Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui proses bertahap delignifikasi NaOH dilanjutkan dengan pemutihan menggunakan NaClO 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit berhasil ditingkatkan hingga hampir dua kali dari 37,6 ± 0,3% menjadi 84,2 ± 0,3%. Lebih lanjut, proses pemutihan multi tahap menggunakan NaClO 2 dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi sebesar 3,1 ± 0,2% hampir sama dengan standar selulosa, yaitu 2,6%. Penggunaan NaClO 2 juga mampu menurunkan kadar hemiselulosa hingga 12,6%, lebih rendah dibandingkan standar selulosa, yaitu 16,6%. Dari hasil FTIR , gugus puncak serapan selulosa meningkat secara signifikan, sedangkan hemiselulosa dan lignin mengalami penurunan intensitas. Analisa SEM menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi basa dan pemutihan menyebabkan permukaan serat TKS berpori dan bersih yang mengindikasikan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, proses delignifikasi NaOH dan pemutihan NaClO 2 memiliki selektivitas tinggi yang dapat secara simultan mengurangi kadar hemiselulosa dan lignin tanpa merusak struktur selulosa.
{"title":"Pengaruh Proses Pemutihan Multi Tahap Serat Selulosa Dari Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit","authors":"Athanasia Amanda Septevani, Dian Burhani, Sudiyarmanto Sudiyarmanto","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3508","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit melalui proses bertahap delignifikasi NaOH dilanjutkan dengan pemutihan menggunakan NaClO 2 . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan selulosa limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit berhasil ditingkatkan hingga hampir dua kali dari 37,6 ± 0,3% menjadi 84,2 ± 0,3%. Lebih lanjut, proses pemutihan multi tahap menggunakan NaClO 2 dapat menurunkan kandungan lignin tandan kosong kelapa sawit menjadi sebesar 3,1 ± 0,2% hampir sama dengan standar selulosa, yaitu 2,6%. Penggunaan NaClO 2 juga mampu menurunkan kadar hemiselulosa hingga 12,6%, lebih rendah dibandingkan standar selulosa, yaitu 16,6%. Dari hasil FTIR , gugus puncak serapan selulosa meningkat secara signifikan, sedangkan hemiselulosa dan lignin mengalami penurunan intensitas. Analisa SEM menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi basa dan pemutihan menyebabkan permukaan serat TKS berpori dan bersih yang mengindikasikan berkurangnya lignin dan hemiselulosa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, proses delignifikasi NaOH dan pemutihan NaClO 2 memiliki selektivitas tinggi yang dapat secara simultan mengurangi kadar hemiselulosa dan lignin tanpa merusak struktur selulosa.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47641107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh rendemen optimal minyak biji labu kuning ditinjau dari metode ekstraksi dan pelarut, menentukan sifat fisika kimia minyak biji labu kuning, serta menentukan komposisi minyak biji labu kuning dengan metode Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ( GC-MS ). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah penggunaan metode dan jenis pelarut sedangkan sebagai kelompok adalah waktu analisis. Pengujian antar rataan perlakuan dilakukan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan tingkat kebermaknaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak biji labu kuning optimal diperoleh dari penggunaan metode soxhlet dengan pelarut heksana yaitu sebesar 36,65 ± 2,20%. Minyak yang diperoleh berwarna merah kecoklatan berbau khas biji labu kuning dengan kadar air minyak 3,86 ± 1,21%; massa jenis minyak 0,83 ± 0,03 g/ml; kadar asam lemak bebas 6,56 ± 2,59%; bilangan asam 13,06 ± 5,15 mg KOH/g; bilangan peroksida 6,54 ± 0,09 meq O 2 /kg; dan bilangan penyabunan 199,44 ± 0,47 mg KOH/g. Hasil analisis G C-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji labu kuning tersusun atas 4 komponen utama yaitu : asam palmitat (24,64%); asam linoleat (57,96%); asam stearat (6,83%); dan skualena (2,13% dan 8,44%).
该研究的目的是从提取和溶剂的方法中获得最理想的黄瓜籽油，确定黄籽油的物理化学性质，并通过其气体色素沉着测定法(GC-MS)确定黄籽油的成分。通过群组(书架)的随机设计、四种治疗方法和六种重复来分析数据。治疗是使用方法和溶剂类型，团队则是分析时间。试验方法采用了真正诚实的测试，测试了价值5%的染色率。研究结果表明,rendemen南瓜获得最佳籽油的使用方法和溶剂heksana soxhlet即大36.65±2,20%。石油获得的卡其色红色带有典型的黄色南瓜子油水分3,86±1,21%;油密度0.83±0.03 g / ml;自由脂肪酸水平6.56±2,59%;民数记酸13.06±5,15高mg / g;民数记过氧化6.54±0.09 meq O 2 /公斤;和民数记肥皂站199.44±0,47 mg KOH - g。对G - ms的分析表明，黄瓜籽油是四种主要成分:棕榈酸(2464%);油毡酸(57.96%);醋酸(6.83%);和skualena(2,13%和8.44%)。
{"title":"Profil Asam Lemak Dan Karakterisasi Minyak Biji Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata D.)","authors":"Hartati Soetjipto, Trisna Anggreini, Margareta Novian Cahyanti","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3797","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh rendemen optimal minyak biji labu kuning ditinjau dari metode ekstraksi dan pelarut, menentukan sifat fisika kimia minyak biji labu kuning, serta menentukan komposisi minyak biji labu kuning dengan metode Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ( GC-MS ). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan adalah penggunaan metode dan jenis pelarut sedangkan sebagai kelompok adalah waktu analisis. Pengujian antar rataan perlakuan dilakukan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ) dengan tingkat kebermaknaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen minyak biji labu kuning optimal diperoleh dari penggunaan metode soxhlet dengan pelarut heksana yaitu sebesar 36,65 ± 2,20%. Minyak yang diperoleh berwarna merah kecoklatan berbau khas biji labu kuning dengan kadar air minyak 3,86 ± 1,21%; massa jenis minyak 0,83 ± 0,03 g/ml; kadar asam lemak bebas 6,56 ± 2,59%; bilangan asam 13,06 ± 5,15 mg KOH/g; bilangan peroksida 6,54 ± 0,09 meq O 2 /kg; dan bilangan penyabunan 199,44 ± 0,47 mg KOH/g. Hasil analisis G C-MS menunjukkan bahwa minyak biji labu kuning tersusun atas 4 komponen utama yaitu : asam palmitat (24,64%); asam linoleat (57,96%); asam stearat (6,83%); dan skualena (2,13% dan 8,44%).","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44741787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isroi Isroi, G. Supeni, D. Eris, A. A. Cahyaningtyas
Biodegrability of edible bioplastic made from cassava starch was evaluated by using landfill soil and plantation soil as natural inoculum. The edible bioplastics used in this study were bioplastic without and with addition of hydrophobic liquid. Biodegradation test of the bioplastic compared with conventional plastic samples were conducted in the glass jar for 60 days. The carbon dioxide generated from the biodegradation process absorbed by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions. The carbon dioxide was titrated with 0.1 N HCl, using phenolphthalein and then followed by methyl orange as indicator. There was no carbon dioxide released from the conventional plastic during the test. Biodegradation of the bioplastic in plantation soil was higher than in landfill soil. Biodegradation rate of the bioplastic in landfill soil were 0.201 mg CO 2 /day and 0.249 mg CO 2 /day for bioplastic without and with hydrophobic liquid, respectively. Biodegradation rate of the bioplastic in plantation soil were 0.604 mg CO 2 /day and 0.424 mg CO 2 /day for bioplastic without and with hydrophobic liquid, respectively. Complete biodegradation of the bioplastic in landfill soil predicted in 431 days and 366 days, respectively. In other hand, complete biodegradation of the bioplastic in plantation soil predicted in 151 days and 201 days, respectively. Microbes population in the soil could be affected the biodegradation rate of the bioplastics.
以垃圾填埋场土壤和人工林土壤为天然接种剂，对木薯淀粉制备的食用生物塑料的生物降解性进行了评价。本研究中使用的食用生物塑料分为不加疏水液体和添加疏水液体的生物塑料。将生物塑料与常规塑料样品在玻璃罐中进行60天的生物降解试验。生物降解过程中产生的二氧化碳被0.1 N的氢氧化钠溶液吸收。以酚酞为指示剂，再以甲基橙为指示剂，用0.1盐酸滴定二氧化碳。在测试过程中，传统塑料没有释放出二氧化碳。人工林土壤中生物塑料的降解程度高于填埋土壤。无疏水液和有疏水液的生物塑料在填埋场土壤中的生物降解率分别为0.201 mg CO 2 /d和0.249 mg CO 2 /d。无疏水液和有疏水液的生物塑料在人工林土壤中的生物降解率分别为0.604 mg CO 2 /d和0.424 mg CO 2 /d。生物塑料在填埋场土壤中的完全降解时间分别为431天和366天。人工林土壤生物塑料的完全降解时间分别为151 d和201 d。土壤中微生物的数量会影响生物塑料的降解速率。
{"title":"Biodegradability of Cassava Edible Bioplastics in Landfill Soil and Plantation Soil","authors":"Isroi Isroi, G. Supeni, D. Eris, A. A. Cahyaningtyas","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v40i2.3596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v40i2.3596","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegrability of edible bioplastic made from cassava starch was evaluated by using landfill soil and plantation soil as natural inoculum. The edible bioplastics used in this study were bioplastic without and with addition of hydrophobic liquid. Biodegradation test of the bioplastic compared with conventional plastic samples were conducted in the glass jar for 60 days. The carbon dioxide generated from the biodegradation process absorbed by 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solutions. The carbon dioxide was titrated with 0.1 N HCl, using phenolphthalein and then followed by methyl orange as indicator. There was no carbon dioxide released from the conventional plastic during the test. Biodegradation of the bioplastic in plantation soil was higher than in landfill soil. Biodegradation rate of the bioplastic in landfill soil were 0.201 mg CO 2 /day and 0.249 mg CO 2 /day for bioplastic without and with hydrophobic liquid, respectively. Biodegradation rate of the bioplastic in plantation soil were 0.604 mg CO 2 /day and 0.424 mg CO 2 /day for bioplastic without and with hydrophobic liquid, respectively. Complete biodegradation of the bioplastic in landfill soil predicted in 431 days and 366 days, respectively. In other hand, complete biodegradation of the bioplastic in plantation soil predicted in 151 days and 201 days, respectively. Microbes population in the soil could be affected the biodegradation rate of the bioplastics.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41833521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cover Vol.40 No.2 Okt 2018","authors":"Jkk Editor","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v40i2.4321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v40i2.4321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49255104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ediningsih Ediningsih, J. Pitono, E. Mardiana, Erizal Erizal
Modifikasi hidrogel dengan polimer alami mulai banyak dikembangkan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan hidrogel dengan kualitas mutu yang lebih baik dan ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pati tapioka yang telah dimodifikasi dengan ekstrak jahe pada hidrogel PVAM hasil sintesis PVA dengan maleat anhidrida (MA) menggunakan inisiator aluminium persulfat (K 2 S 2 O 8 ). Sintesis hidrogel dilakukan dengan reaksi kopolimerisasi cangkok. Parameter yang diamati meliputi analisis gugus fungsi dengan spektroskopi FTIR ( Fourier transform infrared ), fraksi gel, derajat pengembangan, dan derajat grafting . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa puncak serapan dari hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka jahe lebih lemah dibandingkan PVAM yang ditandai dengan ikatan C=C pada bilangan gelombang 1625 cm - 1. Nilai fraksi gel dan derajat grafting hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka jahe (85,42% dan 97,62%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan PVAM- g -tapioka (76,56% dan 92,19%). Akan tetapi, derajat pengembangan hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka jahe lebih rendah (275,72%) dibandingkan PVAM- g -tapioka (286,58%). Penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa penambahan ekstrak jahe dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dari hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka.
水凝胶和天然聚合物的改进已经开始大大发展。这是为了获得质量更好、更环保的水凝胶。因此，这项研究的目的是确定由PVAM水凝胶姜提取物(MA)与maleat anhidrida (MA)合成的木薯淀粉(K 2 S 2 O 8)的作用。水凝胶合成是由关节聚合反应进行的。观测参数包括分析FTIR光谱系(Fourier transform)、凝胶分数、发展程度和石墨程度等函数。研究结果显示，姜黄色木薯淀粉水凝胶的吸收峰值比1625厘米到1厘米的波标记为C=C的PVAM较弱。凝胶的分数和含量从PVAM到PVAM- g -姜木薯(85.42%和97.62%)比PVAM- g -木薯根(76,56%和92.19%)高。然而，姜黄木薯水凝胶的发展程度低于PVAM- g - 72%，而PVAM- g -木薯淀粉(286,58%)。这项研究提供的信息是，添加生姜提取物可以改善木薯淀粉水凝胶的生理性质。
{"title":"Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Hidrogel Poli (Vinil Alkohol) Maleat (PVAM) Dengan Pati Tapioka Termodifikasi Ekstrak Jahe","authors":"Ediningsih Ediningsih, J. Pitono, E. Mardiana, Erizal Erizal","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V40I2.3562","url":null,"abstract":"Modifikasi hidrogel dengan polimer alami mulai banyak dikembangkan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan hidrogel dengan kualitas mutu yang lebih baik dan ramah lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan pati tapioka yang telah dimodifikasi dengan ekstrak jahe pada hidrogel PVAM hasil sintesis PVA dengan maleat anhidrida (MA) menggunakan inisiator aluminium persulfat (K 2 S 2 O 8 ). Sintesis hidrogel dilakukan dengan reaksi kopolimerisasi cangkok. Parameter yang diamati meliputi analisis gugus fungsi dengan spektroskopi FTIR ( Fourier transform infrared ), fraksi gel, derajat pengembangan, dan derajat grafting . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa puncak serapan dari hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka jahe lebih lemah dibandingkan PVAM yang ditandai dengan ikatan C=C pada bilangan gelombang 1625 cm - 1. Nilai fraksi gel dan derajat grafting hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka jahe (85,42% dan 97,62%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan PVAM- g -tapioka (76,56% dan 92,19%). Akan tetapi, derajat pengembangan hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka jahe lebih rendah (275,72%) dibandingkan PVAM- g -tapioka (286,58%). Penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa penambahan ekstrak jahe dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dari hidrogel PVAM- g -tapioka.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46516477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently the use of plastic packaging is become avoided because their waste will create environmental problem. As an alternative choice the use of biodegradable plastic packaging has been developed Research on biodegradable plastic has been carried out to study the effect of water content and kind of plasticizer on mechanical properties of the biodegradable plastic made from corn starch and polyvinyl alcohol. The result shows that water can increase the elongation of the plastic, but on the other hand it can decrease the tensile strength and barrier properties by increasing the water vapour transsmision rate. Therefore the use of water as a plasticizer must be mixed with other plasticizer such as glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol monostearate. In this study the best result is by using mixture of water andsorbitol with ratio = 5: I and the ratio of solid material (starch + PVOH +nucleating agent) and plasticizer = 1 : I.
{"title":"Pengaruh Kadar Air Dan Jenis Plastisizer Terhadap Sifat Fisik Plastik Biodegradable Dari Campuran Pati Jagung Dan Polivinil Alkohol","authors":"Budi Utami, Hendartini Hendartini","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4824","url":null,"abstract":"Recently the use of plastic packaging is become avoided because their waste will create environmental problem. As an alternative choice the use of biodegradable plastic packaging has been developed Research on biodegradable plastic has been carried out to study the effect of water content and kind of plasticizer on mechanical properties of the biodegradable plastic made from corn starch and polyvinyl alcohol. The result shows that water can increase the elongation of the plastic, but on the other hand it can decrease the tensile strength and barrier properties by increasing the water vapour transsmision rate. Therefore the use of water as a plasticizer must be mixed with other plasticizer such as glycerol, sorbitol, polyethylene glycol and glycerol monostearate. In this study the best result is by using mixture of water andsorbitol with ratio = 5: I and the ratio of solid material (starch + PVOH +nucleating agent) and plasticizer = 1 : I.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69171339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An attempt to diversify Java Cananga Oil (Canangium odoratum Bail) into several grades like Ylang-ylang oil (Canangium odoratum genuina) to gain a better price in the world market had been conducted. In this experiment the distillation of cananga oil was divided into six fractions, each fraction four hours, namely the first four hours fraction, the second four hours and so on up to six fractions of four hours distillation. Each fraction was collected and analyzed for its ester value and its refractive indices. From the experiment it was found that the first fraction has the highest ester value namely 61. 68, the 2nd fraction to the 6 st fraction were 45.81; 38.02; 26.92 and 26.01 respectively. From the result it was found that the first fraction has the highest ester value (61. 68), which is within the range of ylang-ylang oil grade 3. Base on the results above Java Cananga Oil might be grouped into four grades, namely the Super cananga oil has minimum 60 ester value, grade 1 has 45 to 60, grade 2 has 35 to 45 and grade 3 has 20 to 35.
{"title":"Diversifikasi Minyak Kenanga Melalui Penyulingan Uap Terfraksinasi.","authors":"A. Moestafa, Endang Djubaedah, Enjang Ahdiansyah","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4823","url":null,"abstract":"An attempt to diversify Java Cananga Oil (Canangium odoratum Bail) into several grades like Ylang-ylang oil (Canangium odoratum genuina) to gain a better price in the world market had been conducted. In this experiment the distillation of cananga oil was divided into six fractions, each fraction four hours, namely the first four hours fraction, the second four hours and so on up to six fractions of four hours distillation. Each fraction was collected and analyzed for its ester value and its refractive indices. From the experiment it was found that the first fraction has the highest ester value namely 61. 68, the 2nd fraction to the 6 st fraction were 45.81; 38.02; 26.92 and 26.01 respectively. From the result it was found that the first fraction has the highest ester value (61. 68), which is within the range of ylang-ylang oil grade 3. Base on the results above Java Cananga Oil might be grouped into four grades, namely the Super cananga oil has minimum 60 ester value, grade 1 has 45 to 60, grade 2 has 35 to 45 and grade 3 has 20 to 35.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69171326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sludge from waste water treatment of electroplating industry contains hazardous waste. Before sludge is dumped to landfill it's need treatment to reduce hazard matter. One of general treatment is sludge stabilization by adding cement and sand to get concrete block.From these research shows that sand is playing important role in binding heavy metal in cement. The mixing between sand, cement and sludge I: I: 2 as per standard for landfill (PP. no 85, 1999) can stabilized sludge but can not reuse as a building material because still contains heavy metal.
电镀工业废水处理产生的污泥含有危险废物。在将污泥倾倒到填埋场之前，需要对其进行处理以减少有害物质。一般的处理方法之一是通过添加水泥和沙子来稳定污泥以获得混凝土块。这些研究表明，砂在水泥中对重金属的结合起着重要的作用。按照填埋场填埋标准(PP. no 85, 1999)，砂、水泥和污泥I: I: 2的混合可以稳定污泥，但仍含有重金属，不能作为建筑材料再利用。
{"title":"Stabilisasi Dan Kemungkinan Penggunaan Kembali (Reuse) Lumpur B3 Industri Elektroplating","authors":"D. Rahmi","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4820","url":null,"abstract":"Sludge from waste water treatment of electroplating industry contains hazardous waste. Before sludge is dumped to landfill it's need treatment to reduce hazard matter. One of general treatment is sludge stabilization by adding cement and sand to get concrete block.From these research shows that sand is playing important role in binding heavy metal in cement. The mixing between sand, cement and sludge I: I: 2 as per standard for landfill (PP. no 85, 1999) can stabilized sludge but can not reuse as a building material because still contains heavy metal.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69171776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Old Corrugated Container (OCC) is generally corrugated carton material and can range in cleanliness from boxplant clippings to post consumer or grocery store waste. OCC fa· recycled and used in addition to virgin wood fiber in manufacturing a number of g; ades of paper, especially linerboard and corrugating medium. The converting process poses a recycling problem because of the stickies contaminants associated with these operations,nevertheless the size can be reduced by wet end chemical additives. Meanwhile, a new process for upgrading of recycled fibers involves the use of oxygen delignification which gives the fiber a more 'virgin like' character through the softening and better swelling properties that result from lignin removal, has been introduced.
{"title":"Daur Ulang KKG Bekas","authors":"Triyanto Hadisoemarto","doi":"10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/JKK.V0I0.4818","url":null,"abstract":"Old Corrugated Container (OCC) is generally corrugated carton material and can range in cleanliness from boxplant clippings to post consumer or grocery store waste. OCC fa· recycled and used in addition to virgin wood fiber in manufacturing a number of g; ades of paper, especially linerboard and corrugating medium. The converting process poses a recycling problem because of the stickies contaminants associated with these operations,nevertheless the size can be reduced by wet end chemical additives. Meanwhile, a new process for upgrading of recycled fibers involves the use of oxygen delignification which gives the fiber a more 'virgin like' character through the softening and better swelling properties that result from lignin removal, has been introduced.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69171709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corrugated boxes as a transport packaging can reduce the damage of the contents during transportation. The packaging should conform with the design type and should be completely tested in accordance with the requirements of the UN Standard. Experiment has been carried out to determine the specification of fibreboard sheet which is used for corrugated boxes for group II dangerous goods. The type of corrugated boxes is Regular Slotted Container (RSC) with inner dimension 457 x 314 x 290 mm and 20 kg by weight.The transport: simulation test of corrugated boxes showed that the optimum physical properties of fibreboard were double wall, flute CIB , total gramage 850 g!nl , burshting strenght 12, 12 kg[/ cm2 and compression strength 4,39 kN/m.
{"title":"Pemilihan Sifat-Sifat Kg Sebagai Bahan Kkg Untuk Kemasan Produk B3 Golongan II","authors":"B. Utami","doi":"10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24817/jkk.v0i0.4819","url":null,"abstract":"Corrugated boxes as a transport packaging can reduce the damage of the contents during transportation. The packaging should conform with the design type and should be completely tested in accordance with the requirements of the UN Standard. Experiment has been carried out to determine the specification of fibreboard sheet which is used for corrugated boxes for group II dangerous goods. The type of corrugated boxes is Regular Slotted Container (RSC) with inner dimension 457 x 314 x 290 mm and 20 kg by weight.The transport: simulation test of corrugated boxes showed that the optimum physical properties of fibreboard were double wall, flute CIB , total gramage 850 g!nl , burshting strenght 12, 12 kg[/ cm2 and compression strength 4,39 kN/m.","PeriodicalId":17728,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69171759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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