Dadang Mohamad, J. Akbardin, Muhammad Anelka Saiful Qashmal
Based on the data from the Bandung City Central Statistics Agency in 2020, population growth has been increased by 0.49%. The use of private vehicles, certainly affects the growth of traffic movements, especially at the Surapati Gasibu Intersection, Bandung City. To find out the traffic flow that passes through Surapati Street, a study was carried out using a movement generation model. The generation model uses the multiple regression analysis methods with the generated variable being the number of vehicles (Y) and the variables that influence it are the population (X1), the number of domestic tourists (X2), and the value of gross regional domestic income (X3) in Bandung. The data was obtained through the publication of the Bandung City BPS from 2012 to 2021 (10 years). Using the data analyst feature in Microsoft Excel, the regression equation is found to be Y = -7,003,565.898 + 3.213 X1 + 0.142 X2 and the growth value of traffic movement is at 2.39% per year. It means in 30 years the average traffic will grow by 20% and need a renewal intersection. Keywords: traffic, generation, Surapati Gasibu, Bandung
{"title":"Traffic Generation in Surapati Gasibu Bandung City","authors":"Dadang Mohamad, J. Akbardin, Muhammad Anelka Saiful Qashmal","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15555","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the data from the Bandung City Central Statistics Agency in 2020, population growth has been increased by 0.49%. The use of private vehicles, certainly affects the growth of traffic movements, especially at the Surapati Gasibu Intersection, Bandung City. To find out the traffic flow that passes through Surapati Street, a study was carried out using a movement generation model. The generation model uses the multiple regression analysis methods with the generated variable being the number of vehicles (Y) and the variables that influence it are the population (X1), the number of domestic tourists (X2), and the value of gross regional domestic income (X3) in Bandung. The data was obtained through the publication of the Bandung City BPS from 2012 to 2021 (10 years). Using the data analyst feature in Microsoft Excel, the regression equation is found to be Y = -7,003,565.898 + 3.213 X1 + 0.142 X2 and the growth value of traffic movement is at 2.39% per year. It means in 30 years the average traffic will grow by 20% and need a renewal intersection. \u0000Keywords: traffic, generation, Surapati Gasibu, Bandung","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"70 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Suhairi, Indani, Abdullah, Yuri Gagarin, Halimatussakdiah
Betung bamboo shoots (Dencrocalamus asper) is a plant derived from the shoots of bamboo betung processed into additional stuffing in Egyptian martabak. Betung bamboo shoots contain 59 gm of phosphorus and 13 mg of calcium, so they are good sources of natural nutrients for the body. The purpose of the study was to determine the organoleptic characteristics of the Egyptian martabak from bamboo betung shoots and to determine consumer acceptance of the Egyptian martabak from bamboo betung shoots. This study used an experimental method with three treatments and 3 repetitions using a completely randomized design (CRD). Data collection techniques used observation tests conducted by 5 sources, and acceptance tests were carried out by 30 consumers. The results of the observation test were analyzed by calculating the average value obtained from the sources, while the acceptance test was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANAVA). The results of the observation by the interviewees chose the Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots, treatment 3 with the code MM3 with the addition of 70 gm of bamboo shoots, the average value was 23.31. The results of the research acceptance test consumers like the color, texture, taste of the Egyptian martabak bamboo shoots betung treatment 1 (MM1) with the addition of 50 gm of bamboo shoots (25%), for the aroma consumers like Egyptian martabak bamboo betung shoots treatment 2 (MM2) with the addition of bamboo shoots bamboo betung 60 gm (30%). The resource person chose the Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots, treatment 3 with the code MM3 in terms of color, aroma, texture, and taste. Consumers choose the Egyptian martabak bamboo shoots with treatment 1 (MM1) in terms of color, texture, and taste. Meanwhile, in terms of aroma, consumers chose the Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots, and treatment 2 (MM2). Keywords: organoleptic, Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots.
{"title":"Organoleptic Analysis of Egyptian Martabak with the Addition of Betung Bamboo Shoots (Dendrocalamus asper)","authors":"L. Suhairi, Indani, Abdullah, Yuri Gagarin, Halimatussakdiah","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15386","url":null,"abstract":"Betung bamboo shoots (Dencrocalamus asper) is a plant derived from the shoots of bamboo betung processed into additional stuffing in Egyptian martabak. Betung bamboo shoots contain 59 gm of phosphorus and 13 mg of calcium, so they are good sources of natural nutrients for the body. The purpose of the study was to determine the organoleptic characteristics of the Egyptian martabak from bamboo betung shoots and to determine consumer acceptance of the Egyptian martabak from bamboo betung shoots. This study used an experimental method with three treatments and 3 repetitions using a completely randomized design (CRD). Data collection techniques used observation tests conducted by 5 sources, and acceptance tests were carried out by 30 consumers. The results of the observation test were analyzed by calculating the average value obtained from the sources, while the acceptance test was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANAVA). The results of the observation by the interviewees chose the Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots, treatment 3 with the code MM3 with the addition of 70 gm of bamboo shoots, the average value was 23.31. The results of the research acceptance test consumers like the color, texture, taste of the Egyptian martabak bamboo shoots betung treatment 1 (MM1) with the addition of 50 gm of bamboo shoots (25%), for the aroma consumers like Egyptian martabak bamboo betung shoots treatment 2 (MM2) with the addition of bamboo shoots bamboo betung 60 gm (30%). The resource person chose the Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots, treatment 3 with the code MM3 in terms of color, aroma, texture, and taste. Consumers choose the Egyptian martabak bamboo shoots with treatment 1 (MM1) in terms of color, texture, and taste. Meanwhile, in terms of aroma, consumers chose the Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots, and treatment 2 (MM2). \u0000Keywords: organoleptic, Egyptian martabak, bamboo shoots. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia Sukmawati, A. Firhandini, S. Nurkhasanah, A. Supiyani, Shabrina Nida Al Husna, H. E. El Enshasy, D. Dailin, Catur Sriherwanto
Mold is one of the microorganisms that causes damage to cocoa fruit because it produces mycotoxins as secondary metabolites that can decrease the crop yield. One type of pathogenic mold that destroys cocoa fruit is Aspergillus flavus. A. flavus produces aflatoxin B1 which is the most potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen to humans. Amongst the most effective ways to avoid alpha-toxin contamination in cocoa beans is to inhibit the growth of A. flavus in the beans. However, the use of pesticides and fungicides can increase the development of resistant strains of fungi and have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, we need other alternatives such as bio-control agents using antagonistic microorganisms, including yeasts. Thus, this study aims to characterize yeasts isolated from the fermented cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) from Lampung, Indonesia, and evaluate their ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus UNJCCF-55. The methods used were yeast screening, dual culture technique for antagonistic test, and morphological characterization. The 37ºC-growth screening gave 89 out of 98 yeast isolates. The subsequent antagonist test resulted in 13 isolates with the highest inhibition zone against A. flavus UNJCCF-55. These yeast isolates were macroscopically of smooth surface, butyrous texture, milky white color, irregular edges, and convex elevation. Microscopic observation showed that the isolates have oval cell shape, asexual reproduction of budding, and non-hyphae structure. Keywords: yeast antagonist, cocoa fermentation, aspergillus flavus
{"title":"The Effect of Yeast Antagonist Isolated from the Fermentation of Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao) from Lampung, Indonesia, on the Growth of Aspergillus flavus UNJCC F-55","authors":"Dalia Sukmawati, A. Firhandini, S. Nurkhasanah, A. Supiyani, Shabrina Nida Al Husna, H. E. El Enshasy, D. Dailin, Catur Sriherwanto","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15398","url":null,"abstract":"Mold is one of the microorganisms that causes damage to cocoa fruit because it produces mycotoxins as secondary metabolites that can decrease the crop yield. One type of pathogenic mold that destroys cocoa fruit is Aspergillus flavus. A. flavus produces aflatoxin B1 which is the most potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen to humans. Amongst the most effective ways to avoid alpha-toxin contamination in cocoa beans is to inhibit the growth of A. flavus in the beans. However, the use of pesticides and fungicides can increase the development of resistant strains of fungi and have a negative impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, we need other alternatives such as bio-control agents using antagonistic microorganisms, including yeasts. Thus, this study aims to characterize yeasts isolated from the fermented cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao) from Lampung, Indonesia, and evaluate their ability to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus UNJCCF-55. The methods used were yeast screening, dual culture technique for antagonistic test, and morphological characterization. The 37ºC-growth screening gave 89 out of 98 yeast isolates. The subsequent antagonist test resulted in 13 isolates with the highest inhibition zone against A. flavus UNJCCF-55. These yeast isolates were macroscopically of smooth surface, butyrous texture, milky white color, irregular edges, and convex elevation. Microscopic observation showed that the isolates have oval cell shape, asexual reproduction of budding, and non-hyphae structure. \u0000Keywords: yeast antagonist, cocoa fermentation, aspergillus flavus","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"42 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afkar Afkar, M. Sarong, T. Barus, N. Aldyza, Zulfikar Zulfikar, Arlen Hanel Jhon, M. Mulya
The Reuleng River is a mangrove area located in Aceh Besar district. Environmental changes that occur in the structure and composition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Reuleng River affect the macrozoobenthos conditions in the area. This study aims to determine the structure of the makrozoobenthos community as a biomomonitoring instrument in the mangrove ecosystem area. The study was conducted from February 2021 to May 2021. Determination of the sampling location was carried out using the purposive sampling technique and sampling was determined in three areas, namely upstream, middle stream, and downstream. The results showed that there were 19 species grouped into 4 genera and 12 families. The Macrozoobenthos Diversity Index in the Reuleng River area ranges from 2.62. The species that dominate the mangrove ecosystem area is the Faunus ater species with a dominant index value (0.16) and the lowest dominant species in the mangrove ecosystem is Thalassina anomala (0.01). No specific species were found that dominate the area. Based on descriptive observations, there is a group of Makrozoobenthos that has a relationship with the psychochemical quality of the air. The results show that the balance of the community in the area is still vulnerable and experiencing the impact of environmental pressures. Keywords: Structure, dominant, macrozoobenthos, biomonitoring, reuleng river, Leupung
{"title":"Structure and Dominance of Macrozoobenthos as Biomonitoring Instrument in the Reuleng River, Leupung, Aceh Besar, Indonesia","authors":"Afkar Afkar, M. Sarong, T. Barus, N. Aldyza, Zulfikar Zulfikar, Arlen Hanel Jhon, M. Mulya","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15543","url":null,"abstract":"The Reuleng River is a mangrove area located in Aceh Besar district. Environmental changes that occur in the structure and composition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Reuleng River affect the macrozoobenthos conditions in the area. This study aims to determine the structure of the makrozoobenthos community as a biomomonitoring instrument in the mangrove ecosystem area. The study was conducted from February 2021 to May 2021. Determination of the sampling location was carried out using the purposive sampling technique and sampling was determined in three areas, namely upstream, middle stream, and downstream. The results showed that there were 19 species grouped into 4 genera and 12 families. The Macrozoobenthos Diversity Index in the Reuleng River area ranges from 2.62. The species that dominate the mangrove ecosystem area is the Faunus ater species with a dominant index value (0.16) and the lowest dominant species in the mangrove ecosystem is Thalassina anomala (0.01). No specific species were found that dominate the area. Based on descriptive observations, there is a group of Makrozoobenthos that has a relationship with the psychochemical quality of the air. The results show that the balance of the community in the area is still vulnerable and experiencing the impact of environmental pressures. \u0000Keywords: Structure, dominant, macrozoobenthos, biomonitoring, reuleng river, Leupung","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"15 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In global regression, there is an assumption in the form of an error from a normally distributed model, so data that is normally distributed is required. But in reality, not all of the tested data meet the normal distribution. One of the theoretical distributions of continuous random variables that is often used is the Weibull distribution, where the Weibull distribution is a distribution that is often used to analyze the reliability of an object. If there are two response variables that are correlated with each other, the appropriate method used is Bivariate Weibull Regression (BWR). Spatial data has been widely used in various research fields. The Geographically Weighted Bivariate Weibull Regression (GWBWR) model is a model in which there are spatial effects, where there is spatial heterogeneity in bivariate regression with the response variable being Weibull distribution. In addition, panel data has also been applied in various cases, where panel data can provide information covering more than one time period. This can lead to a temporal effect. This study develops a model that can handle cases of spatial and temporal heterogeneity simultaneously, namely the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Bivariate Weibull Regression (GTWBWR) model. The parameter estimation in the model uses the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method which gives results that are not closed-form, so it is continued with the Berndt-Hall-Hall-Hausman (BHHH) numerical iteration. Keywords: parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, GWBWR
{"title":"Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Geographically and Temporally Weighted Bivariate Weibull Regression","authors":"Muhammad Eka Prasetya, Purhadi, Sutikno","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15586","url":null,"abstract":"In global regression, there is an assumption in the form of an error from a normally distributed model, so data that is normally distributed is required. But in reality, not all of the tested data meet the normal distribution. One of the theoretical distributions of continuous random variables that is often used is the Weibull distribution, where the Weibull distribution is a distribution that is often used to analyze the reliability of an object. If there are two response variables that are correlated with each other, the appropriate method used is Bivariate Weibull Regression (BWR). Spatial data has been widely used in various research fields. The Geographically Weighted Bivariate Weibull Regression (GWBWR) model is a model in which there are spatial effects, where there is spatial heterogeneity in bivariate regression with the response variable being Weibull distribution. In addition, panel data has also been applied in various cases, where panel data can provide information covering more than one time period. This can lead to a temporal effect. This study develops a model that can handle cases of spatial and temporal heterogeneity simultaneously, namely the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Bivariate Weibull Regression (GTWBWR) model. The parameter estimation in the model uses the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method which gives results that are not closed-form, so it is continued with the Berndt-Hall-Hall-Hausman (BHHH) numerical iteration. \u0000Keywords: parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, GWBWR","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dalia Sukmawati, A. Firhandini, U. Khumaiya, Dwi Ayu Komsiatun, Syifa Aulia Gunadi, A. Supiyani, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, Shabrina Nida Al Husna, H. E. El Enshasy, D. Dailin, Catur Sriherwanto
The presence of pathogenic molds in post-harvested cocoa beans poses a significant problem to most Indonesian farmers. Pathogenic molds secrete phytopathogenic toxins which cause rotting, seriously damaging the cocoa fruits. The common pathogenic molds found in damaged cocoa beans are Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya. These molds are so far controlled by using chemical pesticides, whose long-term use is potentially harmful to human health and the environment. Thus, a healthier and safer alternative is needed, especially using biological agents such as yeasts. Some yeasts produce cellulose-degrading enzymes that can possibly break down the fungal cell wall which is composed mostly of the polysaccharide’s chitin and glucan. In this study, yeasts were isolated during the cocoa fermentation process, followed by screening for cellulolytic activity using direct planting and paste method, and subsequent antagonistic testing by double culture technique. Out of 128 yeast isolates, 77 possessed cellulase activity, with 6 of them having the highest activity index. Antagonistic activity test of these 6 isolates (C1.0.4, C1.1.3, C2.3.10, C2.3.14, C3.5.11, and C3.3.1) against the pathogenic molds resulted in isolate C3.3.1 showing the highest inhibition percentage from the 2
{"title":"Antagonistic Activity of Cellulase-Producing Yeasts Isolated from Cocoa Fermentation Against Pathogenic Molds Collected from Damaged Cocoa Fruits","authors":"Dalia Sukmawati, A. Firhandini, U. Khumaiya, Dwi Ayu Komsiatun, Syifa Aulia Gunadi, A. Supiyani, Dwi Ningsih Susilowati, Shabrina Nida Al Husna, H. E. El Enshasy, D. Dailin, Catur Sriherwanto","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15401","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of pathogenic molds in post-harvested cocoa beans poses a significant problem to most Indonesian farmers. Pathogenic molds secrete phytopathogenic toxins which cause rotting, seriously damaging the cocoa fruits. The common pathogenic molds found in damaged cocoa beans are Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya. These molds are so far controlled by using chemical pesticides, whose long-term use is potentially harmful to human health and the environment. Thus, a healthier and safer alternative is needed, especially using biological agents such as yeasts. Some yeasts produce cellulose-degrading enzymes that can possibly break down the fungal cell wall which is composed mostly of the polysaccharide’s chitin and glucan. In this study, yeasts were isolated during the cocoa fermentation process, followed by screening for cellulolytic activity using direct planting and paste method, and subsequent antagonistic testing by double culture technique. Out of 128 yeast isolates, 77 possessed cellulase activity, with 6 of them having the highest activity index. Antagonistic activity test of these 6 isolates (C1.0.4, C1.1.3, C2.3.10, C2.3.14, C3.5.11, and C3.3.1) against the pathogenic molds resulted in isolate C3.3.1 showing the highest inhibition percentage from the 2","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140375132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Safrida, Maim Matualiah, Fitrah Asma Ulhusna, Gholib
Melastoma malabathricum L. is a wild plant in Aceh that can be used as a traditional medicine. This research aimes to determine the phytochemical profile and sensory evaluation of the fruit and flower vinegar of Melastoma malabathricum L. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two main groups, Saccharomyces cerevisae 5 days and 10 days with six treatments. Both the groups were added with Acetobacter aceti concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% which were fermented for 28 days. This study conducted phytochemical screening, total phenol and flavonoid test, and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the phytochemical test of the vinegar contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and terpenoids. The results of the sensory evaluation or organoleptic test showed that there was no significant difference in the color, acceptability, and Aroma of vinegar in all treatments but there was a significant difference in the taste of vinegar (p<0.05). The preferred vinegar was in the P5 treatment with a neutral taste. This natural vinegar product can be used as a beneficial beverage for public health. Keywords: phytochemical, sensory evaluation, vinegar, Melastoma malabathricum L, mixed fruits and flowers, starter concentration, fermentation time
{"title":"Phytochemical Profile and Sensory Evaluation of Natural Vinegar from Mixed Fruits and Flowers of Melastoma malabathricum L. with Variations of Starter Concentration and Fermentation Time","authors":"S. Safrida, Maim Matualiah, Fitrah Asma Ulhusna, Gholib","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15536","url":null,"abstract":"Melastoma malabathricum L. is a wild plant in Aceh that can be used as a traditional medicine. This research aimes to determine the phytochemical profile and sensory evaluation of the fruit and flower vinegar of Melastoma malabathricum L. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two main groups, Saccharomyces cerevisae 5 days and 10 days with six treatments. Both the groups were added with Acetobacter aceti concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% which were fermented for 28 days. This study conducted phytochemical screening, total phenol and flavonoid test, and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the phytochemical test of the vinegar contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and terpenoids. The results of the sensory evaluation or organoleptic test showed that there was no significant difference in the color, acceptability, and Aroma of vinegar in all treatments but there was a significant difference in the taste of vinegar (p<0.05). The preferred vinegar was in the P5 treatment with a neutral taste. This natural vinegar product can be used as a beneficial beverage for public health. \u0000Keywords: phytochemical, sensory evaluation, vinegar, Melastoma malabathricum L, mixed fruits and flowers, starter concentration, fermentation time","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aas Wasri Hasanah, Adhitya Sumardi Sunarya, S. Viridi
A 1.315 kg stewpan is used to boil 1 kg water using three different type of cooktops, that is, gas, electric, and induction. The power of the electric cooktop is 600 W, a gas cooktop uses the maximum setting (large burner in control knob), and the induction cooktop has maximum power of 1200 W. We have observed two different settings of power: 600 W and 1200 W. In the first setting, we compared induction and electric cooktops, while in the second induction and gas cooktops were compared. We obtained energy efficiency about 67.24% and 56.2% for the first setting and 74.03% and 38.55% for the second, which shows that induction cooktop always gives better performance compared to the other cooktops. Besides this, we also investigated the energy leak from the stewpan to the environment through radiation, which should be the same, since all four observations were using the same container to heat the water. Keywords: energy efficiency, heating water, induction cooktops, container emissivity coefficient
{"title":"Energy Efficiency Comparison in Heating Water Using Gas, Electric, and Induction Cooktops and Determination of Container Emissivity Coefficient","authors":"Aas Wasri Hasanah, Adhitya Sumardi Sunarya, S. Viridi","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15624","url":null,"abstract":"A 1.315 kg stewpan is used to boil 1 kg water using three different type of cooktops, that is, gas, electric, and induction. The power of the electric cooktop is 600 W, a gas cooktop uses the maximum setting (large burner in control knob), and the induction cooktop has maximum power of 1200 W. We have observed two different settings of power: 600 W and 1200 W. In the first setting, we compared induction and electric cooktops, while in the second induction and gas cooktops were compared. We obtained energy efficiency about 67.24% and 56.2% for the first setting and 74.03% and 38.55% for the second, which shows that induction cooktop always gives better performance compared to the other cooktops. Besides this, we also investigated the energy leak from the stewpan to the environment through radiation, which should be the same, since all four observations were using the same container to heat the water. \u0000Keywords: energy efficiency, heating water, induction cooktops, container emissivity coefficient","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"73 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunarwin Ismail, Nurwan, Muhammad Rezky F. Payu, Lailany Yahya, Djihad Wungguli, Asriadi
Max-plus algebra is one of the analysis methods of discrete event systems which has many applications on systems theory and graph theory. Max-plus algebra is a set of real numbers R combined with =-∞ equipped with operations max (⊕) and plus (⊗), can be denoted [(R]_ε,⊕,⊗) with [(R]_ε=R⋃{ε}) . The production process of pia saronde is one of the problems that can be analyzed using max-plus algebra. The production process of this product is sequentially carried out by making skin dough, filling, baking, cooling, and packaging the pia. The max-plus algebra theory was used in this research to determine the optimal time in the production scheduling of pia saronde. Meanwhile, the Invarian Max-plus Linear System (IMLS), max-plus algebraic theory, and the Discrete Event System (DES) were used to solve the production-related problems. IMLS analysis produces eigenvalues that represent the optimum production time. The results obtained the max-plus algebra model of x(k+1)=A x(k), where A =A⊕B⊗C and y=K⊗x_0⊕H⊗u for input-output IMLS analysis. From the matrix A, eigenvalue λ= 226 and eigenvector v=[278 278 278 279 299 302 324 356 488] were obtained. Furthermore, the value of λ describes the pia production schedule at a time span of 226 minutes. Keywords: input-output analysis, pia saronde, scheduling, max-plus linear system
最大加代数是离散事件系统的分析方法之一，在系统论和图论中有许多应用。最大-加代数是一组实数 R 与 =-∞ 结合后所具有的最大（⊕）和加（⊗）运算，可表示为[(R]_ε,⊕,⊗)与[(R]_ε=R⋃{ε})。pia saronde 的生产过程是可以用 max-plus 代数来分析的问题之一。该产品的生产过程依次为制作面皮、馅料、烘烤、冷却和包装。本研究采用了最大加代数理论来确定 pia saronde 生产计划的最佳时间。同时，还使用了因瓦里安最大加线性系统（IMLS）、最大加代数理论和离散事件系统（DES）来解决与生产相关的问题。IMLS 分析得出的特征值代表最佳生产时间。结果得到了最大加代数模型 x(k+1)=A x(k)，其中 A =A⊕B⊗C 和 y=K⊗x_0⊕H⊗u 用于投入产出 IMLS 分析。从矩阵 A 中得到特征值 λ= 226 和特征向量 v=[278 278 278 279 299 302 324 356 488]。此外，λ 值描述了时间跨度为 226 分钟的 pia 生产计划。关键词：投入产出分析；pia saronde；调度；最大加线性系统
{"title":"Input-Output Analysis on Pia Saronde Production Process Scheduling with Invariant Max-Plus Linear System","authors":"Sunarwin Ismail, Nurwan, Muhammad Rezky F. Payu, Lailany Yahya, Djihad Wungguli, Asriadi","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15545","url":null,"abstract":"Max-plus algebra is one of the analysis methods of discrete event systems which has many applications on systems theory and graph theory. Max-plus algebra is a set of real numbers R combined with =-∞ equipped with operations max (⊕) and plus (⊗), can be denoted [(R]_ε,⊕,⊗) with [(R]_ε=R⋃{ε}) . The production process of pia saronde is one of the problems that can be analyzed using max-plus algebra. The production process of this product is sequentially carried out by making skin dough, filling, baking, cooling, and packaging the pia. The max-plus algebra theory was used in this research to determine the optimal time in the production scheduling of pia saronde. Meanwhile, the Invarian Max-plus Linear System (IMLS), max-plus algebraic theory, and the Discrete Event System (DES) were used to solve the production-related problems. IMLS analysis produces eigenvalues that represent the optimum production time. The results obtained the max-plus algebra model of x(k+1)=A x(k), where A =A⊕B⊗C and y=K⊗x_0⊕H⊗u for input-output IMLS analysis. From the matrix A, eigenvalue λ= 226 and eigenvector v=[278 278 278 279 299 302 324 356 488] were obtained. Furthermore, the value of λ describes the pia production schedule at a time span of 226 minutes. \u0000Keywords: input-output analysis, pia saronde, scheduling, max-plus linear system","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the response variable is discrete as a number (count) and there is a violation of the assumption of equidispersion, namely overdispersion or underdispersion then one of the appropriate alternative models used is Negative Binomial Regression (NBR). Moreover, if there are two correlated response variables and have an equidispersion violation, the Bivariate Negative Binomial Regression (BNBR) model is the solution. However, the BNBR model is considered inappropriate if the data contains spatial and temporal heterogeneity derived from panel data with the unit of observation in the form of a region. Therefore, a model is offered which is known as Geographically and Temporally Weighted Bivariate Negative Binomial Regression (GTWBNBR) which accommodates spatial and temporal effects. This study aims to conduct parameter estimates and test statistics for the GTWBNBR model. Estimated parameters use Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) with BHHH numerical iteration because the MLE estimates are not closed-form. When the sample size is large, the Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test (MLRT) is used for simultaneous parameter testing while the test statistic for partial parameter testing approaches the Chi-Square distribution so that it can be tested using the Z-Test. Keywords: parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, GTWBNBR
{"title":"Parameter Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Geographically and Temporally Weighted Bivariate Negative Binomial Regression","authors":"Christin Ningrum, Purhadi, Sutikno","doi":"10.18502/kls.v8i1.15547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v8i1.15547","url":null,"abstract":"When the response variable is discrete as a number (count) and there is a violation of the assumption of equidispersion, namely overdispersion or underdispersion then one of the appropriate alternative models used is Negative Binomial Regression (NBR). Moreover, if there are two correlated response variables and have an equidispersion violation, the Bivariate Negative Binomial Regression (BNBR) model is the solution. However, the BNBR model is considered inappropriate if the data contains spatial and temporal heterogeneity derived from panel data with the unit of observation in the form of a region. Therefore, a model is offered which is known as Geographically and Temporally Weighted Bivariate Negative Binomial Regression (GTWBNBR) which accommodates spatial and temporal effects. This study aims to conduct parameter estimates and test statistics for the GTWBNBR model. Estimated parameters use Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) with BHHH numerical iteration because the MLE estimates are not closed-form. When the sample size is large, the Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test (MLRT) is used for simultaneous parameter testing while the test statistic for partial parameter testing approaches the Chi-Square distribution so that it can be tested using the Z-Test. \u0000Keywords: parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, GTWBNBR","PeriodicalId":17898,"journal":{"name":"KnE Life Sciences","volume":"13 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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