Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2496
P. W. Prihandini, A. Primasari, M. Luthfi, J. Efendy, D. Pamungkas
Information on the genetic diversity of native and local cattle in Indonesia is vital for the development of breeding and conservation strategies. This study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the Indonesian native (Bali) and local [(Donggala, Madura, Sragen, Galekan, Rambon, dan Peranakan Ongole Grade x Bali (POBA)] cattle populations. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples (n= 75). Partial sequences of mtDNA cyt b , 464 bp, were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction technique (forward primer: L14735 and reverse primer: H15149). Thirty-four reference sequences of Bos taurus , Bos indicus , and Bos javanicus were included in the phylogenetic analyses. A total of 55 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes were observed in the whole breeds. No variable sites of mtDNA cyt b were observed in Galekan (kept in BCRS) and Rambon cattle. Overall haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.515 ± 0.070 and 0.0184 ± 0.0045, respectively. The highest (0.092) and the lowest (0.000) genetic distances were between Bali and Donggala cattle populations and among Galekan (kept in BCRS), Rambon, and POBA cattle populations, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analyses revealed two major maternal lineages (A and B) of the studied population. Most of the sampled individuals (69.33%, present in haplotype H8-H19) were linked to lineage B, which belonged to the same cluster with Bos javanicus . Overall, most of the Indonesian native and local cattle populations had a considerable genetic diversity and shared a common maternal origin with Bos javanicus .
关于印度尼西亚本地和当地牛的遗传多样性的信息对于制定育种和保护战略至关重要。本研究旨在评估印尼本地（巴厘岛）和当地[（Donggala、Madura、Sragen、Galekan、Rambon、dan Peranakan Ongole Grade x Bali（POBA）]牛种群的遗传多样性和系统发育关系。从血液样本中提取基因组DNA（n=75）。利用聚合酶链式反应技术（正向引物：L14735，反向引物：H15149）扩增了464bp的mtDNA cyt b的部分序列。在系统发育分析中包括了34个牛牛、印度牛牛和爪哇牛牛的参考序列。在整个品种中共观察到55个多态位点和13个单倍型。在Galekan（保存在BCRS中）和Rambon牛中没有观察到mtDNA cyt b的可变位点。整体单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.515±0.070和0.0184±0.0045。遗传距离最高（0.092）和最低（0.000）的分别是Bali和Donggala牛群之间以及Galekan（饲养在BCRS中）、Rambon和POBA牛群之间。mtDNA网络和系统发育分析都揭示了研究种群的两个主要母系谱系（A和B）。大多数采样个体（69.33%，存在于单倍型H8-H19中）与谱系B有关，该谱系与爪哇Bos属于同一集群。总的来说，大多数印尼本地和当地牛种群具有相当大的遗传多样性，与爪哇博斯有着共同的母系血统。
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome b in Indonesian Native and Local Cattle Populations","authors":"P. W. Prihandini, A. Primasari, M. Luthfi, J. Efendy, D. Pamungkas","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2496","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the genetic diversity of native and local cattle in Indonesia is vital for the development of breeding and conservation strategies. This study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the Indonesian native (Bali) and local [(Donggala, Madura, Sragen, Galekan, Rambon, dan Peranakan Ongole Grade x Bali (POBA)] cattle populations. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples (n= 75). Partial sequences of mtDNA cyt b , 464 bp, were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction technique (forward primer: L14735 and reverse primer: H15149). Thirty-four reference sequences of Bos taurus , Bos indicus , and Bos javanicus were included in the phylogenetic analyses. A total of 55 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes were observed in the whole breeds. No variable sites of mtDNA cyt b were observed in Galekan (kept in BCRS) and Rambon cattle. Overall haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.515 ± 0.070 and 0.0184 ± 0.0045, respectively. The highest (0.092) and the lowest (0.000) genetic distances were between Bali and Donggala cattle populations and among Galekan (kept in BCRS), Rambon, and POBA cattle populations, respectively. Both mtDNA network and phylogenetic analyses revealed two major maternal lineages (A and B) of the studied population. Most of the sampled individuals (69.33%, present in haplotype H8-H19) were linked to lineage B, which belonged to the same cluster with Bos javanicus . Overall, most of the Indonesian native and local cattle populations had a considerable genetic diversity and shared a common maternal origin with Bos javanicus .","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"39-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45114862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2467
Forough Masoumi, M. Shariati, M. Mokhtari
As an organophosphorus, Diazinon (DZN) impairs liver tissue function by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and causing oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of Silybum marianum aqueous extract (SMAE) and L-carnitine (LC) on the stereological and histopathological changes of the liver in DZN-treated male rats were investigated. The rats in this study were placed into 9 groups of 8 each containing control, placebo, and a combination of DZN, SMAE, and LC. The animals received SMAE and chemicals orally for 30 days. At last, the liver tissue of all animals was removed. Then, tissue sections from the liver were provided to study the stereological markers including liver volume and weight, hepatocytes’ volume, central venous volume, sinusoidal volume, connective tissue volume, inflammation rate, and a number of the hepatocytes’ nuclei. Also, the sample tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Treatment with DZN significantly reduced the liver volume and weight, hepatocyte volume, central venous volume, sinusoidal volume, and hepatocyte nucleus number compared to placebo and control but it significantly increased the inflammation and volume of liver’s connective tissue. However, co-administration of SMAE and LC with DZN improved liver volume and weight, hepatocyte volume, central venous volume, sinusoidal volume, connective tissue volume, and hepatocyte nucleus number alone compared to the DZN treatment. Liver inflammation was also significantly decreased compared to the DZN treatment but comparing to the placebo and control groups, it increased significantly. Simultaneous administration of SMAE and LC has protective effects on liver tissue and can reduce DZN-induced liver injury in rats.
{"title":"Effects of Silybum marianum Aqueous Extract and L-carnitine on Stereological Changes in Diazinon-Treated Rat Liver","authors":"Forough Masoumi, M. Shariati, M. Mokhtari","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i2.2467","url":null,"abstract":"As an organophosphorus, Diazinon (DZN) impairs liver tissue function by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and causing oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of Silybum marianum aqueous extract (SMAE) and L-carnitine (LC) on the stereological and histopathological changes of the liver in DZN-treated male rats were investigated. The rats in this study were placed into 9 groups of 8 each containing control, placebo, and a combination of DZN, SMAE, and LC. The animals received SMAE and chemicals orally for 30 days. At last, the liver tissue of all animals was removed. Then, tissue sections from the liver were provided to study the stereological markers including liver volume and weight, hepatocytes’ volume, central venous volume, sinusoidal volume, connective tissue volume, inflammation rate, and a number of the hepatocytes’ nuclei. Also, the sample tissues were evaluated histopathologically. Treatment with DZN significantly reduced the liver volume and weight, hepatocyte volume, central venous volume, sinusoidal volume, and hepatocyte nucleus number compared to placebo and control but it significantly increased the inflammation and volume of liver’s connective tissue. However, co-administration of SMAE and LC with DZN improved liver volume and weight, hepatocyte volume, central venous volume, sinusoidal volume, connective tissue volume, and hepatocyte nucleus number alone compared to the DZN treatment. Liver inflammation was also significantly decreased compared to the DZN treatment but comparing to the placebo and control groups, it increased significantly. Simultaneous administration of SMAE and LC has protective effects on liver tissue and can reduce DZN-induced liver injury in rats.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2069
Ibrahim Abu El Naser
This study was done to determine the direct and maternal genetic and phenotypic trends for productive traits such as first lactation milk yield (FLMY, kg), first lactation period (FLP, d) and first lactation daily milk (FLDM, kg), and reproductive traits such as age at first calving (AFC, mo), First days open (FDO, d) and first calving interval (FCI, d). Data were collected over consecutive 25 years (1991 to 2015) of 1104 first lactation of 135 sires and 482 dams maintained at Mahallet Mousa farms of Animal Production Research Institute. Data were analyzed by Animal model to determine genetic parameters for studied traits. Means of FLMY, FLP, FLDM, AFC, FDO and FCI were 1546.5kg, 189d, 7.9kg, 37.9mo, 120.8d and 428d, respectively. The direct heritability (h2a) for same traits were 0.25, 0.18, 0.24, 0.45, 0.18 and 0.19, respectively. Corresponding maternal heritability (h2m) for mentioned traits was 0.12, 0.19, 0.22, 0.25, 0.12 and 0.12, respectively. Genetic correlations (rg) among studied traits were varied between -0.19 to 0.38. Accuracy of predicted breeding value varied between 69 to 94, 0.37 to 94 and 42 to 91% for FLMY, FLP, FLDM, AFC, FDO and FCI of sires, cows and dams, respectively that revealed the genetic improvement could be actualized through each of cows or sires or dams. Additive and maternal genetic, permanent environmental and phenotypic trends were not significant for all studied traits. It indicated that it is important to set up a plan to improve genetic and environmental conditions thus, increasing productivity and realization of high profitability.
{"title":"Direct and Maternal Genetic Trends for Some Productive and Reproductive Traits in Egyptian Buffaloes","authors":"Ibrahim Abu El Naser","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2069","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done to determine the direct and maternal genetic and phenotypic trends for productive traits such as first lactation milk yield (FLMY, kg), first lactation period (FLP, d) and first lactation daily milk (FLDM, kg), and reproductive traits such as age at first calving (AFC, mo), First days open (FDO, d) and first calving interval (FCI, d). Data were collected over consecutive 25 years (1991 to 2015) of 1104 first lactation of 135 sires and 482 dams maintained at Mahallet Mousa farms of Animal Production Research Institute. Data were analyzed by Animal model to determine genetic parameters for studied traits. Means of FLMY, FLP, FLDM, AFC, FDO and FCI were 1546.5kg, 189d, 7.9kg, 37.9mo, 120.8d and 428d, respectively. The direct heritability (h2a) for same traits were 0.25, 0.18, 0.24, 0.45, 0.18 and 0.19, respectively. Corresponding maternal heritability (h2m) for mentioned traits was 0.12, 0.19, 0.22, 0.25, 0.12 and 0.12, respectively. Genetic correlations (rg) among studied traits were varied between -0.19 to 0.38. Accuracy of predicted breeding value varied between 69 to 94, 0.37 to 94 and 42 to 91% for FLMY, FLP, FLDM, AFC, FDO and FCI of sires, cows and dams, respectively that revealed the genetic improvement could be actualized through each of cows or sires or dams. Additive and maternal genetic, permanent environmental and phenotypic trends were not significant for all studied traits. It indicated that it is important to set up a plan to improve genetic and environmental conditions thus, increasing productivity and realization of high profitability.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45219811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2079
Dela Ria Nesti, Ahmad Baidlowi, A. Fauzi, Ida Tjahajati
The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of mix culture bacteria (EM4®:E) and fungi ( Trichoderma viridae :TV) on physical quality and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of peanut hull-based feed supplements. Basal feed was divided into four treatments, which were: P0 (BF); P1 (E:25%+TV:75%); P2 (E:50%+TV:50%),; and P3 (E:75%+TV:25%); and each treatment had three replications. Feeds were fermented facultative anaerobically for nine days. The observed parameters were physical qualities (color, odor, fungi appearance and pH), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters (rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, and the significance of differences were tested using Kruskall-Wallis test for the physical qualities data and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test for in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Results showed that the combination of E and TV at different level did not affect odor and the fungi appearance parameters (P≥0.05), however, it significantly affected P≤0.05) color change from blackish (1.64) in P0 to brownish in P1, P2 and P3 of 2.44; 2.69; and 2.80, respectively. The pH also decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by 10.67%. Treatment also did not affect the rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content (P≥0.05). It is concluded that the combination of the EM4® 25%: Trichoderma viridae 75% on peanut-hull based feed supplement fermentation gives the best result on color and pH fermented feed product without affecting the rumen fermentation process.
本研究的目的是确定混合培养细菌（EM4®：E）和真菌（木霉病毒科：TV）组合对花生壳饲料补充剂的物理质量和体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响。基础饲料分为4个处理，分别为：P0（BF）；P1（E:25%+电视：75%）；P2（E:50%+电视：50%），；P3（E:75%+TV:25%）；每个处理有三次重复。饲料经兼性厌氧发酵9天。观察到的参数是物理性质（颜色、气味、真菌外观和pH）和体外瘤胃发酵参数（瘤胃pH、微生物蛋白质含量和总挥发性脂肪酸含量）。使用单向ANOVA设计分析数据，并使用物理质量数据的Kruskall-Wallis检验和体外瘤胃发酵参数的Duncan’s New Multiple Range test（DMRT）检验来检验差异的显著性。结果表明，不同水平的E和TV组合不影响气味和真菌外观参数（P≥0.05），但显著影响P≤0.05）颜色从P0的黑色（1.64）到P1、P2和P3的褐色（2.44）的变化；2.69；和2.80。pH值也显著降低（P≤0.05）10.67%，和总挥发性脂肪酸含量（P≥0.05）。结果表明，EM4®25%：木霉75%在不影响瘤胃发酵过程的情况下，以花生壳为基础的补料发酵对颜色和pH发酵饲料产品的效果最好。
{"title":"Effect of Mix Culture Bacteria and Fungi in Fermented Peanut Hulls-Based Feed Supplement on Physical Quality and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Parameters","authors":"Dela Ria Nesti, Ahmad Baidlowi, A. Fauzi, Ida Tjahajati","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2079","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of the combination of mix culture bacteria (EM4®:E) and fungi ( Trichoderma viridae :TV) on physical quality and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters of peanut hull-based feed supplements. Basal feed was divided into four treatments, which were: P0 (BF); P1 (E:25%+TV:75%); P2 (E:50%+TV:50%),; and P3 (E:75%+TV:25%); and each treatment had three replications. Feeds were fermented facultative anaerobically for nine days. The observed parameters were physical qualities (color, odor, fungi appearance and pH), and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters (rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, and the significance of differences were tested using Kruskall-Wallis test for the physical qualities data and Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test for in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Results showed that the combination of E and TV at different level did not affect odor and the fungi appearance parameters (P≥0.05), however, it significantly affected P≤0.05) color change from blackish (1.64) in P0 to brownish in P1, P2 and P3 of 2.44; 2.69; and 2.80, respectively. The pH also decreased significantly (P≤0.05) by 10.67%. Treatment also did not affect the rumen pH, microbial protein content, and total volatile fatty acid content (P≥0.05). It is concluded that the combination of the EM4® 25%: Trichoderma viridae 75% on peanut-hull based feed supplement fermentation gives the best result on color and pH fermented feed product without affecting the rumen fermentation process.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43682164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2161
Marziyeh Naimi, M. Shariati, S. Naeimi, M. Edalatmanesh
Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic and carcinogenic compound produced in cooking process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) gene expression level and ovarian histopathological changes in AA-treated rats. Thirty-six female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including control, positive control (+VE Con), negative control (-VE Con), experimental 1 (Exp1), experimental 2 (Exp2) and experimental 3 (Exp3). Twenty eight days after the treatment, ERK gene expression level was measured by real-time PCR method and ovarian histopathological changes were evaluated. The ERK gene expression level was significantly decreased in the +VE Con, Exp1 and Exp2 groups as compared to the control group (p˂0.05), but not in the -VE Con and Exp3 groups (p˃0.05). Histologically, the +VE Con group showed a significant decrease in the number of primary, secondary and Graafian follicles as well as corpus luteum as compared to the control group (p˂0.05), but not in the negative, Exp2 and Exp3 groups (p˃0.05). In the Exp1 group, the number of primary and secondary follicles as well as corpus luteum significantly decreased (p˂0.05), however, the numbers of Graafian follicle and the corpus luteum were significantly increased as compared to the +VE Con group (p˂0.05). The AA was supposed to increase the apoptosis and folliculogenesis degradation in the rat ovarian tissue by decreasing ERK gene expression. Administration of NAC ameliorated the deleterious effects of AA in a dose-dependent manner and improve folliculogenesis by reducing apoptosis level. Thus, the NAC supplement could be helpful in ameliorating animal fertility.
{"title":"Effect of N-acetylcystein on ERK Gene Expression in Ovarian Tissue of Acrylamide-Treated Adult Rats","authors":"Marziyeh Naimi, M. Shariati, S. Naeimi, M. Edalatmanesh","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2161","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic and carcinogenic compound produced in cooking process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) gene expression level and ovarian histopathological changes in AA-treated rats. Thirty-six female adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups including control, positive control (+VE Con), negative control (-VE Con), experimental 1 (Exp1), experimental 2 (Exp2) and experimental 3 (Exp3). Twenty eight days after the treatment, ERK gene expression level was measured by real-time PCR method and ovarian histopathological changes were evaluated. The ERK gene expression level was significantly decreased in the +VE Con, Exp1 and Exp2 groups as compared to the control group (p˂0.05), but not in the -VE Con and Exp3 groups (p˃0.05). Histologically, the +VE Con group showed a significant decrease in the number of primary, secondary and Graafian follicles as well as corpus luteum as compared to the control group (p˂0.05), but not in the negative, Exp2 and Exp3 groups (p˃0.05). In the Exp1 group, the number of primary and secondary follicles as well as corpus luteum significantly decreased (p˂0.05), however, the numbers of Graafian follicle and the corpus luteum were significantly increased as compared to the +VE Con group (p˂0.05). The AA was supposed to increase the apoptosis and folliculogenesis degradation in the rat ovarian tissue by decreasing ERK gene expression. Administration of NAC ameliorated the deleterious effects of AA in a dose-dependent manner and improve folliculogenesis by reducing apoptosis level. Thus, the NAC supplement could be helpful in ameliorating animal fertility.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2196
S. P. Ginting, A. Tarigan, Kiston Simanuhuruk, Antonius, Solehudin
Lactating goats are prone to negative energy status due to increased body fat reserve mobilization to support the high energy requirement of milk production. The study was aimed to investigate the responses of the lactating goat on diets provided in total-mixed ration differing in the energy sources. The experiment was conducted using a total of 35 does having 2-3 parities and an average bodyweight of 30.3±4.48 kg and BCS of 2.5 ± 0.05 on a scale basis of 1 to 5. Animals were allocated to one of five dietary treatments (seven animals/treatment) formulated to be iso-nitrogen dan iso-calory in a total mixed ration. Cassava meal was used as the source of glucogenic energy and bergafat as the main source of lipogenic energy. There were no DM intake differences (P>0.05) between the glucogenic diet (1.49% and 2.28% fat), but significant increases (P 0.05) and ranged from 37 to 43 mg/dl and 39 to 51 mg/dl, respectively. Numerically, however, the blood glucose and urea level linearly increased as the diet becoming more lipogenic due to the increased feed intake. It is concluded that lactating goats offered diets with lipogenic energy sources (7.5% fat content) presented in pelleted total mixed-ration during the entire lactation period had a higher dry matter and nutrient intakes, body weight gain and body condition score compared to those fed diets with glucogenic energy source.
{"title":"Effects of Two Different Energy Sources in Total Mixed Diets on the Performances and Blood Metabolites of Lactating Boerka Goats","authors":"S. P. Ginting, A. Tarigan, Kiston Simanuhuruk, Antonius, Solehudin","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2196","url":null,"abstract":"Lactating goats are prone to negative energy status due to increased body fat reserve mobilization to support the high energy requirement of milk production. The study was aimed to investigate the responses of the lactating goat on diets provided in total-mixed ration differing in the energy sources. The experiment was conducted using a total of 35 does having 2-3 parities and an average bodyweight of 30.3±4.48 kg and BCS of 2.5 ± 0.05 on a scale basis of 1 to 5. Animals were allocated to one of five dietary treatments (seven animals/treatment) formulated to be iso-nitrogen dan iso-calory in a total mixed ration. Cassava meal was used as the source of glucogenic energy and bergafat as the main source of lipogenic energy. There were no DM intake differences (P>0.05) between the glucogenic diet (1.49% and 2.28% fat), but significant increases (P 0.05) and ranged from 37 to 43 mg/dl and 39 to 51 mg/dl, respectively. Numerically, however, the blood glucose and urea level linearly increased as the diet becoming more lipogenic due to the increased feed intake. It is concluded that lactating goats offered diets with lipogenic energy sources (7.5% fat content) presented in pelleted total mixed-ration during the entire lactation period had a higher dry matter and nutrient intakes, body weight gain and body condition score compared to those fed diets with glucogenic energy source.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45976690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2053
D. Kurniawan, Citra Dewi Yulia Chistie
This study was aimed to investigate performance and quality of broiler duck carcasses fed with Morinda citrifolia and Arthrospira plattensis. A total of 168 two-week-old broiler duck with an initial average body weight of 463 ± 29.38 g and a diversity of 6.35 % were randomly allotted to 7 experimental groups with 4 replications each with 6 bird per replication. Treatments were T0 (basal diet as a control), T1 (basal diet + 0.2% of Morinda citrifolia powder (MP)), T2 (basal diet + 0.5% of Arthrospira plattensis powde(AP)) , T3 (basal diet + 0.2% of MP+ 0.5% of AP), T4 (basal diet + 0.4% of MP + 0.5% of AP), T5 (basal diet + 0.2% of MP + 0.1% of AP), T6 (basal diet 0.4% of MP + 0.1% of AP). Variables measured were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, abdominal fat, and visceral organ. Data were analyzed for variance based on a Completely Randomize Design and continued with Duncan’s multiple Range Test for differences. Result showed that the treatments did not affect (P>0.05) on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The treatments also did not affect (P>0.05) carcass percentage, abdominal fat, and visceral organ. The diet did not significantly improve performance and quality of broiler duck carcasses.
{"title":"The Effect of Morinda citrifolia and Arthrospira plattensis Powder on the Performance and Quality of Broiler Duck Carcasses","authors":"D. Kurniawan, Citra Dewi Yulia Chistie","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v25i1.2053","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to investigate performance and quality of broiler duck carcasses fed with Morinda citrifolia and Arthrospira plattensis. A total of 168 two-week-old broiler duck with an initial average body weight of 463 ± 29.38 g and a diversity of 6.35 % were randomly allotted to 7 experimental groups with 4 replications each with 6 bird per replication. Treatments were T0 (basal diet as a control), T1 (basal diet + 0.2% of Morinda citrifolia powder (MP)), T2 (basal diet + 0.5% of Arthrospira plattensis powde(AP)) , T3 (basal diet + 0.2% of MP+ 0.5% of AP), T4 (basal diet + 0.4% of MP + 0.5% of AP), T5 (basal diet + 0.2% of MP + 0.1% of AP), T6 (basal diet 0.4% of MP + 0.1% of AP). Variables measured were feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass percentage, abdominal fat, and visceral organ. Data were analyzed for variance based on a Completely Randomize Design and continued with Duncan’s multiple Range Test for differences. Result showed that the treatments did not affect (P>0.05) on feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The treatments also did not affect (P>0.05) carcass percentage, abdominal fat, and visceral organ. The diet did not significantly improve performance and quality of broiler duck carcasses.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"25 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2033
T. Sartika, S. Iskandar
KUB-2 line of chicken has improved local chicken selected from the KUB-1 chicken line. KUB-2 was selected for more egg production and yellow shank. KUB-1 chicken has 64% various of black feather color, which sometimes tends to have unpreferred dark carcass. Yellow shank color has a positive correlation with the skin color of carcass. As many as 517 pullets of KUB-2 at 4th generation were divided into two groups of 194 pullets of KUB-2kk (yellow shank) and 323 pullets of KUB-2nk non-yellow shank). The chickens were raised intensively in the individual cages for the 24 weeks observation. Variables measured were age at first egg (AFE) bodyweight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight at first egg (EWFE), average egg weight (AEW), average egg production (AEP) during 24 weeks, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 25-43 weeks of age, and mortality. The result showed that there was no statistically significant different (p>0.05) between KUB-2nk and KUB-2kk respectively for AFE of 156.2 d and 158.1 d, for BWFE of 1788 g and 1808 g, for EWFE of 31.32 g and 31.34 g, for AEP24 of 103.3 eggs or 61.5% and 101.9 eggs or 60.7%, and for FCR25-43 of 3.53 and 3.54. AEW increased with increasing age of hen, the mortality of the whole population was 0.98%.
{"title":"The productivity of 4th Generation KUB-2 Chicken","authors":"T. Sartika, S. Iskandar","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2033","url":null,"abstract":"KUB-2 line of chicken has improved local chicken selected from the KUB-1 chicken line. KUB-2 was selected for more egg production and yellow shank. KUB-1 chicken has 64% various of black feather color, which sometimes tends to have unpreferred dark carcass. Yellow shank color has a positive correlation with the skin color of carcass. As many as 517 pullets of KUB-2 at 4th generation were divided into two groups of 194 pullets of KUB-2kk (yellow shank) and 323 pullets of KUB-2nk non-yellow shank). The chickens were raised intensively in the individual cages for the 24 weeks observation. Variables measured were age at first egg (AFE) bodyweight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight at first egg (EWFE), average egg weight (AEW), average egg production (AEP) during 24 weeks, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 25-43 weeks of age, and mortality. The result showed that there was no statistically significant different (p>0.05) between KUB-2nk and KUB-2kk respectively for AFE of 156.2 d and 158.1 d, for BWFE of 1788 g and 1808 g, for EWFE of 31.32 g and 31.34 g, for AEP24 of 103.3 eggs or 61.5% and 101.9 eggs or 60.7%, and for FCR25-43 of 3.53 and 3.54. AEW increased with increasing age of hen, the mortality of the whole population was 0.98%.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"24 1","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48040894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2055
T. Haryati, A. P. Sinurat, H. Hamid, T. Purwadaria
BS4 enzyme that is produced from solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on coconut cake with Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 in tray bioreactor has been applied as a feed additive. It increases the nutritional value of animal feedstuff. The BS4 production on SSF may be influenced by the better aeration through the perforated trays or by the thinner substrate. The aim of this research is to optimize the production of BS4 with different substrate thicknesses and types of trays. The trial was carried out using a factorial randomized design (2x2x3) with 6 replicates. The first factor was the type of trays: i.e., non-perforated and perforated tray. The second factor was the thickness of the substrate: i.e., 1.5 and 3.0 cm, while the third factor was the duration of fermentation: i.e. 5, and 7 days. The variables observed were moisture content, dry matter loss (DML), mannanase and saccharification activities, soluble protein content, their specific activities, and yield. Statistical analysis showed no interactions between the three factors, but there were interactions between types of trays and substrate thicknesses, as well as type of trays and incubation times on the mannanase activity and yield of mannanase. The results showed that DML was observed on day 7 were around 31.43- 36.89. The highest mannanase activity was observed on the non-perforated tray with 3 cm thickness on day 7. The saccharification activity towards palm kernel meal was better in the non-perforated tray on day 7 but not influenced by The yield value of mannanase and saccharification activities on a non-perforated tray with 3.0 cm thickness on day 7 was also the highest. Based on energy efficiency and the cost of production, it can be concluded that the optimum condition to produce the BS4 enzyme was observed in the non-perforated tray with 3 cm thickness and fermented for 7 days.
{"title":"Optimization of BS4 Enzyme production with Different Substrate Thickness and Type of Trays","authors":"T. Haryati, A. P. Sinurat, H. Hamid, T. Purwadaria","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2055","url":null,"abstract":"BS4 enzyme that is produced from solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on coconut cake with Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 in tray bioreactor has been applied as a feed additive. It increases the nutritional value of animal feedstuff. The BS4 production on SSF may be influenced by the better aeration through the perforated trays or by the thinner substrate. The aim of this research is to optimize the production of BS4 with different substrate thicknesses and types of trays. The trial was carried out using a factorial randomized design (2x2x3) with 6 replicates. The first factor was the type of trays: i.e., non-perforated and perforated tray. The second factor was the thickness of the substrate: i.e., 1.5 and 3.0 cm, while the third factor was the duration of fermentation: i.e. 5, and 7 days. The variables observed were moisture content, dry matter loss (DML), mannanase and saccharification activities, soluble protein content, their specific activities, and yield. Statistical analysis showed no interactions between the three factors, but there were interactions between types of trays and substrate thicknesses, as well as type of trays and incubation times on the mannanase activity and yield of mannanase. The results showed that DML was observed on day 7 were around 31.43- 36.89. The highest mannanase activity was observed on the non-perforated tray with 3 cm thickness on day 7. The saccharification activity towards palm kernel meal was better in the non-perforated tray on day 7 but not influenced by The yield value of mannanase and saccharification activities on a non-perforated tray with 3.0 cm thickness on day 7 was also the highest. Based on energy efficiency and the cost of production, it can be concluded that the optimum condition to produce the BS4 enzyme was observed in the non-perforated tray with 3 cm thickness and fermented for 7 days.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"24 1","pages":"158-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47063745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-31DOI: 10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2006
A. Sudarman, G. Listiawan, L. Khodijah
This research aimed to evaluate the performance of fattened madura cattle fed on coffee husk as a source of fibre to substitute grasses. Twenty Madura steers aged approximately 1.5 to 2.0 years with initial weight of 165-190 kg were divided randomly into four different experimental diets, namely R0= 90% concentrates +0% coffee husk +10% napier grass, R1= 90 % concentrates +3.33% coffee husk +6.67% napier grass, R2 = 90% concentrate +10% 6.67% coffee husk +3.33% napier grass, R3 = 90% concentrates 90% + 10% coffee husk +0% napier grass. The feed was given at 3% body weight of dry mater. The cows were kept in individual pen for two months. Variables measured were dry mater intake, feed efficiency, average daily gain (ADG), digestibility of feed and income over feed cost. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance based on randomized block design followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that dry matter intake, ADG, feed efficiency and feed digestibility of cattle on each treatment of the feed were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Average of dry matter intake and daily gain for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 6.01, 5.84, 5.73 and 5.62 kg/head/day and 0.88, 0.87, 0.84 and 0.93 kg/head/day respectively. While the average of feed efficiency and DM digestibility for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 14.64, 14.89, 14.65 and 16.54 % and 84.82, 84.37, 83.47 and 83.30 %, respectively. It is concluded that the used of 10% coffee husk as a source of fibre for substitution of napier grass can be used without negative effect on madura’s cattle performances and tend to give higher values of IOFC on fattening program.
{"title":"The Use of Coffee Husk as Napier Grass Substitution and Its Effect on Madura Cattle Performance","authors":"A. Sudarman, G. Listiawan, L. Khodijah","doi":"10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14334/jitv.v24i4.2006","url":null,"abstract":"This research aimed to evaluate the performance of fattened madura cattle fed on coffee husk as a source of fibre to substitute grasses. Twenty Madura steers aged approximately 1.5 to 2.0 years with initial weight of 165-190 kg were divided randomly into four different experimental diets, namely R0= 90% concentrates +0% coffee husk +10% napier grass, R1= 90 % concentrates +3.33% coffee husk +6.67% napier grass, R2 = 90% concentrate +10% 6.67% coffee husk +3.33% napier grass, R3 = 90% concentrates 90% + 10% coffee husk +0% napier grass. The feed was given at 3% body weight of dry mater. The cows were kept in individual pen for two months. Variables measured were dry mater intake, feed efficiency, average daily gain (ADG), digestibility of feed and income over feed cost. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance based on randomized block design followed by Duncan’s multiple range test. Results showed that dry matter intake, ADG, feed efficiency and feed digestibility of cattle on each treatment of the feed were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Average of dry matter intake and daily gain for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 6.01, 5.84, 5.73 and 5.62 kg/head/day and 0.88, 0.87, 0.84 and 0.93 kg/head/day respectively. While the average of feed efficiency and DM digestibility for R0, R1, R2, and R3 were 14.64, 14.89, 14.65 and 16.54 % and 84.82, 84.37, 83.47 and 83.30 %, respectively. It is concluded that the used of 10% coffee husk as a source of fibre for substitution of napier grass can be used without negative effect on madura’s cattle performances and tend to give higher values of IOFC on fattening program.","PeriodicalId":17806,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner","volume":"24 1","pages":"166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42676571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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