleat tanpa menggunakan katalis. Reaksi epoksidasi asam oleat dilakukan pada suhu 60 °C selama 5 jam dengan kecepatan pengadukan sekitar 525 rpm. Karakterisasi terhadap produk asam oleat terepoksidasi dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis bilangan iod, analisis bilangan oksiran, analisis Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) . Hasil analisis bilangan oksiran menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak mol asam asetat dan mol hidrogen peroksida yang ditambahkan akan cenderung meningkatkan nilai oksiran asam oleat terepoksidasi. Kondisi optimum sintesis asam oleat terepoksidasi tanpa menggunakan katalis diperoleh pada saat perbandingan mol antara asam oleat : asam asetat : hidrogen peroksida sebesar 1:4:9 dengan nilai bilangan oksiran sebesar 1,95 dengan konversi bilangan oksiran 62,30 % dan bilangan iod 17,23 g I 2 /g sampel. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya gugus epoksida pada bilangan gelombang 837 cm -1 . Hasil analisis NMR juga menunjukkan adanya pergeseran kimia baru pada 2,32 ppm sampai 2,35 ppm ( H-NMR ) dan 72,72 ppm ( C-NMR ) yang berkaitan dengan proton dan karbon yang terikat pada gugus oksiran.
{"title":"Sintesis Asam Oleat Terepoksidasi dengan Katalis Asam Asetat","authors":"M. Ghozali, Yenny Meliana, Sri Fahmiati, E. Triwulandari, Akhmad Darmawan","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3465","url":null,"abstract":"Pada penelitian ini, sintesis asam oleat terepoksidasi dilakukan dengan tujuan mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi asam asetat dan hidrogen peroksida pada proses epoksidasi asam oleat tanpa menggunakan katalis. Reaksi epoksidasi asam oleat dilakukan pada suhu 60 °C selama 5 jam dengan kecepatan pengadukan sekitar 525 rpm. Karakterisasi terhadap produk asam oleat terepoksidasi dilakukan dengan melakukan analisis bilangan iod, analisis bilangan oksiran, analisis Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) . Hasil analisis bilangan oksiran menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyak mol asam asetat dan mol hidrogen peroksida yang ditambahkan akan cenderung meningkatkan nilai oksiran asam oleat terepoksidasi. Kondisi optimum sintesis asam oleat terepoksidasi tanpa menggunakan katalis diperoleh pada saat perbandingan mol antara asam oleat : asam asetat : hidrogen peroksida sebesar 1:4:9 dengan nilai bilangan oksiran sebesar 1,95 dengan konversi bilangan oksiran 62,30 % dan bilangan iod 17,23 g I 2 /g sampel. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan terbentuknya gugus epoksida pada bilangan gelombang 837 cm -1 . Hasil analisis NMR juga menunjukkan adanya pergeseran kimia baru pada 2,32 ppm sampai 2,35 ppm ( H-NMR ) dan 72,72 ppm ( C-NMR ) yang berkaitan dengan proton dan karbon yang terikat pada gugus oksiran.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface JKK Vol. 40 No.2 Oktober 2018","authors":"Jkk Editor","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v40i2.4322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v40i2.4322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46637381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Munir, E. Sarmini, H. Herlina, Anung Pujiyanto, I. Saptiama, Kadarisman Kadarisman, S. Kurnia
Zirconium-based material (ZBM) has an important role in producing Technetium-99m (99mTc) due to its high adsorption capacity to Molybdenum-99 (99Mo). The adsorption capacity of the ZBM depends on the specific surface area which is influenced by several parameters in the synthesis process. This study aims to investigate the influence of drying time and temperature on the structure and specific surface area of the ZBM. Synthesis of the ZBM was carried out using zirconium chloride, 2-propanol, water and tetrahydrofuran at 75 °C, 90 °C and 120 °C and for 3 hr, 5 hr and 7 hr, respectively. Functional group and specific surface area of the ZBM was analyzed by FTIR and BET method, respectively. At the variation of drying time, the functional group pattern showed by FTIR spectra was not significantly different. The O-H group of the ZBM increased as the drying temperature decreases. At 75 and 90°C, the specific surface area increased as the function of time was increased but was decreased at 120°C. The highest surface area of the synthesized ZBM had a poor performance as a 99Mo/99mTc generator material, whereas the eluate met the required standard.
{"title":"Influence Of Drying Time And Temperature On Zirconium-Based Material (ZBM) Properties For 99Mo/99mTc Generator Development","authors":"M. Munir, E. Sarmini, H. Herlina, Anung Pujiyanto, I. Saptiama, Kadarisman Kadarisman, S. Kurnia","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v40i2.3772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v40i2.3772","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconium-based material (ZBM) has an important role in producing Technetium-99m (99mTc) due to its high adsorption capacity to Molybdenum-99 (99Mo). The adsorption capacity of the ZBM depends on the specific surface area which is influenced by several parameters in the synthesis process. This study aims to investigate the influence of drying time and temperature on the structure and specific surface area of the ZBM. Synthesis of the ZBM was carried out using zirconium chloride, 2-propanol, water and tetrahydrofuran at 75 °C, 90 °C and 120 °C and for 3 hr, 5 hr and 7 hr, respectively. Functional group and specific surface area of the ZBM was analyzed by FTIR and BET method, respectively. At the variation of drying time, the functional group pattern showed by FTIR spectra was not significantly different. The O-H group of the ZBM increased as the drying temperature decreases. At 75 and 90°C, the specific surface area increased as the function of time was increased but was decreased at 120°C. The highest surface area of the synthesized ZBM had a poor performance as a 99Mo/99mTc generator material, whereas the eluate met the required standard.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45702794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spirulina mengandung bahan aktif sebagai antioksidan, yang dapat digunakan untuk industri farmasi, kosmetik dan pangan. Antioksidan dapat dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi Spirulina sp untuk mendapatkan antioksidan dengan menggunakan metoda ultrasonikasi serta mengaplikasikannya pada krim kosmetik. Tahapan metode penelitian ini adalah: Ekstraksi dengan ultrasonikasi, menggunakan variabel waktu sonikasi selama 15 menit, 30 menit dan 45 menit; variable pelarut yaitu air dan etanol; identifikasi jenis antioksidan; analisis kandungan senyawa antioksidan dan pembuatan sediaan krim kosmetik. Variable pada pembuatan krim yaitu kadar ekstrak 0,1% dan 0,2%; serta waktu sonikasi selama 15 menit dan 30 menit. Pada proses ekstraksi Spirulina , waktu sonikasi yang menghasilkan antioksidan optimum adalah 15 menit, dengan kandungan antioksidan sebesar 452,87 µM, aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 70,27%, kandungan beta-karoten sebesar 15,98 mg/kg dan rendemen sebesar 37,15%. Aplikasi pada krim kosmetik optimum pada kondisi sonikasi 15 menit dan kadar ekstrak 0,2% dengan karakteristik krim yaitu kadar beta-karoten 4,85 mg/kg; kandungan antioksidan 16,83 µM; stabil selama penyimpanan dan cycling test ; berwarna kuning, tidak berbau, tekstur halus, dan homogen; pH 7; serta cemaran mikroorganisme di bawah ambang batas sehingga aman digunakan. Hasil ekstraksi Spirulina yaitu beta-karoten dapat diekstraksi dengan air dan dapat diaplikasikan pada krim kosmetik sebagai sumber antioksidan.
{"title":"Ekstraksi Antioksidan Spirulina sp. Dengan Menggunakan Metode Ultrasonikasi Dan Aplikasinya Untuk Krim Kosmetik","authors":"Siti Agustina, Novi Nur Aidha, Eva Oktarina","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v40i2.4100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v40i2.4100","url":null,"abstract":"Spirulina mengandung bahan aktif sebagai antioksidan, yang dapat digunakan untuk industri farmasi, kosmetik dan pangan. Antioksidan dapat dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi Spirulina sp untuk mendapatkan antioksidan dengan menggunakan metoda ultrasonikasi serta mengaplikasikannya pada krim kosmetik. Tahapan metode penelitian ini adalah: Ekstraksi dengan ultrasonikasi, menggunakan variabel waktu sonikasi selama 15 menit, 30 menit dan 45 menit; variable pelarut yaitu air dan etanol; identifikasi jenis antioksidan; analisis kandungan senyawa antioksidan dan pembuatan sediaan krim kosmetik. Variable pada pembuatan krim yaitu kadar ekstrak 0,1% dan 0,2%; serta waktu sonikasi selama 15 menit dan 30 menit. Pada proses ekstraksi Spirulina , waktu sonikasi yang menghasilkan antioksidan optimum adalah 15 menit, dengan kandungan antioksidan sebesar 452,87 µM, aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 70,27%, kandungan beta-karoten sebesar 15,98 mg/kg dan rendemen sebesar 37,15%. Aplikasi pada krim kosmetik optimum pada kondisi sonikasi 15 menit dan kadar ekstrak 0,2% dengan karakteristik krim yaitu kadar beta-karoten 4,85 mg/kg; kandungan antioksidan 16,83 µM; stabil selama penyimpanan dan cycling test ; berwarna kuning, tidak berbau, tekstur halus, dan homogen; pH 7; serta cemaran mikroorganisme di bawah ambang batas sehingga aman digunakan. Hasil ekstraksi Spirulina yaitu beta-karoten dapat diekstraksi dengan air dan dapat diaplikasikan pada krim kosmetik sebagai sumber antioksidan.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45365089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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