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Evaluation of Viral Respiratory Pathogens Among Patients Initially Tested Negative for SARS-CoV-2 最初检测为严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型阴性患者的病毒性呼吸道病原体评估
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-136617
M. Khoshakhlagh, Arastoo Vojdani, A. Amali, Samaneh Abolbashari, Aida Gholoobi, Z. Meshkat
Background: A number of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses commonly circulating among vertebrates, such as influenza H1N1, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses, and human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E, cause symptoms similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). These viruses are important causes of cold, pneumonia, and shortness of breath in humans, which have been overlooked during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Furthermore, the diagnosis of infection with these viruses mostly relies on physical examination and clinical history, despite the fact that accurate molecular diagnosis is available. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of respiratory viruses in patients who were suspected to be infected with COVID-19 yet initially tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, as it could be beneficial in developing effective control measures and more reliable testing and surveillance of such viruses. Methods: In this study, laboratory samples of 123 patients referred to Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, were evaluated that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the initial assessment while showing the clinical symptoms of COVID-19. Initial testing for SARS-CoV-2 was carried out by the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using a kit approved by the Ministry of Health (Pishtaz Teb, Iran). Further analysis for the presence of 17 respiratory viruses was carried out using Genova kits based on the virus genome conserved sequences of influenza H1N1, influenza B, influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, metapneumovirus, RSV, human bocavirus 1, 2, 3, parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, and adenovirus. Results: According to the results of the present evaluations, out of 123 samples that were acquired using nasal and throat swabs and that initially tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, 8 cases of influenza A (47.1%), 1 case of parainfluenza (5.9%), 1 case of HKU1/OC-43 (5.9%), 4 cases of RSV (23.5%), 1 case of HCoV-NL63/HCoV-229-E (5.9%), and 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2 (11.8%) were detected. Conclusions: Based on the results of real-time PCR tests obtained from patients who had clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infections, it can be mentioned that due to the similar symptoms of patients with respiratory viral infections, individuals with respiratory symptoms could be examined for other viral infections in addition to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and a suitable basis for their prevalence in the community could be provided.
背景:脊椎动物中常见的许多核糖核酸(RNA)和脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)病毒,如H1N1流感、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒和人类冠状病毒(HCoV)-229E,会引起类似严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2)的症状。这些病毒是导致人类感冒、肺炎和呼吸急促的重要原因,而在2019冠状病毒病(新冠肺炎)大流行期间,这些疾病一直被忽视。此外,尽管可以获得准确的分子诊断,但这些病毒感染的诊断主要依赖于身体检查和临床病史。目的:本研究旨在评估疑似感染新冠肺炎但最初检测结果为SARS-CoV-2阴性的患者中呼吸道病毒的存在,因为这可能有利于制定有效的控制措施和更可靠的此类病毒检测和监测。方法:在本研究中,对转诊至伊朗马什哈德盖姆医院的123名患者的实验室样本进行评估,这些患者在最初评估中检测出SARS-CoV-2呈阴性,同时表现出新冠肺炎的临床症状。严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的初步检测是通过TaqMan实时聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法使用卫生部批准的试剂盒进行的(Pishtaz Teb,伊朗)。使用基于甲型H1N1流感、乙型流感、甲型流感、严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型、HCoV-HKU1、HCoV OC43、HCo病毒NL63、HCoV-229E、偏肺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人博卡病毒1、2、3、副流感1、2,3和腺病毒的病毒基因组保守序列的Genova试剂盒对17种呼吸道病毒的存在进行进一步分析。结果:根据目前的评估结果,在使用鼻拭子和咽拭子采集的123份样本中,最初检测出严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型呈阴性的样本中,检测到8例甲型流感(47.1%)、1例副流感(5.9%)、1个HKU1/OC-43(5.9%。结论:根据从有严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染临床症状的患者身上获得的实时PCR检测结果,可以提到的是,由于呼吸道病毒感染患者的症状相似,除了严重急性呼吸系综合征病毒2型感染外,还可以检查有呼吸道症状的个人是否有其他病毒感染,并且可以为它们在社区中的流行提供适当的基础。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Short-term Membrane-based Cultivation Combined with Dual-target Melting Analysis for Rapid Differentiation of Common Candida Species 短期膜基培养结合双靶融合分析快速分化常见念珠菌的研究进展
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-12 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-136710
W. Shen, Jingjing Sheng, Meng Wang, Xiujiao Xia, Keyu Ling, M. Qian, Zhejiong Wang, P. Du
Background: Candida is the main causative agent of severe mucosal and invasive candidiasis. Different species of Candida have shown varying levels of resistance to antifungal treatments. It is estimated that each 12-hour delay in antifungal treatment is associated with a significant increase in patient mortality and treatment costs. The culture method is regarded as the gold standard for identifying Candida species, but its time-consuming process is a clear disadvantage. Objectives: This study established a method using membrane technology combined with dual-target melting analysis for rapid cultivation and identification of common Candida species. This method is expected to preserve the advantages of the conventional culture method and improve upon its weaknesses while also evaluating the practical application of the method. Methods: A microfiltration membrane-based culture followed by a color indicator method was established to rapidly cultivate Candida cultures. The 5.8S ribosomal DNA region and internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region were used as target gene regions, for which two sets of primers were employed. Melting analysis following dual-target real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to distinguish among Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, and C. krusei. To evaluate its practical application, the method was tested with 72 clinical isolates, and the results were compared with those obtained using the chromogenic culture method and DNA sequencing. Results: Distinctive melting temperatures in the two gene targets were detected among the four common Candida species. The entire process, from cultivation to identification, was completed within 12 hours, about 50% less time than the gold-standard method. The minimum detection limit of Candida species was 10 femtograms. The results of the identification of the clinical isolates were consistent with those of DNA sequencing. Conclusions: The short-term membrane-based cultivation combined with dual-target melting analysis can be used to rapidly, easily, and accurately identify common Candida species, thus reducing the time needed to initiate targeted treatment for patients with severe candidiasis.
背景:念珠菌是严重粘膜和侵袭性念珠菌病的主要病原体。不同种类的念珠菌对抗真菌治疗表现出不同程度的耐药性。据估计,抗真菌治疗每延迟12小时,患者死亡率和治疗费用就会显著增加。培养法被认为是鉴定念珠菌种类的金标准,但其耗时的过程是一个明显的缺点。目的:建立膜技术结合双靶熔融分析快速培养和鉴定常见念珠菌的方法。该方法有望保留传统培养方法的优点并改进其缺点,同时也评估该方法的实际应用。方法:采用微滤膜培养-示色法快速培养念珠菌。以5.8S核糖体DNA区和内部转录间隔区(ITS2)区为靶基因区,采用两组引物。采用双目标实时聚合酶链反应(PCR)进行熔解分析,以区分白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌和克鲁塞念珠菌。为评价该方法的实际应用价值,对72株临床分离株进行了试验,并与显色培养法和DNA测序法进行了比较。结果:在四种常见念珠菌中检测到两个基因靶点的不同融化温度。从培养到鉴定的整个过程在12小时内完成,比金标准法缩短了约50%的时间。念珠菌的最低检出限为10飞图。临床分离株鉴定结果与DNA测序结果一致。结论:短期膜培养结合双靶点熔融分析可快速、简便、准确地鉴定常见念珠菌种类,从而缩短重症念珠菌病患者启动靶向治疗的时间。
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引用次数: 0
In Vitro and In Vivo Synergistic Antibacterial Functions of the Recombinant Ib-AMP4 and E50-52 Antimicrobial Peptides against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii 重组Ib-AMP4和E50-52抗菌肽对多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌体外和体内协同抑菌作用的研究
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-136280
Parastu Satei, S. Fahimirad, E. Ghaznavi-Rad, H. Abtahi
Background: Most Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) species have become resistant to all common antibiotics. Many antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified with efficient functions in infection management. E50-52 (UniProtKB: P85148) and Ib-AMP4 (UniProtKB: O24006) AMPs have shown marked antibacterial functions. Objectives: This investigation was designed to produce E50-52 and Ib-AMP4 AMPs through recombinant protein production. Subsequently, the synergistic antimicrobial functions of these two peptides were assessed under in vitro and in vivo circumstances on multidrug-resistant A. baumannii to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Ib-AMP4 and E50-52 AMPs on drug-resistant Acinetobacter. Methods: The gene sequence of E50-52 and Ib-AMP4 AMPs were codon optimized and separately inserted into the pET-32α vector. The recombinant structures were expressed in host bacteria. The antibacterial functions of the individual and combined application of the purified refolded E50-52 and Ib-AMP4 AMPs against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii were evaluated through the time-kill, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), growth kinetic assays, and in vivo (mouse body) systemic infection. Results: The minimum concentrations of the produced refolded E50-52 and Ib-AMP4 AMPs against A. baumannii were 0.325 and 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the checkerboard procedure confirmed the synergic effects of the produced AMPs. The use of E50-52 and Ib-AMP4 AMPs in combination resulted in an over five times reduction in log10 CFU/mL of alive cells during the first 240-min exposure. The antibacterial efficiency of the produced AMPs was confirmed by growth kinetic assays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results, and in vivo evaluation tests. The in vivo assay on rats confirmed the significant antibacterial functions of the produced recombinant proteins on A. baumannii systemic infection. Conclusions: The results proved the considerable synergistic antibacterial functions of the produced recombinant Ib-AMP4 and E50-52 AMPs to treat A. baumannii systemic infection effectively.
背景:大多数鲍曼不动杆菌(鲍曼不动杆菌)已经对所有常见的抗生素产生耐药性。许多抗菌肽(AMPs)已被确定具有有效的感染管理功能。E50-52 (UniProtKB: P85148)和Ib-AMP4 (UniProtKB: O24006)抗菌活性明显。目的:本研究旨在通过重组蛋白生产E50-52和Ib-AMP4 AMPs。随后,在体外和体内情况下,评估这两种肽对多药鲍曼不动杆菌的协同抑菌功能,研究Ib-AMP4和E50-52 AMPs对耐药不动杆菌的抑菌作用。方法:对E50-52和Ib-AMP4 AMPs基因序列进行密码子优化,分别插入pET-32α载体中。重组结构在宿主细菌中表达。通过时间杀伤、最小抑制浓度(MIC)、生长动力学和体内(小鼠体)全身感染评价纯化的E50-52和Ib-AMP4抗菌肽单独应用和联合应用对多药鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌作用。结果:制备的E50-52和Ib-AMP4抗菌肽对鲍曼不动杆菌的最低浓度分别为0.325和0.0625 mg/mL。此外,棋盘程序证实了所产生的amp的协同效应。E50-52和Ib-AMP4 AMPs联合使用,在第一个240分钟暴露期间,活细胞的log10 CFU/mL减少了5倍以上。通过生长动力学分析、扫描电镜(SEM)结果和体内评价试验证实了所制备的抗菌肽的抗菌效率。大鼠体内实验证实重组蛋白对鲍曼不动杆菌全身感染具有明显的抑菌作用。结论:制备的重组Ib-AMP4和E50-52抗菌肽具有较强的协同抑菌作用,可有效治疗鲍曼不动杆菌全身感染。
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引用次数: 0
Fusobacterium nucleatum-Mediated Alteration in Expression of VEGF and CCL3 Genes and KRAS Mutation in Colorectal Cancer Patients 结直肠癌患者核梭杆菌介导的VEGF、CCL3基因表达改变及KRAS突变
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-136914
H. J. Taher, F. Kamel
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and its development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. Recent studies have reported an association between Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance and CRC. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the abundance of F. nucleatum in CRC and polyp patients and its association with the expression of Chemokine ligand -3(CCL3), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB11) genes and the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mutations and polymorphisms in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene. Methods: A total of 80 biopsy samples were collected from CRC, polyp, and colitis patients. Moreover, F. nucleatum abundance was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of CCL3, VEGF, and NF-KB11 genes was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, KRAS gene mutations and polymorphisms were detected by the Mutation Surveyor software (V5.1.2). Results: The results showed that F. nucleatum abundance was significantly higher in CRC and polyp patients than in colitis patients (P < 0.05). The expression of CCL3 and VEGF genes was also significantly higher in F. nucleatum-positive samples (P < 0.05). However, NF-KB11 gene expression was non-significant. F. nucleatum-positive biopsy samples had a higher frequency of KRAS gene mutations and polymorphisms than F. nucleatum-negative CRC patients (odds ratio = 3). Most of the mutations observed in the positive samples were (6144A>AT,31E>E) at exon 2 of the KRAS gene. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that F. nucleatum might play a role in CRC and polyp development and contribute to KRAS gene mutations. Therefore, targeting F. nucleatum in the gut microbiota could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing CRC and polyp development.
背景:结直肠癌(Colorectal cancer, CRC)是全球第三大常见癌症,其发展受包括肠道菌群在内的遗传和环境因素影响。最近的研究报道了核梭杆菌丰度与结直肠癌之间的关系。目的:本研究旨在探讨结直肠癌和息肉患者中核胞杆菌的丰度及其与趋化因子配体-3(CCL3)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和核因子- κ B (NF-KB11)基因表达和Kirsten大鼠肉瘤病毒癌基因同源基因(KRAS)中脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)突变和多态性的关系。方法:收集结直肠癌、息肉和结肠炎患者共80例活检标本。此外,采用定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)测定了核仁梭菌的丰度。逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测CCL3、VEGF、NF-KB11基因的表达。此外,KRAS基因突变和多态性检测由突变测量软件(V5.1.2)。结果:结直肠癌和息肉患者中具核梭菌的丰度明显高于结肠炎患者(P < 0.05)。CCL3和VEGF基因在核梭菌阳性样品中的表达也显著升高(P < 0.05)。NF-KB11基因表达无统计学意义。与F. nucleatal阴性的CRC患者相比,F. nucleatal阳性的活检样本中KRAS基因突变和多态性的频率更高(优势比= 3)。在阳性样本中观察到的KRAS基因外显子2的大部分突变为(6144A>AT,31E>E)。结论:研究结果提示具核梭菌可能在结直肠癌和息肉的发生发展中起作用,并可能导致KRAS基因突变。因此,针对肠道微生物群中的具核梭菌可能是预防结直肠癌和息肉发展的潜在治疗策略。
{"title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum-Mediated Alteration in Expression of VEGF and CCL3 Genes and KRAS Mutation in Colorectal Cancer Patients","authors":"H. J. Taher, F. Kamel","doi":"10.5812/jjm-136914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-136914","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, and its development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, including the gut microbiota. Recent studies have reported an association between Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance and CRC. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the abundance of F. nucleatum in CRC and polyp patients and its association with the expression of Chemokine ligand -3(CCL3), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB11) genes and the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) mutations and polymorphisms in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene. Methods: A total of 80 biopsy samples were collected from CRC, polyp, and colitis patients. Moreover, F. nucleatum abundance was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of CCL3, VEGF, and NF-KB11 genes was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, KRAS gene mutations and polymorphisms were detected by the Mutation Surveyor software (V5.1.2). Results: The results showed that F. nucleatum abundance was significantly higher in CRC and polyp patients than in colitis patients (P < 0.05). The expression of CCL3 and VEGF genes was also significantly higher in F. nucleatum-positive samples (P < 0.05). However, NF-KB11 gene expression was non-significant. F. nucleatum-positive biopsy samples had a higher frequency of KRAS gene mutations and polymorphisms than F. nucleatum-negative CRC patients (odds ratio = 3). Most of the mutations observed in the positive samples were (6144A>AT,31E>E) at exon 2 of the KRAS gene. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that F. nucleatum might play a role in CRC and polyp development and contribute to KRAS gene mutations. Therefore, targeting F. nucleatum in the gut microbiota could be a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing CRC and polyp development.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46561793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Extracted from Patients and Travelers in Duhok-Iraq 杜胡克-伊拉克地区患者和旅行者SARS-CoV-2刺突蛋白测序和系统发育分析比较
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-138053
Omar Mohammed Younus, A. Parmaksız, A. Goreal
Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus and a member of a large family of Coronaviruses that are important human pathogens. This virus caused severe acute respiratory syndrome and was initially identified to be transmitted between humans on November 17, 2019. Objectives: To investigate the lineage, mutational patterns, variants, and serotypes of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the Duhok governorate population and to compare them with those identified in travelers crossing the border from Turkey in order to trace the epidemiological patterns. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 700 individuals living in Duhok and 700 travelers crossing the border to Duhok-Iraq from Turkey. The subjects were recruited by random sampling and questioned about demographic features and symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infections. Exclusion criteria included vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines of any approved previous infection. Samples were subjected to RT-PCR (QIAGEN KIT), and 30 positive samples with the highest viral load (lowest Ct values) were chosen for sequencing of the complete S gene by next-generation sequencing (NGS) (INTERGEN Genetics and Rare Diseases Diagnosis Research and Application Center, Turkey). Three platforms of Nextstrain, GISAID, and PANGO were used to identify variants, clades, and lineages and analyze sequences. Results: Out of 1400 participants, 353 (25.21%) positive samples were identified by RT-PCR, of which 30 representative positive samples (15 from each group: Patients and travelers) were sent for complete sequencing of the S spike gene using NGS. Nineteen samples were successfully sequenced and retrieved, including nine samples from Duhok residents and ten samples from travelers. Nextclade results revealed that 12 samples belonged to the delta strain (Pango lineages: B1.617.2.78, B1.617.2, B1.617.126, and B.1.617.121) distributed among the two groups while 5 omicron (BA.1.1) and 2 alpha (B.1.1.7) strains were found among travelers. A total of 76 mutations, including 52 non-synonymous, 16 synonymous, and 8 deletions, were detected without identifying a unique mutation. Sequencing results were submitted to GISAID, and accession numbers were obtained. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the sequences obtained from Iraqi and non-Iraqi variants from GISAID. Conclusions: The present research presents a description and observation of the genetic and epigenetic status of SARS-CoV-2 in Iraq based on sequencing results. The study revealed the impact of travels in introducing new variants to the country, including those with mutations in the S1 domain of the spike protein that can enhance viral attachment to receptors.
背景:严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型是一种单链RNA病毒,是人类重要病原体冠状病毒大家族的一员。这种病毒导致严重急性呼吸系统综合征,最初于2019年11月17日被确定为在人与人之间传播。目的:调查在杜霍克省人群中传播的严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的谱系、突变模式、变异和血清型,并将其与从土耳其越境的旅行者中发现的病毒进行比较,以追踪流行病学模式。方法:从700名居住在杜霍克的人和700名从土耳其越境前往伊拉克的旅行者身上采集鼻咽拭子。受试者通过随机抽样招募,并询问上呼吸道或下呼吸道感染的人口统计学特征和症状。排除标准包括接种任何经批准的既往感染的新冠肺炎疫苗。对样本进行RT-PCR(QIAGEN KIT),并选择30个病毒载量最高(Ct值最低)的阳性样本通过下一代测序(NGS)对完整的S基因进行测序(INTERGEN遗传学和罕见病诊断研究与应用中心,土耳其)。Nextstrain、GISAID和PANGO三个平台用于识别变体、分支和谱系并分析序列。结果:在1400名参与者中,353份(25.21%)阳性样本通过RT-PCR鉴定,其中30份具有代表性的阳性样本(每组15份:患者和旅行者)被送往使用NGS对S刺突基因进行完整测序。19个样本被成功测序和检索,其中9个样本来自杜霍克居民,10个样本来自旅行者。Nextcrade结果显示,12个样本属于德尔塔毒株(Pango谱系:B1.617.2.78、B1.617.2、B1.617.126和B.1.617.121),分布在两组中,而在旅行者中发现了5个奥密克戎(BA.1.1)和2个阿尔法(B.1.1.7)毒株。共检测到76个突变,包括52个非同义突变、16个同义突变和8个缺失,但没有发现一个独特的突变。测序结果提交给GISAID,并获得登录号。使用从GISAID的伊拉克和非伊拉克变体获得的序列构建了系统发育树。结论:本研究根据测序结果对伊拉克严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型的遗传和表观遗传学状况进行了描述和观察。这项研究揭示了旅行在向该国引入新变种方面的影响,包括那些在刺突蛋白S1结构域发生突变的变种,这些突变可以增强病毒对受体的附着。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Respiratory Microbiota in Patients with and Without Hospital-Acquired Infection 医院获得性感染患者与非医院获得性感染患者呼吸道微生物群比较
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-29 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-133257
Farzad Mohammadi Ebli, Z. Heshmatipour, K. Daneshjou, S. Siadat
Background: Nosocomial infections have increased among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives: This study investigated the microbiota pattern of the respiratory system in hospitalized patients with treatment-resistant respiratory infections compared to those without treatment-resistant respiratory infections. Methods: This case-control study utilized sputum samples from hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and non-HAI (NHAI) patients over 52 years old hospitalized in the ICU. Identification and determination of the drug sensitivity of the bacteria responsible for treatment-resistant respiratory infections were made by culture method in selective and differential media and VITEK 2 device. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the microbiota of the respiratory system. Results: Excessive prescription of antibiotics, long hospitalization, and history of surgery were important risk factors for nosocomial infections. The study of antibiotic resistance of pathogens causing hospital infections indicated their high resistance to most common antibiotics. Also, nosocomial infections led to a change in lung microbiota in HAI patients. The frequencies of Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae were higher in patients with treatment-resistant respiratory infection (P < 0.05), but the frequency of Neisseria spp. was higher in patients without treatment-resistant respiratory infection (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The pathogens responsible for nosocomial infections had acquired resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, leading to changes in their respiratory microbiota.
背景:重症监护病房(ICU)住院患者的院内感染有所增加。目的:本研究探讨了治疗耐药呼吸道感染住院患者与非治疗耐药呼吸道感染住院患者呼吸系统的微生物群模式。方法:本病例对照研究使用医院获得性感染(HAI)和非HAI (NHAI)患者的痰样本,年龄大于52岁。采用选择性和差异培养基培养法和VITEK 2装置对耐药呼吸道感染病原菌进行药敏鉴定和测定。最后,采用定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)对呼吸系统微生物群进行分析。结果:抗生素处方过量、住院时间长、手术史是院内感染的重要危险因素。医院感染病原菌的耐药性研究表明,病原菌对大多数常见抗生素具有较高的耐药性。此外,医院感染导致HAI患者肺部微生物群的变化。化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌在治疗耐药呼吸道感染患者中出现频率较高(P < 0.05),而奈瑟菌在非治疗耐药呼吸道感染患者中出现频率较高(P < 0.05)。结论:引起医院感染的病原菌对多种抗生素产生耐药性,导致其呼吸道菌群发生变化。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and Its Occult Infection in Hemodialysis Patients 丙型肝炎病毒在血液透析患者中的流行及其隐性感染
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-136504
M. Nakhaie, E. Taheri, J. Charostad, Nasir Arefinia, D. Kalantar-Neyestanaki, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, F. Ahmadpour, Mohamad Hossein Pourebrahimi, Sara Ahmadinejad Farsangi, Sara Shafieipour
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common infections in hemodialysis patients, which has been associated with increased incidence of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the HCV antibody, occult HCV infection (OCI), and related risk factors among hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 hemodialysis patients referred to a dialysis center in Kerman between December 2021 and March 2022 were assessed for HCV, OCI, and their related risk factors. The information related to risk factors was collected by questionnaire, while HCV and OCI were detected through serology and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, respectively. Results: Among the patients participating in the study, 61 were men, and 39 were women. The average age was 58.1 ± 14.9 years in men and 63.6 ± 11.4 years in women. Diabetes and hypertension history, old age, low education, self-employment, and urban living were more common in chronic kidney disease patients. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed 3% positive seroprevalence HCV infection, but only 1% was positive for OCI. Although no statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of HCV (antibody and OCI) and other parameters, all positive HCV cases were identified in patients with low education and freelance employment. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients had a low prevalence of HCV antibody and OCI. Improving various factors and conditions such as lifestyle, occupation, educational level, and dialysis ward and machine disinfection could be beneficial in managing and controlling hemodialysis complications such as HCV and OCI.
背景:丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是血液透析患者最常见的感染之一,它与发病率和死亡率的增加有关,特别是在中低收入国家。目的:本研究旨在评估血液透析患者的丙型肝炎病毒抗体、隐匿性丙型肝炎病毒感染(OCI)及其相关危险因素。方法:在这项横断面研究中,对2021年12月至2022年3月期间转诊至克尔曼透析中心的100名血液透析患者进行了HCV、OCI及其相关风险因素的评估。通过问卷调查收集与危险因素相关的信息,同时分别通过血清学和实时聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法检测HCV和OCI。结果:在参与研究的患者中,61人为男性,39人为女性。男性平均年龄58.1±14.9岁,女性平均年龄63.6±11.4岁。糖尿病和高血压病史、老年、低学历、自营职业和城市生活在慢性肾脏病患者中更常见。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)显示血清HCV感染阳性率为3%,但OCI阳性率仅为1%。尽管HCV(抗体和OCI)的存在与其他参数之间没有统计学上的显著关系,但所有阳性HCV病例都是在低教育和自由职业的患者中发现的。结论:血液透析患者HCV抗体和OCI的患病率较低。改善各种因素和条件,如生活方式、职业、教育水平、透析病房和机器消毒,可能有助于管理和控制血液透析并发症,如HCV和OCI。
{"title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus and Its Occult Infection in Hemodialysis Patients","authors":"M. Nakhaie, E. Taheri, J. Charostad, Nasir Arefinia, D. Kalantar-Neyestanaki, Mohammad Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, F. Ahmadpour, Mohamad Hossein Pourebrahimi, Sara Ahmadinejad Farsangi, Sara Shafieipour","doi":"10.5812/jjm-136504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-136504","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common infections in hemodialysis patients, which has been associated with increased incidence of morbidity and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the HCV antibody, occult HCV infection (OCI), and related risk factors among hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 hemodialysis patients referred to a dialysis center in Kerman between December 2021 and March 2022 were assessed for HCV, OCI, and their related risk factors. The information related to risk factors was collected by questionnaire, while HCV and OCI were detected through serology and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods, respectively. Results: Among the patients participating in the study, 61 were men, and 39 were women. The average age was 58.1 ± 14.9 years in men and 63.6 ± 11.4 years in women. Diabetes and hypertension history, old age, low education, self-employment, and urban living were more common in chronic kidney disease patients. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed 3% positive seroprevalence HCV infection, but only 1% was positive for OCI. Although no statistically significant relationship was found between the presence of HCV (antibody and OCI) and other parameters, all positive HCV cases were identified in patients with low education and freelance employment. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients had a low prevalence of HCV antibody and OCI. Improving various factors and conditions such as lifestyle, occupation, educational level, and dialysis ward and machine disinfection could be beneficial in managing and controlling hemodialysis complications such as HCV and OCI.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbiological Profile and Drug Resistance in Bone and Joint Infections: A Survey in Orthopedic Wards of a Great Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran 骨和关节感染的微生物学特征和耐药性:伊朗德黑兰一家大型转诊医院骨科病房的调查
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-137125
Samaneh Salarvand, A. Abdollahi, Masoumeh Doraghi, Seyed Amir Miratashi Yazdi, Z. Panahi, S. Mortazavi, E. Nazar
Background: Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery are at risk of nosocomial infections, and antibiotic resistance is known to increase the risk of such infections. Objectives: We aimed to determine the rate of antibiotic resistance in patients admitted to orthopedic wards in one of the largest referral hospitals in Iran. We also ascertained responsible antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in patients with bone and joint infections. Methods: The present cross-sectional investigation was concluded over a period of five years, from March 2018 to March 2022, at a great referral hospital in Tehran. Laboratory data, including the organisms isolated and their antibiotic resistance patterns, were collected by reviewing the hospital information system. Results: In total, 2650 specimens obtained from patients with suspected bacterial infections were transferred to the hospital’s laboratory, 880 (33.2%) of which were positive for bacterial infections. The maximum antibiotic resistance rate against an antibiotic was observed to be 58% for Staphylococcus aureus (erythromycin), 75% for Klebsiella pneumonia (ampicillin/sulbactam), 64.5% for Escherichia coli (imipenem), 76.2% for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (vancomycin), 100% for Acinetobacter baumannii (imipenem), 52% for S. epidermidis (erythromycin), 85.9% for Enterobacter species (gentamycin), and 65.6% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ampicillin/sulbactam). The overall rate of multi-drug resistance was obtained as 27.6%. Conclusions: A high rate of resistance of various bacterial strains to common antibiotics, especially erythromycin, ampicillin, imipenem, vancomycin, and gentamycin, was denoted in orthopedic wards. Also, a high rate of multi-antibiotic resistance was encountered in these wards, where more than a quarter of the bacterial strains showed such resistance.
背景:接受骨科手术的患者存在院内感染的风险,已知抗生素耐药性会增加此类感染的风险。目的:我们的目的是确定在伊朗最大的转诊医院之一骨科病房住院的患者的抗生素耐药率。我们还确定了骨和关节感染患者的抗生素耐药微生物。方法:本横断面调查于2018年3月至2022年3月期间在德黑兰一家大型转诊医院完成。通过审查医院信息系统收集实验室数据,包括分离的微生物及其抗生素耐药性模式。结果:共收集疑似细菌感染患者标本2650份,其中细菌感染阳性880份(33.2%)。其中,金黄色葡萄球菌(红霉素)最高耐药率为58%,肺炎克雷伯菌(氨苄青霉素/舒巴坦)最高耐药率为75%,大肠杆菌(亚胺培南)最高耐药率为64.5%,凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(万古霉素)最高耐药率为76.2%,鲍曼不动杆菌(亚胺培南)最高耐药率为100%,表皮葡萄球菌(红霉素)最高耐药率为52%,肠杆菌(庆大霉素)最高耐药率为85.9%,铜绿假单胞菌(氨苄青霉素/舒巴坦)最高耐药率为65.6%。总耐多药率为27.6%。结论:骨科病房各菌株对常用抗生素的耐药率较高,尤其是红霉素、氨苄西林、亚胺培南、万古霉素、庆大霉素。此外,在这些病房中,多种抗生素耐药率很高,其中超过四分之一的细菌菌株表现出这种耐药。
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引用次数: 0
Microbial Diversity and Abundance in Pulmonary Tissue of Patients with Early-Stage Lung Cancer 早期肺癌患者肺组织微生物多样性和丰度
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-137478
Zhao Shouhua, L. Meilan
Background: The composition of lung tissue microorganisms in patients with different tissue types of lung cancer has not yet been determined. Previous studies have shown changes in the composition of pulmonary microbial flora in patients with lung cancer. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the differences and correlations in the microbial flora of pulmonary tissue among different histological types of lung cancer. Methods: Samples of tumor and normal lung tissue from 29 patients with early-stage lung cancer were collected. The samples were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq high throughput sequencing technology for 16S rDNA in the V4 region of the bacteria. Also, their microbiological characteristics were detected, and bioinformatics analysis was performed. Results: The results of microbial abundance analysis in the lung tissue of patients with lung cancer showed that the bacterial colony composition of the two tissues was similar, with Proteobacteria, Thickwalled Bacteria, Anomalococcus, Bacteroides, and Actinobacteria predominating. Analysis of microbial diversity found no difference in α diversity and β diversity between normal lung tissue and tumor tissue. When analyzing patients with adenocarcinoma, the abundance of Micrococcales and Blastomonas was significantly higher in tumor tissue than in normal lung tissue. Conclusions: The composition of microbial flora in different parts of lung tissue of early-stage lung cancer patients is consistent, but the dominant flora varies among different histological types of lung cancer.
背景:癌症不同组织类型患者的肺组织微生物组成尚未确定。先前的研究表明,癌症患者肺部微生物菌群的组成发生了变化。目的:探讨癌症不同组织学类型肺组织微生物菌群的差异及其相关性。方法:收集29例早期癌症患者的肿瘤和正常肺组织标本。使用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术对细菌V4区域的16S rDNA进行测序。此外,还检测了它们的微生物特征,并进行了生物信息学分析。结果:癌症患者肺组织微生物丰度分析结果显示,两种组织的菌落组成相似,以变形菌、厚壁菌、异常球菌、拟杆菌和放线菌为主。微生物多样性分析发现,正常肺组织和肿瘤组织的α多样性和β多样性没有差异。在分析腺癌患者时,肿瘤组织中微球菌和芽胞菌的丰度显著高于正常肺组织。结论:早期癌症患者肺组织不同部位的微生物菌群组成一致,但癌症不同组织类型的优势菌群不同。
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引用次数: 0
Clostridium difficile Infection Risk Factors and Outcomes Among Inpatients Infected with NAP1/BI/027 Strain Compared to Non-NAP1 Strain in a Major Chinese Hospital 中国某大医院感染NAP1/BI/027菌株与非NAP1菌株住院患者艰难梭菌感染的危险因素及转归
IF 0.6 4区 医学 Q4 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.5812/jjm-136904
Guangyue Yao, Wenjia Wang, Chunhong Shao, Jing Shao, Hui Fan, Yuanyuan Bai
Background: NAP1/027 Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has rarely been reported in China. Objectives: The objective of this study was to strengthen the understanding of the risk factors and outcomes of NAP1/027 CDI. Methods: A single-center, retrospective, case-control (1: 3) study was performed to identify risk factors and outcomes specific to NAP1/027 CDI using a group of patients with NAP1/027 CDI (n = 20) and a group of age-matched control patients with non-NAP1/027 CDI (n = 60) within June 2018 and August 2021. The patient charts were thoroughly reviewed to assess the markers of severity, risk factors, and outcomes. Results: Out of the 272 stool specimens, 41 cases (15.07%) tested positive for the NAP1 strain of C. difficile using the polymerase chain reaction. Among these specimens, 20 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was observed between the NAP1/027 and non-NAP1/027 groups in disease severity, length of hospital stay, or mortality. Logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for acquiring NAP1/027 infection included hospitalization in the 90 days before CDI diagnosis and high C-reactive protein level within ± 3 days of C. difficile detection. Conclusions: In a large non-epidemic tertiary hospital in China, NAP1/027 strains were more prevalent in patients with previous hospitalization and high CRP level than non-NAP1/027 strains.
背景:NAP1/027艰难梭菌感染(Clostridium difficile infection, CDI)在中国报道较少。目的:本研究的目的是加强对NAP1/027 CDI的危险因素和预后的认识。方法:采用2018年6月至2021年8月期间的NAP1/027 CDI患者组(n = 20)和非NAP1/027 CDI对照组(n = 60),进行单中心、回顾性、病例对照(1∶3)研究,以确定NAP1/027 CDI的危险因素和结局。对患者的病历进行全面审查,以评估严重程度、危险因素和结果。结果:272例粪便标本中,艰难梭菌NAP1聚合酶链反应阳性41例(15.07%)。其中20例符合纳入标准。NAP1/027组与非NAP1/027组在疾病严重程度、住院时间或死亡率方面无显著差异。Logistic回归分析显示,发生NAP1/027感染的危险因素包括CDI诊断前90天住院和艰难梭菌检测后±3天内c反应蛋白水平升高。结论:在国内某大型非流行病三级医院中,既往住院且CRP水平高的患者中NAP1/027株比非NAP1/027株更流行。
{"title":"Clostridium difficile Infection Risk Factors and Outcomes Among Inpatients Infected with NAP1/BI/027 Strain Compared to Non-NAP1 Strain in a Major Chinese Hospital","authors":"Guangyue Yao, Wenjia Wang, Chunhong Shao, Jing Shao, Hui Fan, Yuanyuan Bai","doi":"10.5812/jjm-136904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/jjm-136904","url":null,"abstract":"Background: NAP1/027 Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has rarely been reported in China. Objectives: The objective of this study was to strengthen the understanding of the risk factors and outcomes of NAP1/027 CDI. Methods: A single-center, retrospective, case-control (1: 3) study was performed to identify risk factors and outcomes specific to NAP1/027 CDI using a group of patients with NAP1/027 CDI (n = 20) and a group of age-matched control patients with non-NAP1/027 CDI (n = 60) within June 2018 and August 2021. The patient charts were thoroughly reviewed to assess the markers of severity, risk factors, and outcomes. Results: Out of the 272 stool specimens, 41 cases (15.07%) tested positive for the NAP1 strain of C. difficile using the polymerase chain reaction. Among these specimens, 20 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No significant difference was observed between the NAP1/027 and non-NAP1/027 groups in disease severity, length of hospital stay, or mortality. Logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors for acquiring NAP1/027 infection included hospitalization in the 90 days before CDI diagnosis and high C-reactive protein level within ± 3 days of C. difficile detection. Conclusions: In a large non-epidemic tertiary hospital in China, NAP1/027 strains were more prevalent in patients with previous hospitalization and high CRP level than non-NAP1/027 strains.","PeriodicalId":17803,"journal":{"name":"Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42625789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology
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