Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33103
I. Rosiana, P. Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Yesha Ainensis El G. Pelupessy, Matius Victorino Ola Dame, A. Soegianto, B. Yulianto, I. G. Widhiantara
Highlight Research Brown seaweed heavy metals content varies between species Risk assessment showed low health risk for heavy metal from intake of the three brown seaweed The three types of brown seaweed did not show carcinogenic properties to metal Arsenic (As) Abstract Marine brown seaweed are known as one of the potential biological agents to be developed as functional food and medicinal sectors. This study aims to examine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in brown algae (Sargassum aquifolium, Padina australis, and Turbinaria ornata.) and the possible exposure to health risks caused by consumption. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) on brown seaweed samples obtained from three different sites. The average concentration of heavy metals in the dry weight of brown seaweed remains within the guidelines established by The Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) Number 32 of 2019 concerning the Safety and Quality of Traditional Medicines, which is then used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ and TTHQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) for arsenic associated with food exposure to potentially toxic metallic elements. Each species of brown seaweed has a THQ and TTHQ level of <1, indicating that one or more toxic metal elements in the same meal provide no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The TCR for arsenic in these seaweeds are all less than 1 x 10-4, indicating no cancer risk. There are no chronic health hazards related with the ingestion of brown seaweed harvested from the coast of Sanur Beach at Denpasar, Bali.
亮点研究褐藻的重金属含量因物种而异风险评估显示，摄入三种褐藻对重金属的健康风险较低。三种类型的褐藻对金属砷（As）没有表现出致癌特性。摘要海洋褐藻被认为是潜在的生物制剂之一，可作为功能性食品和医药部门开发。本研究旨在检测褐藻（马尾藻、澳洲马尾藻和长须藻）中重金属（Pb、Cd、Hg和As）的浓度，以及食用可能导致的健康风险。使用原子吸收光谱法（AAS）对从三个不同地点获得的棕色海藻样品测定重金属浓度。褐藻干重中重金属的平均浓度仍在食品药品监督管理局（BPOM）2019年第32号关于传统药物安全和质量的指导方针范围内，该指导方针用于计算估计每日摄入量（EDI）、目标危险商（THQ和TTHQ），并针对与食物暴露于潜在有毒金属元素相关的砷的癌症风险（TCR）。每种褐藻的THQ和TTHQ水平均<1，表明同一膳食中的一种或多种有毒金属元素没有显著的非致癌风险。这些海藻中砷的TCR均小于1 x 10-4，表明没有癌症风险。摄入从巴厘岛登巴萨萨努尔海滩海岸收获的棕色海藻不会对健康造成慢性危害。
{"title":"Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Three Brown Seaweed (Phaeophyta: Phaeophyceae) Collected from Tourism Area in Sanur Beach, Coast of Denpasar, Bali and Public Health Risk Assessment","authors":"I. Rosiana, P. Wiradana, Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari, Yesha Ainensis El G. Pelupessy, Matius Victorino Ola Dame, A. Soegianto, B. Yulianto, I. G. Widhiantara","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33103","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000Brown seaweed heavy metals content varies between species\u0000Risk assessment showed low health risk for heavy metal from intake of the three brown seaweed\u0000The three types of brown seaweed did not show carcinogenic properties to metal Arsenic (As)\u0000\u0000Abstract\u0000Marine brown seaweed are known as one of the potential biological agents to be developed as functional food and medicinal sectors. This study aims to examine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, and As) in brown algae (Sargassum aquifolium, Padina australis, and Turbinaria ornata.) and the possible exposure to health risks caused by consumption. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) on brown seaweed samples obtained from three different sites. The average concentration of heavy metals in the dry weight of brown seaweed remains within the guidelines established by The Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) Number 32 of 2019 concerning the Safety and Quality of Traditional Medicines, which is then used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ and TTHQ), and target cancer risk (TCR) for arsenic associated with food exposure to potentially toxic metallic elements. Each species of brown seaweed has a THQ and TTHQ level of <1, indicating that one or more toxic metal elements in the same meal provide no significant non-carcinogenic risk. The TCR for arsenic in these seaweeds are all less than 1 x 10-4, indicating no cancer risk. There are no chronic health hazards related with the ingestion of brown seaweed harvested from the coast of Sanur Beach at Denpasar, Bali.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47085717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32855
H. Hartoyo, A. Amron, A. Fitri, Y. Darmanto
Highlight Research The sound of d spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) was identified, named rasp; slow rattle; and popping sound The sound characteristics of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) represent its behavior Passive acoustic and visual record method combination was implemented to analyze the relation between sounds and behavior of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) Abstract Spiny lobster Panulirus homarus is one of many important economic fishery resources in Indonesia. Continuous exploitation activities in the natural habitat can potentially disturb the sustainability of lobster resources. This species is known to produce sound with certain characteristics and highly dependent on environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of sound as a representation of behaviour. The sound produced by P. homarus was recorded for 24 hours using a hydrophone (a passive acoustic technique). The hydrophone converts the sound wave produced by the lobsters into electric voltage in millivolts, then were converted to a digital number, in order to be saved in a virtual format with the *.wav extension. The video system captured data on behaviors of resting, territoriality, aggression, and social attitudes. The results showed that P. homarus emitted rasp, slow rattle, and popping type of sound, with certain characteristics. All sounds types were characterized by a broadband frequency (4 - 20 kHz), and a source level ranging from 125 - 145 dB re 1 µPa. Rasp sound consisting of 12 - 40 pulses with a sound duration of 100 - 400 ms, represents a defensive behavior. Slow rattle sound with 2 - 7 pulses did not represent a specific behaviour and it is dominant during the night. However, the popping sound with only one pulse represented feeding behavior.
亮点研究对棘龙虾（Panulirus homarus）的声音进行了鉴定，命名为rasp；缓慢的嘎嘎声；和爆裂声多刺龙虾（Panulirus homarus）的声音特征代表了其行为。采用被动声学和视觉记录相结合的方法来分析多刺龙虾的声音与行为之间的关系。摘要多刺龙虾是印度尼西亚许多重要的经济渔业资源之一。自然栖息地的持续开发活动可能会干扰龙虾资源的可持续性。众所周知，该物种会产生具有某些特征的声音，并高度依赖环境变化。本研究旨在研究声音作为行为表征的特征。使用水听器（一种被动声学技术）记录P.homarus产生的声音24小时。压敏检波器将龙虾产生的声波转换为以毫伏为单位的电压，然后转换为数字，以便以*.wav扩展名的虚拟格式保存。视频系统捕捉到了关于休息行为、领地性、攻击性和社会态度的数据。结果表明，小丸子发出刺耳、缓慢的嘎嘎声和爆裂声，具有一定的特征。所有声音类型的特征都是宽带频率（4-20 kHz），源电平范围为125-145 dB re 1µPa。Rasp声音由12-40个脉冲组成，声音持续时间为100-400毫秒，代表一种防御行为。2-7个脉冲的缓慢嘎嘎声并不代表特定的行为，它在夜间占主导地位。然而，只有一个脉冲的爆裂声代表了进食行为。
{"title":"Sound Diversity as Representation to the Behavior of Spiny Lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus, 1758)","authors":"H. Hartoyo, A. Amron, A. Fitri, Y. Darmanto","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32855","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000The sound of d spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) was identified, named rasp; slow rattle; and popping sound\u0000The sound characteristics of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) represent its behavior\u0000Passive acoustic and visual record method combination was implemented to analyze the relation between sounds and behavior of spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus)\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Spiny lobster Panulirus homarus is one of many important economic fishery resources in Indonesia. Continuous exploitation activities in the natural habitat can potentially disturb the sustainability of lobster resources. This species is known to produce sound with certain characteristics and highly dependent on environmental changes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of sound as a representation of behaviour. The sound produced by P. homarus was recorded for 24 hours using a hydrophone (a passive acoustic technique). The hydrophone converts the sound wave produced by the lobsters into electric voltage in millivolts, then were converted to a digital number, in order to be saved in a virtual format with the *.wav extension. The video system captured data on behaviors of resting, territoriality, aggression, and social attitudes. The results showed that P. homarus emitted rasp, slow rattle, and popping type of sound, with certain characteristics. All sounds types were characterized by a broadband frequency (4 - 20 kHz), and a source level ranging from 125 - 145 dB re 1 µPa. Rasp sound consisting of 12 - 40 pulses with a sound duration of 100 - 400 ms, represents a defensive behavior. Slow rattle sound with 2 - 7 pulses did not represent a specific behaviour and it is dominant during the night. However, the popping sound with only one pulse represented feeding behavior.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33448
Norma Afiati, S. Subagiyo, Christina Retna Handayani, R. Hartati, N. Kholilah
Highlight ResearchThe possibility of U. duvauceli be a polymorph cryptic species is further reinforced by the results of the present study.Phylogenetic analysis showed two separate clusters though did not perfectly segregate north to the south waters.Individuals in cluster II from the south coast showed the highest polymorphism levels by 40 segregating sites (S), compared to only 2-4 sites in that of cluster IFrequencies of A, C, G, and T in mitochondrial DNA of all specimens skewed toward A and T, with T being the most preferred and G being the least preferred nucleotideAll specimens showed no amino acid frequency for glutamic acid. Further, all four individuals in cluster II (south coast) were also have no amino acid frequencies for aspartic acid and valine as well.AbstractUroteuthis duvauceli (D’ Orbigny, 1835) also known as the Indian Ocean Squid is a highly important commercial marine organism along the Java coast, Indonesia. Based on genetic variation this species-complex are polymorphic and cryptic. In the present study, the genetic diversity and stock structure of loliginid squid U. duvauceli is investigated using a mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Samples were collected by hand-jigging onboard of an 8hp small fisher-boat equipped with a few lamps during May to August 2015, May 2016 and August to November 2018. Sample collection started at dusk until midnight. The attractor was a weighed-quill attached to nylon string, manually immersed into the water and pulled quickly and continuously for about 3-5 minutes at each effort. The determination was conducted with BLAST. Phylogenetic analysis showed two separate clusters with 100% bootstrap value, in which cluster II from Palabuhanratu has divergences of 5.9 - 7.0%, compared to cluster I. Genetic variations exist within and among individuals over the locations. Palabuhanratu individuals have the highest polymorphism levels compared to other locations as shown by 40 segregating sites (S). Frequencies of A, C, G, and T in mtDNA of the 20 specimens U. duvauceli are biased toward A and T, with T being the most favoured and G being the least favoured nucleotide. All specimen showed no amino acid frequency for glutamic acid and all four individuals in cluster II (south coast) also have no amino acid frequencies for aspartic acid and valine as well.
{"title":"DNA Barcoding on Indian Ocean Squid, Uroteuthis duvaucelii (D’Orbigny, 1835) (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from the Java Sea, Indonesia","authors":"Norma Afiati, S. Subagiyo, Christina Retna Handayani, R. Hartati, N. Kholilah","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33448","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight ResearchThe possibility of U. duvauceli be a polymorph cryptic species is further reinforced by the results of the present study.Phylogenetic analysis showed two separate clusters though did not perfectly segregate north to the south waters.Individuals in cluster II from the south coast showed the highest polymorphism levels by 40 segregating sites (S), compared to only 2-4 sites in that of cluster IFrequencies of A, C, G, and T in mitochondrial DNA of all specimens skewed toward A and T, with T being the most preferred and G being the least preferred nucleotideAll specimens showed no amino acid frequency for glutamic acid. Further, all four individuals in cluster II (south coast) were also have no amino acid frequencies for aspartic acid and valine as well.AbstractUroteuthis duvauceli (D’ Orbigny, 1835) also known as the Indian Ocean Squid is a highly important commercial marine organism along the Java coast, Indonesia. Based on genetic variation this species-complex are polymorphic and cryptic. In the present study, the genetic diversity and stock structure of loliginid squid U. duvauceli is investigated using a mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). Samples were collected by hand-jigging onboard of an 8hp small fisher-boat equipped with a few lamps during May to August 2015, May 2016 and August to November 2018. Sample collection started at dusk until midnight. The attractor was a weighed-quill attached to nylon string, manually immersed into the water and pulled quickly and continuously for about 3-5 minutes at each effort. The determination was conducted with BLAST. Phylogenetic analysis showed two separate clusters with 100% bootstrap value, in which cluster II from Palabuhanratu has divergences of 5.9 - 7.0%, compared to cluster I. Genetic variations exist within and among individuals over the locations. Palabuhanratu individuals have the highest polymorphism levels compared to other locations as shown by 40 segregating sites (S). Frequencies of A, C, G, and T in mtDNA of the 20 specimens U. duvauceli are biased toward A and T, with T being the most favoured and G being the least favoured nucleotide. All specimen showed no amino acid frequency for glutamic acid and all four individuals in cluster II (south coast) also have no amino acid frequencies for aspartic acid and valine as well.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42763710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34315
Andita Ratih Dewanti, Anggi Octari Putri, I. Istiqomah, A. Isnansetyo
Highlight Research The shortfin eel elver bicolor bicolor was tested for the safety of Enterobacter sp. JC05, Lactococcus sp. JAL37, and Bacillus sp. PCP1 The ability of bacterial strains to adhere to epithelial cells of shortfin eel epithelial cells was demonstrated The bacterial strains' proteolytic, cellulolytic, and lipolytic activities were detected Oral administration of the bacterial cocktail lowered overall viable bacterial count but did not affect the shortfin eel's intestinal histological characteristics Abstract Aquaculture of the shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) has been plagued by low survival and growth due to the low tolerance to water quality and feed. The microbiota and shape of the fish intestinal tract influence the immune and digestive systems. The use of bacterial probiotics is fascinating to enhance the digestion system. This study aimed to characterize bacterial probiotic candidates' safety and potential probiotic features for shortfin eel (A. bicolor bicolor) aquaculture. The safety, adherence, and enzymatic activity of three bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. PCP1, Lactococcus sp. JAL 37, and Enterobacter sp. JC05) were investigated. An oral application test was performed on shortfin eel (n=880, 15 g) every four days with 0, 3x103, 3x105, and 3x107 CFU/g diet dosages in quadruplicates for two months. At the end of the experiment, total cultivable bacteria and intestinal morphology were assessed. Based on the hemolytic test and intraperitoneal injection, the bacterial strains were considered harmless. In an in vitro investigation, the bacteria attached to shortfin eel intestinal epithelial cells. An agar diffusion method validated the proteolytic, lipolytic, and cellulolytic activities. In vivo feeding tests with the bacterial cocktail lowered the total viable bacteria in the gut while preserving the gut histology. Bacterial strains of the present study are potential probiotic candidates for shortfin (A. bicolor bicolor) aquaculture.
{"title":"Safety, Adherence, Enzymatic Activities, and Application Effects of Oral Probiotic Candidates for Shortfin Eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor)","authors":"Andita Ratih Dewanti, Anggi Octari Putri, I. Istiqomah, A. Isnansetyo","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34315","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000The shortfin eel elver bicolor bicolor was tested for the safety of Enterobacter sp. JC05, Lactococcus sp. JAL37, and Bacillus sp. PCP1\u0000The ability of bacterial strains to adhere to epithelial cells of shortfin eel epithelial cells was demonstrated\u0000The bacterial strains' proteolytic, cellulolytic, and lipolytic activities were detected\u0000Oral administration of the bacterial cocktail lowered overall viable bacterial count but did not affect the shortfin eel's intestinal histological characteristics\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Aquaculture of the shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor bicolor) has been plagued by low survival and growth due to the low tolerance to water quality and feed. The microbiota and shape of the fish intestinal tract influence the immune and digestive systems. The use of bacterial probiotics is fascinating to enhance the digestion system. This study aimed to characterize bacterial probiotic candidates' safety and potential probiotic features for shortfin eel (A. bicolor bicolor) aquaculture. The safety, adherence, and enzymatic activity of three bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. PCP1, Lactococcus sp. JAL 37, and Enterobacter sp. JC05) were investigated. An oral application test was performed on shortfin eel (n=880, 15 g) every four days with 0, 3x103, 3x105, and 3x107 CFU/g diet dosages in quadruplicates for two months. At the end of the experiment, total cultivable bacteria and intestinal morphology were assessed. Based on the hemolytic test and intraperitoneal injection, the bacterial strains were considered harmless. In an in vitro investigation, the bacteria attached to shortfin eel intestinal epithelial cells. An agar diffusion method validated the proteolytic, lipolytic, and cellulolytic activities. In vivo feeding tests with the bacterial cocktail lowered the total viable bacteria in the gut while preserving the gut histology. Bacterial strains of the present study are potential probiotic candidates for shortfin (A. bicolor bicolor) aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49331909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.36261
P. Kusumawati, P. Triwitono, S. Anggrahini, Y. Pranoto
Highlight Research Autoclaving for 3x3 hours followed by alkaline hydrolysis (3x3AH) may lower nano-calcium particle size into 47.47 nm 3x3AH sample contain 30.73% calcium and 18.37% phosphorus 3x3AH sample created the best calcium solubility (26.14 %) in comparison to synthesized CaCO3 (14.34 %) Grouper nano-calcium powder includes trace quantities of organic content, such as protein and fat, which enhance calcium's solubility. Abstract Fish bone nano-calcium production may solve two challenges, providing calcium for lactose-intolerant people and recycling bone waste. Fish bone autoclaving prior to extraction reduces fat, denatures collagen, and softens bones but only few researches have compared autoclaving duration with nano-calcium product quality, particle size, and its solubility in in vitro testing. This study studied the influence of autoclaving duration followed by alkaline hydrolysis on nano-calcium characteristics to enhance calcium solubility in in vitro gastrointestinal simulation experiments. The dried grouper (Epinephelus sp.) bone was divided into four groups: 0A (no autoclaving), 3A (3 h autoclaving), 2x3A (double cycle for 3 h autoclaving), and 3x3A (triple cycle for 3 h autoclaving). Each group was followed by alkaline hydrolysis, designated as 0AH, 3AH, 2x3AH, and 3x3AH. The results showed that autoclaving for 3x3 hours followed by alkaline hydrolysis resulted in lowest nano-calcium particle size of 47.47 nm consisting of 30.73% calcium and 18.37% phosphorous. 3x3AH sample created the best calcium solubility (26.14%) in comparison to synthesized CaCO3 (14.34%). In contrast to synthetic CaCO3, grouper nano-calcium powder includes trace quantities of organic contents, such as protein and fat, which enhance calcium solubility. In vivo research should be established to study the bioavailability and influence of grouper nano-calcium powder on bone density.
{"title":"Autoclaving and Alkaline Hydrolysis Effects on the Particle Size and Solubility of Grouper (Epinephelus sp.) Nano-calcium Powder in In Vitro Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation","authors":"P. Kusumawati, P. Triwitono, S. Anggrahini, Y. Pranoto","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.36261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.36261","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000Autoclaving for 3x3 hours followed by alkaline hydrolysis (3x3AH) may lower nano-calcium particle size into 47.47 nm\u00003x3AH sample contain 30.73% calcium and 18.37% phosphorus\u00003x3AH sample created the best calcium solubility (26.14 %) in comparison to synthesized CaCO3 (14.34 %)\u0000Grouper nano-calcium powder includes trace quantities of organic content, such as protein and fat, which enhance calcium's solubility.\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Fish bone nano-calcium production may solve two challenges, providing calcium for lactose-intolerant people and recycling bone waste. Fish bone autoclaving prior to extraction reduces fat, denatures collagen, and softens bones but only few researches have compared autoclaving duration with nano-calcium product quality, particle size, and its solubility in in vitro testing. This study studied the influence of autoclaving duration followed by alkaline hydrolysis on nano-calcium characteristics to enhance calcium solubility in in vitro gastrointestinal simulation experiments. The dried grouper (Epinephelus sp.) bone was divided into four groups: 0A (no autoclaving), 3A (3 h autoclaving), 2x3A (double cycle for 3 h autoclaving), and 3x3A (triple cycle for 3 h autoclaving). Each group was followed by alkaline hydrolysis, designated as 0AH, 3AH, 2x3AH, and 3x3AH. The results showed that autoclaving for 3x3 hours followed by alkaline hydrolysis resulted in lowest nano-calcium particle size of 47.47 nm consisting of 30.73% calcium and 18.37% phosphorous. 3x3AH sample created the best calcium solubility (26.14%) in comparison to synthesized CaCO3 (14.34%). In contrast to synthetic CaCO3, grouper nano-calcium powder includes trace quantities of organic contents, such as protein and fat, which enhance calcium solubility. In vivo research should be established to study the bioavailability and influence of grouper nano-calcium powder on bone density.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46221735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33462
Y. N. Ihsan, Kalysta Fellatami, R. Permana, Jiang Mingguo, T. Pribadi
Highlight Research First NR-SOB from Indramayu coast was successfully isolated and identified. Bactrerial characterization morphologically and biochemically, foster with in situ hybridization confirm the isolate was Thiobacillus denitrificans, and Arcobacter sp. Both isolate, Thiobacillus denitrificans and Arcobacter sp., were able to grow in sulphide rich environment in the presence of essential nutrient Thiobacillus denitrificans and Arcobacter sp. exhibit an outstanding sulphide oxidation ability up to 100% in the presence of nitrate. Abstract Crude oil production triggers the formation of hydrogen sulphide, also known as souring, which is extremely toxic and corrosive to the environment. It additionally give an adverse consequence to aquatic, terrestrial, and human existence. Studies of hydrogen sulphide reduction in sediments polluted by crude oil have been carried out recently to investigate the capability of indigenous Nitrate-Reducing Sulphide Oxidising Bacteria, hereinafter referred to as NR-SOB, as bioremediation agents. The experiments utilised hydrogen sulphide with 200 µM concentration combined with NO3 with different concentrations of 100 µM, 200 µM, and 300 µM. Measurements of the hydrogen sulfide concentrations were observed up to 48 hours within the experimental period. The SOB used in this study were taken from Balongan Bay at Indramayu coast using Nansen bottle to carry out water sample. The sulphide-oxidising ability of SOB was then evaluated at room temperature in control environment. Methylene blue method was applied to monitor the sulphide concentration. The results showed a complete removal of hydrogen sulphide concentrations in 48 hours accompanied with gradual drops of nitrate in all experiment series. Sulphide oxidation rate was detected to appear between 6.8 and 10.2 fmol/cell/hour. Measurements of cell abundance after 48 hours showed 6.2 x 105, 7.5 X 105, and 8.2 X 105 cell/ml from Experiments I, II, and III respectively. Using MSS selective medium, the bacteria were identified as Thiobacillus denitrificans and Arcobacter sp. Overall, the isolated NR-SOB from the coast of Balongan Bay, Indramayu proves to be a promising candidate for sulphide controls and mitigation.
{"title":"The Optimization of Sulphide Oxidizing Bacteria (SOB) for Oil Corrosivity Reduction at Indramayu Coast, The Northern Coastal Area of West Java","authors":"Y. N. Ihsan, Kalysta Fellatami, R. Permana, Jiang Mingguo, T. Pribadi","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.33462","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000First NR-SOB from Indramayu coast was successfully isolated and identified.\u0000Bactrerial characterization morphologically and biochemically, foster with in situ hybridization confirm the isolate was Thiobacillus denitrificans, and Arcobacter sp.\u0000Both isolate, Thiobacillus denitrificans and Arcobacter sp., were able to grow in sulphide rich environment in the presence of essential nutrient\u0000Thiobacillus denitrificans and Arcobacter sp. exhibit an outstanding sulphide oxidation ability up to 100% in the presence of nitrate.\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Crude oil production triggers the formation of hydrogen sulphide, also known as souring, which is extremely toxic and corrosive to the environment. It additionally give an adverse consequence to aquatic, terrestrial, and human existence. Studies of hydrogen sulphide reduction in sediments polluted by crude oil have been carried out recently to investigate the capability of indigenous Nitrate-Reducing Sulphide Oxidising Bacteria, hereinafter referred to as NR-SOB, as bioremediation agents. The experiments utilised hydrogen sulphide with 200 µM concentration combined with NO3 with different concentrations of 100 µM, 200 µM, and 300 µM. Measurements of the hydrogen sulfide concentrations were observed up to 48 hours within the experimental period. The SOB used in this study were taken from Balongan Bay at Indramayu coast using Nansen bottle to carry out water sample. The sulphide-oxidising ability of SOB was then evaluated at room temperature in control environment. Methylene blue method was applied to monitor the sulphide concentration. The results showed a complete removal of hydrogen sulphide concentrations in 48 hours accompanied with gradual drops of nitrate in all experiment series. Sulphide oxidation rate was detected to appear between 6.8 and 10.2 fmol/cell/hour. Measurements of cell abundance after 48 hours showed 6.2 x 105, 7.5 X 105, and 8.2 X 105 cell/ml from Experiments I, II, and III respectively. Using MSS selective medium, the bacteria were identified as Thiobacillus denitrificans and Arcobacter sp. Overall, the isolated NR-SOB from the coast of Balongan Bay, Indramayu proves to be a promising candidate for sulphide controls and mitigation.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46296095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32815
A. A. Hidayani, A. Tasakka, W. Umar, M. Alam, A. K. Neogi, S. Andriyono
Highlight ResearchThe leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus was identified and analysed based on molecular approach.Genetic diversity within two regions in Gorontalo, Sulawesi successfully performed using connectivity analysis.Three haplotypes of Plectropomus leopardus from two region in Gorontalo as one of economical important marine fish species. AbstractBar-cheek coral trout (P. leopardus) is the flagship of the grouper in the live fish market in Asia. Unfortunately, the potential of the grouper is still partly produced from natural catches. Even though hybridisation activities have also started to be carried out, there still have not been many studies on the genetic diversity of these fish. The application of molecular identification has been widely applied in marine aquatic animal species, which are very likely to occur due to errors in terms of shape and colour in the morphological character. DNA information has been beneficial in efforts to the breeding program and develop grouper aquaculture activities. DNA barcoding was used for the molecular identification and haplotype analysis of P. leopardus from two locations in Gorontalo, Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 14 fish samples were collected from two traditional fish markets around Kwandang and Sumalata Gulf in the northern part of Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi. This study identified and found three haplotypes from both regions. Molecular identification using Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region on mitochondrial DNA. Besides Mega7 for phylogenetic reconstruction, the data analysis using DnaSP6, Arlequin Ver.3.5.2.2, and Network 5.0.1.1. The first Haplotype is a mixed population between the Kwandang Gulf and the Sumalata Gulf, then the Kwandang Gulf haplotype and the Sumalata Gulf haplotype. The genetic distance between Kwandang Gulf haplotype and Sumalata Gulf haplotype is 0.003984, classified as a shallow genetic distance and needs more samples from another region to figure out leopard coral grouper around Indonesia.
{"title":"Low Genetic Diversity Study on Leopard Coral Grouper Plectropomus leopardus (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"A. A. Hidayani, A. Tasakka, W. Umar, M. Alam, A. K. Neogi, S. Andriyono","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32815","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight ResearchThe leopard coral grouper Plectropomus leopardus was identified and analysed based on molecular approach.Genetic diversity within two regions in Gorontalo, Sulawesi successfully performed using connectivity analysis.Three haplotypes of Plectropomus leopardus from two region in Gorontalo as one of economical important marine fish species. AbstractBar-cheek coral trout (P. leopardus) is the flagship of the grouper in the live fish market in Asia. Unfortunately, the potential of the grouper is still partly produced from natural catches. Even though hybridisation activities have also started to be carried out, there still have not been many studies on the genetic diversity of these fish. The application of molecular identification has been widely applied in marine aquatic animal species, which are very likely to occur due to errors in terms of shape and colour in the morphological character. DNA information has been beneficial in efforts to the breeding program and develop grouper aquaculture activities. DNA barcoding was used for the molecular identification and haplotype analysis of P. leopardus from two locations in Gorontalo, Sulawesi, Indonesia. A total of 14 fish samples were collected from two traditional fish markets around Kwandang and Sumalata Gulf in the northern part of Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi. This study identified and found three haplotypes from both regions. Molecular identification using Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region on mitochondrial DNA. Besides Mega7 for phylogenetic reconstruction, the data analysis using DnaSP6, Arlequin Ver.3.5.2.2, and Network 5.0.1.1. The first Haplotype is a mixed population between the Kwandang Gulf and the Sumalata Gulf, then the Kwandang Gulf haplotype and the Sumalata Gulf haplotype. The genetic distance between Kwandang Gulf haplotype and Sumalata Gulf haplotype is 0.003984, classified as a shallow genetic distance and needs more samples from another region to figure out leopard coral grouper around Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42934498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34532
Hengki Pradana, A. Prajitno, Maftuch Maftuch
Highlight Research Feeding of maggot flour formulations to koi carp infected with tarda Active compounds contained in maggot Clinical symptoms of koi carp infected with tarda Damage to the muscle and gill tissue of koi carp infected with E. tarda Abstract The problem that fishes farmers often face is disease. Maggot contains a high protein which ranges from 41-42%. Besides that, maggot also has a good effect on increasing the body resistance of fish. While the maggot provision fulfills nutritional need, it’s also expected to boost immunity against bacterial disease. One of which is Edwardsiella tarda, known to infect koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Feeding of maggot flour at different doses, namely A (25%), B (50%), C (75%), and D (100%) was carried out to determine its effect on the histopathology of the muscles and gills of C. carpio infected with E. tarda. Water quality during the study obtained an average value, namely the temperature ranging from 26-27.5℃, pH 6.5-8.1, and DO 5.2-8 mg/L. Fish infected with E. tarda showed several clinical symptoms, including rapid operculum movement, irregular and slow swimming, and bleeding on the skin. The results of the histopathological analysis showed that in muscle and gill tissue, treatment C (75%) showed the lowest damage value among other treatments with an average score of necrosis 0.93, hyaline degeneration 1.33, and Edema 1.27. Average score of gill tissue damage was 0.9 fusion, 1.3 congestion, 0.9 hyperplasia. Based on this, the provision of maggot flour can be used to prevent infection of E. tarda against C. carpio.
{"title":"Effect of Maggot Flour (Hermetia illucens larvae) on Histopathology of Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) Muscles and Gills Infected with Edwarsiella tarda","authors":"Hengki Pradana, A. Prajitno, Maftuch Maftuch","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34532","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000Feeding of maggot flour formulations to koi carp infected with tarda\u0000Active compounds contained in maggot\u0000Clinical symptoms of koi carp infected with tarda\u0000Damage to the muscle and gill tissue of koi carp infected with E. tarda\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000The problem that fishes farmers often face is disease. Maggot contains a high protein which ranges from 41-42%. Besides that, maggot also has a good effect on increasing the body resistance of fish. While the maggot provision fulfills nutritional need, it’s also expected to boost immunity against bacterial disease. One of which is Edwardsiella tarda, known to infect koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Feeding of maggot flour at different doses, namely A (25%), B (50%), C (75%), and D (100%) was carried out to determine its effect on the histopathology of the muscles and gills of C. carpio infected with E. tarda. Water quality during the study obtained an average value, namely the temperature ranging from 26-27.5℃, pH 6.5-8.1, and DO 5.2-8 mg/L. Fish infected with E. tarda showed several clinical symptoms, including rapid operculum movement, irregular and slow swimming, and bleeding on the skin. The results of the histopathological analysis showed that in muscle and gill tissue, treatment C (75%) showed the lowest damage value among other treatments with an average score of necrosis 0.93, hyaline degeneration 1.33, and Edema 1.27. Average score of gill tissue damage was 0.9 fusion, 1.3 congestion, 0.9 hyperplasia. Based on this, the provision of maggot flour can be used to prevent infection of E. tarda against C. carpio.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43875076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32393
J. D. Prasetya, D. Santoso
Highlight ResearchPoint Intercept Transect Method (PIT) and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) to monitor coral cover was comparedPercentage of hard coral cover was analyzedThe average difference of the percentage of hard coral cover obtained from the PIT and UPT was analyzed AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are vulnerable to damage and extinction. Therefore, it is imperative that, as part of conservation, their conditions are monitored using straight forward or easy-to-use methods. The research was intended to compare the effectiveness of using Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) methods in calculating percent hard coral covers. It was conducted at six sites in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia: Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Taka Malang, Tanjung Gelam, Menjangan Besar, and Menjangan Kecil. At each site, photographs of coral reefs were taken in two ranges of depths, shallow (3–6 m) and deep (9–12 m), along the length of the predefined transects (100 m for PIT and 50 m for UPT). In UPT, the photos were taken using a 58 x 44 cm frame. Fifty photo frames were collected then processed using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe) 4.1. The results showed that PIT and UPT produced different percentages of hard coral cover at each site, with the most significant difference found in deep waters of Menjangan Besar (45.27%) and the least one in deep waters of Menjangan Kecil (0.08%). Overall, the difference in percent covers was averagely 9.79 percentage points, which is still categorized into small. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, UPT is preferable because its results can be reanalyzed, especially the identified coral reef species.
重点研究点截取剖面法（PIT）和水下照片剖面法（UPT）监测珊瑚覆盖情况进行了比较，分析了硬珊瑚覆盖率。因此，作为保护的一部分，必须使用直接或易于使用的方法来监测它们的状况。该研究旨在比较使用点拦截断面（PIT）和水下照片断面（UPT）方法计算硬珊瑚覆盖率的有效性。它在印度尼西亚卡里蒙贾瓦群岛的六个地点进行：Cemara Besar、Cemara Kecil、Taka Malang、Tanjung Gelam、Menjangan Besar和Menjangan Kecil。在每个地点，沿着预先确定的样带长度（PIT为100米，UPT为50米），在两个深度范围内拍摄珊瑚礁照片，即浅层（3-6米）和深层（9-12米）。在UPT中，这些照片是用58 x 44厘米的相框拍摄的。收集50个相框，然后使用带有Excel扩展的Coral Point Count（CPCe）4.1进行处理。结果表明，PIT和UPT在每个地点产生的硬珊瑚覆盖率不同，其中Menjangan Besar深水区差异最大（45.27%），Menjangan Kecil深水区差异最小（0.08%）。总体而言，覆盖率差异平均为9.79个百分点，仍属小类。这两种方法各有优缺点。然而，UPT是可取的，因为它的结果可以重新分析，特别是已确定的珊瑚礁物种。
{"title":"Comparative Study of Point Intercept Transect (PIT) Method and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) to Calculate Hard Coral Cover Percentage","authors":"J. D. Prasetya, D. Santoso","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.32393","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight ResearchPoint Intercept Transect Method (PIT) and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) to monitor coral cover was comparedPercentage of hard coral cover was analyzedThe average difference of the percentage of hard coral cover obtained from the PIT and UPT was analyzed AbstractCoral reef ecosystems are vulnerable to damage and extinction. Therefore, it is imperative that, as part of conservation, their conditions are monitored using straight forward or easy-to-use methods. The research was intended to compare the effectiveness of using Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) methods in calculating percent hard coral covers. It was conducted at six sites in Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia: Cemara Besar, Cemara Kecil, Taka Malang, Tanjung Gelam, Menjangan Besar, and Menjangan Kecil. At each site, photographs of coral reefs were taken in two ranges of depths, shallow (3–6 m) and deep (9–12 m), along the length of the predefined transects (100 m for PIT and 50 m for UPT). In UPT, the photos were taken using a 58 x 44 cm frame. Fifty photo frames were collected then processed using Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe) 4.1. The results showed that PIT and UPT produced different percentages of hard coral cover at each site, with the most significant difference found in deep waters of Menjangan Besar (45.27%) and the least one in deep waters of Menjangan Kecil (0.08%). Overall, the difference in percent covers was averagely 9.79 percentage points, which is still categorized into small. Both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, UPT is preferable because its results can be reanalyzed, especially the identified coral reef species.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45143562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34034
F. A. Idrus, Nur Sakinah Roslan, Mohd Nasarudin Harith
Highlight Research The present of microplastics is more than macroplastics on the Pasir Pandak Beach The existence of huge amount of smaller microplastics (<0.50 mm) were observed on this beach sediment Types of macroplastics found are fragment, foam, and fiber; while microplastics are fiber, filament, fragment, and foam The main polymers found are HDPE, PES, PP, and PS Clean Coast Index indicated Pasir Pandak Beach as an extremely dirty beach Abstract Pasir Pandak Beach is close to human settlements, resorts, and food stalls. It becomes a place for gathering of beachgoers especially during weekend. As a result, the beach became polluted with rubbish, particularly plastics (e.g., macro- and micro-plastics). Hence, this study was done to determine the occurrence of macro- and micro-plastics on the Pasir Pandak Beach, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Transect quadrat was used during the samples collection on the beach. The samples were then undergone the wet peroxide oxidation, filtering and classifying under dissecting microscope. Macroplastics were isolated for ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses, while microplastics were separated according to their sizes, colors, and types. Approximately 101.70 items/m2 of macro-plastics and 1084 items/m2 of micro-plastics were found in this study. Clean Coast Index (CCI) was also estimated and the calculated CCI value obtained was >20, which indicated as extremely dirty beach. Fragments of carpet/canvas/mat and hardware crate/item were the most abundance macroplastics found, followed by plastic ropes/fishing lines and bottle caps. HDPE, PES, PP, and PS were the main identified polymers. Fibers, filaments, fragments, and foams were identified for micro- and macro-plastics. Microplastics with smaller sizes of 0.25-0.50 mm were available abundantly and they comprise 63.47 % of the total microplastics found. Clear/white, black, and blue were the main colors for microplastics. SEM images presented that those adhering particles, grooves, pits, fractures, and flakes were the common patterns of degradation. No relationship was apparent between macro- and micro-plastics at each station. The abundance of macro- and micro-plastics showed that they were mainly controlled by the land-based input. As Pasir Pandak beach is busy with local communities and beachgoers, the presence of macro- and micro-plastics on the beach posing a severe threat for marine environment, thus further studies on the behavior of this emerging pollutant from beach to the seas are necessary.
{"title":"Occurrence of Macro- and Micro-Plastics on Pasir Pandak Beach, Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"F. A. Idrus, Nur Sakinah Roslan, Mohd Nasarudin Harith","doi":"10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v14i2.34034","url":null,"abstract":"Highlight Research\u0000\u0000The present of microplastics is more than macroplastics on the Pasir Pandak Beach\u0000The existence of huge amount of smaller microplastics (<0.50 mm) were observed on this beach sediment\u0000Types of macroplastics found are fragment, foam, and fiber; while microplastics are fiber, filament, fragment, and foam\u0000The main polymers found are HDPE, PES, PP, and PS\u0000Clean Coast Index indicated Pasir Pandak Beach as an extremely dirty beach\u0000\u0000 \u0000Abstract\u0000Pasir Pandak Beach is close to human settlements, resorts, and food stalls. It becomes a place for gathering of beachgoers especially during weekend. As a result, the beach became polluted with rubbish, particularly plastics (e.g., macro- and micro-plastics). Hence, this study was done to determine the occurrence of macro- and micro-plastics on the Pasir Pandak Beach, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. Transect quadrat was used during the samples collection on the beach. The samples were then undergone the wet peroxide oxidation, filtering and classifying under dissecting microscope. Macroplastics were isolated for ATR-FTIR and SEM analyses, while microplastics were separated according to their sizes, colors, and types. Approximately 101.70 items/m2 of macro-plastics and 1084 items/m2 of micro-plastics were found in this study. Clean Coast Index (CCI) was also estimated and the calculated CCI value obtained was >20, which indicated as extremely dirty beach. Fragments of carpet/canvas/mat and hardware crate/item were the most abundance macroplastics found, followed by plastic ropes/fishing lines and bottle caps. HDPE, PES, PP, and PS were the main identified polymers. Fibers, filaments, fragments, and foams were identified for micro- and macro-plastics. Microplastics with smaller sizes of 0.25-0.50 mm were available abundantly and they comprise 63.47 % of the total microplastics found. Clear/white, black, and blue were the main colors for microplastics. SEM images presented that those adhering particles, grooves, pits, fractures, and flakes were the common patterns of degradation. No relationship was apparent between macro- and micro-plastics at each station. The abundance of macro- and micro-plastics showed that they were mainly controlled by the land-based input. As Pasir Pandak beach is busy with local communities and beachgoers, the presence of macro- and micro-plastics on the beach posing a severe threat for marine environment, thus further studies on the behavior of this emerging pollutant from beach to the seas are necessary.","PeriodicalId":17760,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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