Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.30
J. Heo, Jeonghyun Baek, Young-Sin Hong
BACKGROUND: Selection an suitable light source is essential in the year-round production of horticultural crops in closed production systems such as plant factory with controlled environments. This study was investigated to confirm the effects of artificial light sources on growth of cherry tomato‘CF Jelly’( Lycopersicon esculentum var.) under high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS), metal-halide lamps (MH), and LEDs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Light intensity of the light sources was controlled at 220±30 µmol/m 2 /s with 12 hrs of photoperiod for a day. Flower development was significantly faster in HPS and MH treatments compared to the LEDs. There was no significant difference between the leaf number and leaf shape under the HPS and MH treatments. Reproductive growth of cherry tomato was significantly promoted by the LEDs treatment of blue plus red lights. Fruit yield per plant also increased under the LEDs compared to the others. CONCLUSION(S): Growth, flowering, and fruit setting of the cherry tomato were accomplished by the artificial lights under plant factory conditions. The HPS treatment showed negative effect on fruit quality in terms of blos-som-end rot incidence compared to the LEDs or MH treatment. Effect of the LEDs on promotion of fruit weight and yield was also proved. Additional research should be carried out for improving sugar metabolism or decreasing disease in the fruits under plant factory system using only artificial lights.
{"title":"Artificial Light Sources Influence Cherry Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cv. ‘CF Jelly’) Growth and Development","authors":"J. Heo, Jeonghyun Baek, Young-Sin Hong","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.30","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Selection an suitable light source is essential in the year-round production of horticultural crops in closed production systems such as plant factory with controlled environments. This study was investigated to confirm the effects of artificial light sources on growth of cherry tomato‘CF Jelly’( Lycopersicon esculentum var.) under high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS), metal-halide lamps (MH), and LEDs. METHODS AND RESULTS: Light intensity of the light sources was controlled at 220±30 µmol/m 2 /s with 12 hrs of photoperiod for a day. Flower development was significantly faster in HPS and MH treatments compared to the LEDs. There was no significant difference between the leaf number and leaf shape under the HPS and MH treatments. Reproductive growth of cherry tomato was significantly promoted by the LEDs treatment of blue plus red lights. Fruit yield per plant also increased under the LEDs compared to the others. CONCLUSION(S): Growth, flowering, and fruit setting of the cherry tomato were accomplished by the artificial lights under plant factory conditions. The HPS treatment showed negative effect on fruit quality in terms of blos-som-end rot incidence compared to the LEDs or MH treatment. Effect of the LEDs on promotion of fruit weight and yield was also proved. Additional research should be carried out for improving sugar metabolism or decreasing disease in the fruits under plant factory system using only artificial lights.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78756647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.38
H. Kweon, Dong-Hoon Sagong
BACKGROUND: The low temperature at flowering period break the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of apple tree. Summer pruning has been used to control vegetative growth. So, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of summer pruning time on shoot growth and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period. METHODS AND RESULTS: The following treatments were applied to tree : a) control (no summer pruning), b) pruned 26 June, c) pruned 30 July, d) pruned 28 August, and e) pruned 26 September. The summer pruning significantly increased light penetration and fruit red color by reducing the total shoot growth compared with control. And the summer pruning control the outbreak of apple valsa canker. But the summer pruning at the end of June increased regrowth of shoot and pruning weight compared with the summer pruning at the end of August. The summer pruning at 30 July had the highest fruit weight, but return bloom was the highest in the summer pruning at 28 August. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated the optimum summer pruning time of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period were the end of August.
{"title":"Influence of Summer Pruning Time on Shoot Growth and Fruit Quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 Apple Tree Damaged by the Low Air Temperature at Flowering Period","authors":"H. Kweon, Dong-Hoon Sagong","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.38","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The low temperature at flowering period break the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of apple tree. Summer pruning has been used to control vegetative growth. So, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of summer pruning time on shoot growth and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period. METHODS AND RESULTS: The following treatments were applied to tree : a) control (no summer pruning), b) pruned 26 June, c) pruned 30 July, d) pruned 28 August, and e) pruned 26 September. The summer pruning significantly increased light penetration and fruit red color by reducing the total shoot growth compared with control. And the summer pruning control the outbreak of apple valsa canker. But the summer pruning at the end of June increased regrowth of shoot and pruning weight compared with the summer pruning at the end of August. The summer pruning at 30 July had the highest fruit weight, but return bloom was the highest in the summer pruning at 28 August. CONCLUSION(S): These results indicated the optimum summer pruning time of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees damaged by the low temperature at flowering period were the end of August.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72864387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.41
I. Cho, Gyeong-hwan Lee, Woo-Young Cho, Yun-Su Jeong, Danbi Kim, Kil‐Yong Kim, Gi-Woo Hyoung, Chulmin Kim
BACKGROUND: Pre-harvest interval and decline pat-tern of thiamethoxam were determined in kiwifruit using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The study was carried out to propose import tolerance using OECD maximum residue limit (MRL) calculator for the export promotion of kiwifruit to Taiwan. METHODS AND RESULTS: The thiamethoxam residue in kiwifruit was determined by using the LC-TriQ-MS/ MS with the analytical process to set up the import tolerance under greenhouse conditions for Taiwan. Excellent linearity was observed for all of the analytes with a determination coefficient (R 2 )≥0.99. The limit of quantification was determined to be 0.01 mg/kg for both thiamethoxam and clothianidin in kiwifruit. Linearity was determined from the co-efficient of determinants (R 2 ) obtained from the seven-point calibration curve. The standard calibration curve showed as follows; 1) Site 1 (Gimje): y =
{"title":"Persistence Study of Thiamethoxam and Its Metabolite in Kiwifruit for Establishment of Import Tolerance","authors":"I. Cho, Gyeong-hwan Lee, Woo-Young Cho, Yun-Su Jeong, Danbi Kim, Kil‐Yong Kim, Gi-Woo Hyoung, Chulmin Kim","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.41","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Pre-harvest interval and decline pat-tern of thiamethoxam were determined in kiwifruit using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The study was carried out to propose import tolerance using OECD maximum residue limit (MRL) calculator for the export promotion of kiwifruit to Taiwan. METHODS AND RESULTS: The thiamethoxam residue in kiwifruit was determined by using the LC-TriQ-MS/ MS with the analytical process to set up the import tolerance under greenhouse conditions for Taiwan. Excellent linearity was observed for all of the analytes with a determination coefficient (R 2 )≥0.99. The limit of quantification was determined to be 0.01 mg/kg for both thiamethoxam and clothianidin in kiwifruit. Linearity was determined from the co-efficient of determinants (R 2 ) obtained from the seven-point calibration curve. The standard calibration curve showed as follows; 1) Site 1 (Gimje): y =","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77878558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.37
Misun Kim, Young-eel Moon, S. Kim, J. Joa, S. Yun, Yosup Park
BACKGROUND: The mean annual temperature of the Korean Peninsula will continue to rise due to global warming. ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin—a late-harvest cultivar —is primarily cultivated in plastic greenhouses where high temperatures cannot be directly avoided. Therefore, growth and fruit quality changes under elevated temperatures must be investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Elevated temperatures were divided into three groups [2°C (T-I), 4°C (T-II), and 6℃ (T-III) above the ambient temperature] during the 2019-2020 season. Mean temperatures were 17.1℃, 18.6 ℃, and 20.2℃ in T-I, T-II, and T-III, respectively. The bud bursts in T-II and T-III were earlier than that in T-I at 7 days and 11 days, respectibely. And the full blooms in T-II and T-III were earlier than that in T-I at 11 days and 23 days, respectively. Fruit size significantly increased with increased temperature. The citrus color index in the coloring phase markedly differed across treatments. Fur-ther, total soluble solid and acid contents markedly chan-ged with temperature rise but the sugar-to-acid ratio did not. Sucrose content tended to decrease with increase in temperature, but citric acid content remained unaffected. CONCLUSION(S): Elevated temperature accelerated plant growth and development but delayed rind color development in ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin. Therefore, rise in ambient temperature by >4.6°C may negatively affect yield and fruit quality.
{"title":"Long-term Elevated Temperature Affects the Growth and Quality of ‘Shiranuhi’ Mandarin Grown in a Green House","authors":"Misun Kim, Young-eel Moon, S. Kim, J. Joa, S. Yun, Yosup Park","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.37","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The mean annual temperature of the Korean Peninsula will continue to rise due to global warming. ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin—a late-harvest cultivar —is primarily cultivated in plastic greenhouses where high temperatures cannot be directly avoided. Therefore, growth and fruit quality changes under elevated temperatures must be investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Elevated temperatures were divided into three groups [2°C (T-I), 4°C (T-II), and 6℃ (T-III) above the ambient temperature] during the 2019-2020 season. Mean temperatures were 17.1℃, 18.6 ℃, and 20.2℃ in T-I, T-II, and T-III, respectively. The bud bursts in T-II and T-III were earlier than that in T-I at 7 days and 11 days, respectibely. And the full blooms in T-II and T-III were earlier than that in T-I at 11 days and 23 days, respectively. Fruit size significantly increased with increased temperature. The citrus color index in the coloring phase markedly differed across treatments. Fur-ther, total soluble solid and acid contents markedly chan-ged with temperature rise but the sugar-to-acid ratio did not. Sucrose content tended to decrease with increase in temperature, but citric acid content remained unaffected. CONCLUSION(S): Elevated temperature accelerated plant growth and development but delayed rind color development in ‘Shiranuhi’ mandarin. Therefore, rise in ambient temperature by >4.6°C may negatively affect yield and fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88687280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.28
Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Jin-Ho Kim
BACKGROUND: Ammonia gas emitted from nitrogen fertilizers applied in agricultural land is an environmental pollutant that catalyzes the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). A significant portion (12-18%) of nitrogen fertilizer input for crop cultivation is emitted to the at-mosphere as ammonia gas, a loss form of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural land. The widely practiced method for fertilizer use in agricultural fields involves spraying the fertilizers on the surface of farmlands and mixing those with the soils through such means as rotary work. To test the potential reduction of ammonia emission by nitrogen fertilizers from the soil surface, we have added N, P, and K at 2 g each to the glass greenhouse soil, and the ammonia emission was analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatment consisted of non-fertilization, surface spray (conventional fertilization), and soil depth spray at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. Ammonia was collected using a self-manufactured vertical wind tunnel chamber, and it was quantified by the indophenol-blue method. As a result of analyzing ammonia emission after fertilizer treatments by soil depth, ammonia was emitted by the surface spray treatment immedi-ately after spraying the fertilizer in the paddy soil, with no ammonia emission occurring at a soil depth of 10 cm to 30 cm. In the upland soil, ammonia was emitted by the surface spray treatment after 2 days of treatment, and there was no ammonia emission at a soil depth of 15 cm to 30 cm. Lettuce and Chinese cabbage treated with fertilizer at depths of 20 cm and 30 cm showed increases of fresh weight and nutrient and potassium contents. CONCLUSION(S): In conclusion, rather than the current fertilization method of spraying and mixing the fertilizers on the soil surface, deep placement of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soil at 10 cm or more in paddy fields and 15 cm or more in upland fields was considered as a better fertilization method to reduce ammonia emission.
{"title":"Reducing the Effect of Ammonia Emissions from Paddy and Upland Soil with Deep Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizers","authors":"Sung-Chang Hong, Min-Wook Kim, Jin-Ho Kim","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.28","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Ammonia gas emitted from nitrogen fertilizers applied in agricultural land is an environmental pollutant that catalyzes the formation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). A significant portion (12-18%) of nitrogen fertilizer input for crop cultivation is emitted to the at-mosphere as ammonia gas, a loss form of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural land. The widely practiced method for fertilizer use in agricultural fields involves spraying the fertilizers on the surface of farmlands and mixing those with the soils through such means as rotary work. To test the potential reduction of ammonia emission by nitrogen fertilizers from the soil surface, we have added N, P, and K at 2 g each to the glass greenhouse soil, and the ammonia emission was analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The treatment consisted of non-fertilization, surface spray (conventional fertilization), and soil depth spray at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm. Ammonia was collected using a self-manufactured vertical wind tunnel chamber, and it was quantified by the indophenol-blue method. As a result of analyzing ammonia emission after fertilizer treatments by soil depth, ammonia was emitted by the surface spray treatment immedi-ately after spraying the fertilizer in the paddy soil, with no ammonia emission occurring at a soil depth of 10 cm to 30 cm. In the upland soil, ammonia was emitted by the surface spray treatment after 2 days of treatment, and there was no ammonia emission at a soil depth of 15 cm to 30 cm. Lettuce and Chinese cabbage treated with fertilizer at depths of 20 cm and 30 cm showed increases of fresh weight and nutrient and potassium contents. CONCLUSION(S): In conclusion, rather than the current fertilization method of spraying and mixing the fertilizers on the soil surface, deep placement of the nitrogen fertilizer in the soil at 10 cm or more in paddy fields and 15 cm or more in upland fields was considered as a better fertilization method to reduce ammonia emission.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84767193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.40
Jun Hyung Lee, Hye-Won Hong, Dukki Han
BACKGROUND: Although antibiotics have contributed to treatment of bacterial infection, the antibiotic abuse can lead to antibiotic resistant bacteria. Impact of human ac-tivities on distribution of antibiotic resistance has been in-tensively issued and occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in contaminated environments would not be a surprise. Nonetheless, anthropogenic contamination with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance along uncon-taminated environments has been less considered. The aim of this study is to investigate antibiotic resistant bacteria across Ulleungdo, known as antibiotic resistance free and anthropogenic pollution free environment in Rep. of Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal seawater of Ulleungdo were investigated in July 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk diffusion method was applied with six drugs according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guide-line. Total 43 bacterial isolates were tested and 20 isolates among of them showed multidrug resistance. Particularly, the number and ratio of resistant bacteria were relatively high in a densely populated area of Ulleungdo. The bacterial communities were investigated using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach in the coastal seawater and soils of Ulleungdo. In the bacterial communities, Firmicutes were selectively distributed only in seawater, suggesting the possibility of anthropogenic contamination in coastal seawater of Ulleungdo. CONCLUSION(S): We found antibiotic resistant bacteria in a populated area of Ulleungdo. The occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Ulleungdo seems to result from the recent anthropogenic impact. Consistent monitoring of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the uncontami-nated environment needs to considered for future risk assessment of antibiotics.
{"title":"Survey of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Ulleungdo, Korea","authors":"Jun Hyung Lee, Hye-Won Hong, Dukki Han","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.4.40","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Although antibiotics have contributed to treatment of bacterial infection, the antibiotic abuse can lead to antibiotic resistant bacteria. Impact of human ac-tivities on distribution of antibiotic resistance has been in-tensively issued and occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in contaminated environments would not be a surprise. Nonetheless, anthropogenic contamination with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance along uncon-taminated environments has been less considered. The aim of this study is to investigate antibiotic resistant bacteria across Ulleungdo, known as antibiotic resistance free and anthropogenic pollution free environment in Rep. of Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal seawater of Ulleungdo were investigated in July 2021. Antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk diffusion method was applied with six drugs according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guide-line. Total 43 bacterial isolates were tested and 20 isolates among of them showed multidrug resistance. Particularly, the number and ratio of resistant bacteria were relatively high in a densely populated area of Ulleungdo. The bacterial communities were investigated using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding approach in the coastal seawater and soils of Ulleungdo. In the bacterial communities, Firmicutes were selectively distributed only in seawater, suggesting the possibility of anthropogenic contamination in coastal seawater of Ulleungdo. CONCLUSION(S): We found antibiotic resistant bacteria in a populated area of Ulleungdo. The occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Ulleungdo seems to result from the recent anthropogenic impact. Consistent monitoring of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the uncontami-nated environment needs to considered for future risk assessment of antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86680804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.22
Han-Na Cho, Seung-Gyu Lee, So-Hui Kim, Jin-Ju Yun, Jae-Hyuk Park, Ju-Sik Cho, Se-Won Kang
BACKGROUND: Most of the bottom ash(BA) from wood pellet-based thermal power plants that is not re-cycled is placed into landfill. BA has a function and struc-ture similar to biochar. Hence, BA is classified as waste, but, it is predicted that BA can be used agricultural utilization. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the effect of BA application on lettuce, growth characteristics and Pb contents were examined with BA application levels(0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L), respectively, in hydroponic cultivation with Pb solution. Irrespective with BA application levels, the length, leaf number and fresh weight of lettuce in BA treatments were increased by 84.3~120, 36.2~39.0, and 215~322%, respectively, compared to the BA-0 treat-ment. The groups with BA treatments, Pb in the nutrient solution was adsorbed to the BA due to the surface area and functional groups of the BA, and the lettuce growth was maintained more smoothly than in the BA-0 treat-ment. BA application is considered to have created a fa-vorable environment for lettuce growth in hydroponic cultivation with Pb solution. CONCLUSION(S): Although direct comparing the removal effect of heavy metal between BA and biochar is not present, the BA application in contaminated area sug-gested a significant meaning on the recycling waste, and increasing potential crop productivity by immobilizing heavy metal.
{"title":"Evaluation of Growth Characteristics and Lead Uptake of Lettuce under different application levels of Bottom Ash","authors":"Han-Na Cho, Seung-Gyu Lee, So-Hui Kim, Jin-Ju Yun, Jae-Hyuk Park, Ju-Sik Cho, Se-Won Kang","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Most of the bottom ash(BA) from wood pellet-based thermal power plants that is not re-cycled is placed into landfill. BA has a function and struc-ture similar to biochar. Hence, BA is classified as waste, but, it is predicted that BA can be used agricultural utilization. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the effect of BA application on lettuce, growth characteristics and Pb contents were examined with BA application levels(0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L), respectively, in hydroponic cultivation with Pb solution. Irrespective with BA application levels, the length, leaf number and fresh weight of lettuce in BA treatments were increased by 84.3~120, 36.2~39.0, and 215~322%, respectively, compared to the BA-0 treat-ment. The groups with BA treatments, Pb in the nutrient solution was adsorbed to the BA due to the surface area and functional groups of the BA, and the lettuce growth was maintained more smoothly than in the BA-0 treat-ment. BA application is considered to have created a fa-vorable environment for lettuce growth in hydroponic cultivation with Pb solution. CONCLUSION(S): Although direct comparing the removal effect of heavy metal between BA and biochar is not present, the BA application in contaminated area sug-gested a significant meaning on the recycling waste, and increasing potential crop productivity by immobilizing heavy metal.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84801930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.25
H. Ham, J. Choi, J. Hur
BACKGROUND: Dithiocarbamate fungicide propineb can be analyzed quantitatively by derivatization reaction followed by HPLC/UVD, which has high reproducibility and stability. However, the presence of high protein in soybeans and peas affects the derivatization process re-sulting in extremely low recoveries. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve the analytical method for analysis of propineb in soybeans and peas by applying a deproteinization process using chloroform-gel method. METHODS AND RESULTS: The deproteinization process was carried out up to 6 times for soybeans and 5 times for peas using 50 mL chloroform. After 4 times of deproteinization process followed by a derivatization reaction with methyl iodide, the recovery yields of propineb in both pulses were >90%. However, the recovery yield tended to decrease when the deproteinization process was performed more than 5 times. The method limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.04 mg/L. The recovery conducted in triplicate at 10 times and 50 times of the LOQ ranged from 87.2 to 95.0 % with a coefficient of variation <10%. CONCLUSION(S): This study confirmed that 4 times of deproteinization process using the chloroform-gel method was effective when derivatizing and analyzing dithiocarbamate fungicides in pulses with high protein content. However, depending on the initial protein content present in the pulses, there was a difference in the recovery: the lower the protein content, the higher the recovery rate of propineb. It is expected that the method proposed in this study could be applied to remove high content of protein as analytical interference substance from agricultural samples.
{"title":"Improvement of Analytical Method for Propineb Residues in Glycine max (L.) Merrill and Pisum sativum L. using Deproteinization Process","authors":"H. Ham, J. Choi, J. Hur","doi":"10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.25","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Dithiocarbamate fungicide propineb can be analyzed quantitatively by derivatization reaction followed by HPLC/UVD, which has high reproducibility and stability. However, the presence of high protein in soybeans and peas affects the derivatization process re-sulting in extremely low recoveries. Therefore, this study was conducted to improve the analytical method for analysis of propineb in soybeans and peas by applying a deproteinization process using chloroform-gel method. METHODS AND RESULTS: The deproteinization process was carried out up to 6 times for soybeans and 5 times for peas using 50 mL chloroform. After 4 times of deproteinization process followed by a derivatization reaction with methyl iodide, the recovery yields of propineb in both pulses were >90%. However, the recovery yield tended to decrease when the deproteinization process was performed more than 5 times. The method limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.04 mg/L. The recovery conducted in triplicate at 10 times and 50 times of the LOQ ranged from 87.2 to 95.0 % with a coefficient of variation <10%. CONCLUSION(S): This study confirmed that 4 times of deproteinization process using the chloroform-gel method was effective when derivatizing and analyzing dithiocarbamate fungicides in pulses with high protein content. However, depending on the initial protein content present in the pulses, there was a difference in the recovery: the lower the protein content, the higher the recovery rate of propineb. It is expected that the method proposed in this study could be applied to remove high content of protein as analytical interference substance from agricultural samples.","PeriodicalId":17872,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77460235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.26
Yun-Jae Yi, Dae-Shin Kim, Suk-Hyung Ko, Keun-chul Lee, Jung-Sook Lee, Jong-Shik Kim
BACKGROUND: Gotjawal forest on Jeju Island is characterized by uneven topography that developed as a result of freezing-thawing weathering process and irregular substrates caused by numerous lava-flow collapses. Sanyang Gotjawal, located in southwest of Jeju Island, is a well-developed forest with a long history. In addition to photographs, there is a need for a good way to describe the unique features of Gotjawal, including its geology and vegetation. METHODS AND RESULTS: We illustrated the area's natural features using Clip Studio Paint 1.12.0. To reveal its complexity, we separated the vegetation and geological features in the illustrations. CONCLUSION(S): We drew a cross-section of Gotjawal's unique layers, including lava flows. In addition to an eco-geological approach, we described the dominant vegetation and geological characteristics of the three forest layers (trees, shrubs, and herbs) in Gotjawal.
背景:济州岛Gotjawal森林的特点是由于冻融风化过程和无数熔岩流崩塌造成的不规则基底而形成的不平坦地形。位于济州岛西南部的三阳山崖是一个有着悠久历史的发达森林。除了照片，还需要一种好的方式来描述戈特贾瓦尔的独特特征，包括它的地质和植被。方法与结果:我们使用Clip Studio Paint 1.12.0对该地区的自然特征进行了描绘。为了揭示其复杂性，我们在插图中将植被和地质特征分开。结论(S):我们绘制了Gotjawal独特地层的横截面，包括熔岩流。除了生态地质方法，我们还描述了gogotjawal三层森林(乔木、灌木和草本)的主要植被和地质特征。
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2022.41.3.20
긍주 이
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