The concept of aerosol refers to the combination of microscopic solid or liquid particles present in the atmosphere along with a mixture of gases. These particles are suspended in the air at different sizes and are evaluated based on their ability to scatter or absorb light, which is quantified through a measurement known as aerosol optical depth. These particles' quantities are determined using specialized devices, commonly referred to as "aerosol optical depth meters" or "optical thickness meters." Additionally, through remote sensing technology, aerosol optical depth can also be measured via satellites. In this study, aerosol optical depth has been examined temporally and spatially in the Karabük province for 2022. For this aim, data from National Air Quality Monitoring Stations (NAQMS) situated nationwide was employed, along with MODIS satellite images. Data from five stations in Karabük province, namely Kardemir1, Kardemir2, Tören Alanı, 75.yıl, and Safranbolu, were used for temporal analysis, while satellite imagery was used for spatial analysis. The relationship between aerosol optical depths derived from MODIS satellite data using green and blue band information and station data was investigated. As a result, a 99% positive correlation was found between the two bands obtained from the MODIS satellite, and a significant correlation was observed between ground-based particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5) and particulate matter 10 (PM10) data. Data from the Tören Alanı station, which had a higher amount of data (357 days) compared to other stations, was used to determine this correlation. It was found that there was an 86.35% positive correlation among particulate matters. A moderate correlation was also identified between ground-based data and aerosol optical depth obtained from satellite imagery.
气溶胶的概念是指存在于大气中的微小固体或液体颗粒与气体混合物的组合。这些颗粒以不同的大小悬浮在空气中，并根据其散射或吸收光线的能力进行评估，这种能力通过一种称为气溶胶光学深度的测量方法进行量化。这些颗粒的数量是通过专门的设备（通常称为 "气溶胶光学深度计 "或 "光学厚度计"）来确定的。此外，通过遥感技术，还可以通过卫星测量气溶胶光学深度。本研究对卡拉比克省 2022 年的气溶胶光学深度进行了时间和空间研究。为此，研究人员采用了来自全国各地国家空气质量监测站（NAQMS）的数据以及 MODIS 卫星图像。时间分析采用卡拉比克省五个监测站的数据，即卡德米尔1站、卡德米尔2站、托伦阿兰站、75.耶尔站和萨夫兰博卢站，空间分析采用卫星图像。研究了利用绿色和蓝色波段信息从 MODIS 卫星数据中得出的气溶胶光学深度与观测站数据之间的关系。结果发现，从 MODIS 卫星获得的两个波段之间存在 99% 的正相关性，地面颗粒物 2.5（PM2.5）和颗粒物 10（PM10）数据之间存在显著相关性。特伦阿兰站的数据量（357 天）高于其他站点，该站的数据被用于确定这种相关性。结果发现，颗粒物之间存在 86.35% 的正相关性。地面数据与卫星图像获得的气溶胶光学深度之间也存在一定的相关性。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH OVER KARABUK USING MODIS","authors":"Duygu Arikan, Ferruh Yildiz","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1333625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1333625","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of aerosol refers to the combination of microscopic solid or liquid particles present in the atmosphere along with a mixture of gases. These particles are suspended in the air at different sizes and are evaluated based on their ability to scatter or absorb light, which is quantified through a measurement known as aerosol optical depth. These particles' quantities are determined using specialized devices, commonly referred to as \"aerosol optical depth meters\" or \"optical thickness meters.\" Additionally, through remote sensing technology, aerosol optical depth can also be measured via satellites. In this study, aerosol optical depth has been examined temporally and spatially in the Karabük province for 2022. For this aim, data from National Air Quality Monitoring Stations (NAQMS) situated nationwide was employed, along with MODIS satellite images. Data from five stations in Karabük province, namely Kardemir1, Kardemir2, Tören Alanı, 75.yıl, and Safranbolu, were used for temporal analysis, while satellite imagery was used for spatial analysis. The relationship between aerosol optical depths derived from MODIS satellite data using green and blue band information and station data was investigated. As a result, a 99% positive correlation was found between the two bands obtained from the MODIS satellite, and a significant correlation was observed between ground-based particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5) and particulate matter 10 (PM10) data. Data from the Tören Alanı station, which had a higher amount of data (357 days) compared to other stations, was used to determine this correlation. It was found that there was an 86.35% positive correlation among particulate matters. A moderate correlation was also identified between ground-based data and aerosol optical depth obtained from satellite imagery.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139336760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reducing financial costs as much as possible through the effective and efficient use of parking areas is an important issue for sustainable urban planning. This can be achieved by optimizing the placement of angles of parking-lots. In this study, to determine the optimum parking angles for rectangular-shaped parking areas, a Particle Swarm Optimization-based model that aims to maximize the capacity of parking areas is developed. In the scope of the study, firstly, 324 parking area scenarios which have different dimensions from each other are created for testing the effectiveness of the model developed. Each scenario is separately analyzed by considering the optimization-based model and fixed-parking angles (0o, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o) used in parking area planning. In the last step, parking area capacities obtained by applying different parking angles for each scenario and the total parking capacities for all scenarios are compared in detail. Results show that the capacities of parking areas can be increased up to approximately 50% with the model created. Besides, in contrast to existing literature, the findings of this study have proven that the optimum parking angle directly depends on the topology of the land. The model developed can be applied to all rectangular-shaped parking areas to achieve better urban planning.
{"title":"DETERMINING THE OPTIMUM PARKING ANGLES FOR VARIOUS RECTANGULAR-SHAPED PARKING AREAS: A PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION-BASED MODEL","authors":"Ziya Çakici, A. T. Şensoy","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1293799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1293799","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing financial costs as much as possible through the effective and efficient use of parking areas is an important issue for sustainable urban planning. This can be achieved by optimizing the placement of angles of parking-lots. In this study, to determine the optimum parking angles for rectangular-shaped parking areas, a Particle Swarm Optimization-based model that aims to maximize the capacity of parking areas is developed. In the scope of the study, firstly, 324 parking area scenarios which have different dimensions from each other are created for testing the effectiveness of the model developed. Each scenario is separately analyzed by considering the optimization-based model and fixed-parking angles (0o, 30o, 45o, 60o and 90o) used in parking area planning. In the last step, parking area capacities obtained by applying different parking angles for each scenario and the total parking capacities for all scenarios are compared in detail. Results show that the capacities of parking areas can be increased up to approximately 50% with the model created. Besides, in contrast to existing literature, the findings of this study have proven that the optimum parking angle directly depends on the topology of the land. The model developed can be applied to all rectangular-shaped parking areas to achieve better urban planning.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139337992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathematical modeling aims to simplify the complex process of drug release and to gain knowledge about the release mechanisms specific to a given material system. Consequently, a mathematical model focuses primarily on one or two important factors. Drug release aims to maximize the bioactivity of both naturally derived and synthetically derived macromolecules, thus increasing their clinical applicability and improving the overall quality of life. This study focused on fabricating PLA composites with different weight percentages of Bacitracin Zinc (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) and evaluating their potential as a drug delivery system. To understand the release mechanism of Bacitracin Zinc from the PLA composites, we developed a Franz diffusion kinetic model and a mathematical model for cumulative release kinetics. The Franz diffusion model was utilized to analyze the release behavior of the PLA/Bacitracin Zinc composite structure. The results indicated a sustained release rate, following a Zero Order release kinetics pattern. Furthermore, the shelf life of the composite structure was determined to be 125 days. Python programming was employed to model the release behavior and estimate the shelf life of Bacitracin Zinc (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) incorporated into the PLA matrix to compare different weight percentages' behavior and shelf life.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELEASE KINETICS BEHAVIOR MODELS AND SHELF LIFE ASSESSMENT OF BACITRACIN ZINC-LOADED PLA COMPOSITES","authors":"A. Özarslan, Fatih Ciftci","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1328688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1328688","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling aims to simplify the complex process of drug release and to gain knowledge about the release mechanisms specific to a given material system. Consequently, a mathematical model focuses primarily on one or two important factors. Drug release aims to maximize the bioactivity of both naturally derived and synthetically derived macromolecules, thus increasing their clinical applicability and improving the overall quality of life. This study focused on fabricating PLA composites with different weight percentages of Bacitracin Zinc (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) and evaluating their potential as a drug delivery system. To understand the release mechanism of Bacitracin Zinc from the PLA composites, we developed a Franz diffusion kinetic model and a mathematical model for cumulative release kinetics. The Franz diffusion model was utilized to analyze the release behavior of the PLA/Bacitracin Zinc composite structure. The results indicated a sustained release rate, following a Zero Order release kinetics pattern. Furthermore, the shelf life of the composite structure was determined to be 125 days. Python programming was employed to model the release behavior and estimate the shelf life of Bacitracin Zinc (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) incorporated into the PLA matrix to compare different weight percentages' behavior and shelf life.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used engineering materials in aerospace technologies. These electrically conductive carbon-based materials, due to the lightness advantages, are preferred as shields against electromagnetic radiation, especially in aircraft and satellites. However, the performance losses caused by damage because of flying object collision such as bird, hail, or projectile contain significant uncertainty. Herein, the CFRP composite material was structurally damaged by low velocity impact test set-up at various energy levels between 2.5 to 10 joules, and then its electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance was investigated. In addition, the electrical properties of the material were also examined, and the occurred damage status was evaluated by microscopy studies. Intrinsically, the increase in impact energy increases the grade of damage on body of the material. This results in a drastic decrease in electrical conductivity and EMI performance. In experiments, where 5 joule energy is detected as a threshold level, it has been observed that irreparable damage occurs at energy levels above this value.
{"title":"EFFECT OF LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT DAMAGE ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING EFFECTIVENESS OF CFRP COMPOSITES","authors":"Ferhat Yıldırım","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1302313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1302313","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used engineering materials in aerospace technologies. These electrically conductive carbon-based materials, due to the lightness advantages, are preferred as shields against electromagnetic radiation, especially in aircraft and satellites. However, the performance losses caused by damage because of flying object collision such as bird, hail, or projectile contain significant uncertainty. Herein, the CFRP composite material was structurally damaged by low velocity impact test set-up at various energy levels between 2.5 to 10 joules, and then its electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance was investigated. In addition, the electrical properties of the material were also examined, and the occurred damage status was evaluated by microscopy studies. Intrinsically, the increase in impact energy increases the grade of damage on body of the material. This results in a drastic decrease in electrical conductivity and EMI performance. In experiments, where 5 joule energy is detected as a threshold level, it has been observed that irreparable damage occurs at energy levels above this value.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filter sludge (FS) is a waste material that occurs during sugar production in the sugar industry, and since it is not used anywhere, it creates a problem due to storage costs and environmental damage. In the present study, high plasticity clay was stabilized with a filter sludge which has never been used for soil stabilization in field cases. The changes in the geotechnical properties of a high plasticity clay (CH) with the additive of filter sludge (FS) were investigated. The amount of FS mixed into CH soil is 3-6-9-12-15% by dry weight of the soil. Changes in geotechnical properties such as consistency limits, compaction parameters, strength, swelling potential, CBR value of improved soils were determined. The plastic limit and optimum water content increase as the FS content added to the soil increases; liquid limit, plasticity index, and maximum dry density decrease. Improved soil strength increases as the curing time and FS amount increase, and the highest strength was obtained with 15% of FS. At the optimum additive ratio, the unconfined compressive strength increases by 33%. The swelling percentage of CH clay decreases from 42.5% to 20%. According to the wet CBR test results, the bearing capacity of the improved soil increased from %1.1 to %4.4. As a result of this study, it was seen that the FS waste material improved the geotechnical properties of the soil.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF HIGH PLASTICITY CLAY BY USING FILTER SLUDGE","authors":"İlyas Özkan, Y. Yenginar","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1311189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1311189","url":null,"abstract":"Filter sludge (FS) is a waste material that occurs during sugar production in the sugar industry, and since it is not used anywhere, it creates a problem due to storage costs and environmental damage. In the present study, high plasticity clay was stabilized with a filter sludge which has never been used for soil stabilization in field cases. The changes in the geotechnical properties of a high plasticity clay (CH) with the additive of filter sludge (FS) were investigated. The amount of FS mixed into CH soil is 3-6-9-12-15% by dry weight of the soil. Changes in geotechnical properties such as consistency limits, compaction parameters, strength, swelling potential, CBR value of improved soils were determined. The plastic limit and optimum water content increase as the FS content added to the soil increases; liquid limit, plasticity index, and maximum dry density decrease. Improved soil strength increases as the curing time and FS amount increase, and the highest strength was obtained with 15% of FS. At the optimum additive ratio, the unconfined compressive strength increases by 33%. The swelling percentage of CH clay decreases from 42.5% to 20%. According to the wet CBR test results, the bearing capacity of the improved soil increased from %1.1 to %4.4. As a result of this study, it was seen that the FS waste material improved the geotechnical properties of the soil.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139350780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Çevrimiçi market alışverişi hizmeti sağlayan firmaların ürün satışlarını arttırmak ve yeni müşteriler elde etmek amacıyla hayata geçirdikleri birçok kampanyanın başarıya ulaşamadığı görülmektedir. Çevrimiçi alışverişte ürün satışlarının artmasını ve kampanyaların başarılı olmasını amaçlayarak, çevrimiçi market üzerinden alışveriş yapan 394 kullanıcıya ait çeşitli veriler anket aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada, sık kullanılan makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile modelleme yapılarak çevrimiçi market kullanıcılarının kişisel bakım kategorisinden alışveriş yapma eğilimlerinin öngörülmesini sağlayan bir model ortaya konulmuştur. Karar Ağaçları, K-En Yakın Komşu, Gradyan Arttırılmış Ağaçlar, Rastgele Orman ve Lojistik Regresyon yöntemleri modelleme için kullanılmıştır. Son olarak da ortaya çıkan eğri altında kalan alan (EAKA-AUC), geri çağırma (recall), f1-skor (f1-score) değerleri üzerinden yöntemlerin performans karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek performans 0.928 doğruluk oranı ve 0.92 AUC değerleri ile rastgele orman yöntemi ile elde edilirken; Gradyan Arttırılmış Ağaçlar yöntemi uygulanan model ise 0.704 doğruluk oranı ve 0.70 AUC değeri ile en düşük performansa ulaşmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, özellikleri "43-47 yaş altı, günlük internet kullanımı fazla, kapıda kredi kartı ile ödeme tercihi yapmayan" kullanıcıların kişisel bakım kategorisinden alışveriş yapmayı tercih ettikleri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, şirketlerin çalışmada ortaya konan model ile hedef müşteri kitlelerini daha iyi belirlemelerine olanak sağlanacağı ve bu sayede yapılan gereksiz yatırımların önüne geçilebileceği öngörülmektedir.
{"title":"DEMOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİN ÇEVRİMİÇİ MARKET ALIŞVERİŞİ KULLANIMINA ETKİSİNİN MAKİNE ÖĞRENMESİ YÖNTEMLERİ İLE TAHMİNİ","authors":"Burak Bahçivan, Atınç Yilmaz","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1142886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1142886","url":null,"abstract":"Çevrimiçi market alışverişi hizmeti sağlayan firmaların ürün satışlarını arttırmak ve yeni müşteriler elde etmek amacıyla hayata geçirdikleri birçok kampanyanın başarıya ulaşamadığı görülmektedir. Çevrimiçi alışverişte ürün satışlarının artmasını ve kampanyaların başarılı olmasını amaçlayarak, çevrimiçi market üzerinden alışveriş yapan 394 kullanıcıya ait çeşitli veriler anket aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada, sık kullanılan makine öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile modelleme yapılarak çevrimiçi market kullanıcılarının kişisel bakım kategorisinden alışveriş yapma eğilimlerinin öngörülmesini sağlayan bir model ortaya konulmuştur. Karar Ağaçları, K-En Yakın Komşu, Gradyan Arttırılmış Ağaçlar, Rastgele Orman ve Lojistik Regresyon yöntemleri modelleme için kullanılmıştır. Son olarak da ortaya çıkan eğri altında kalan alan (EAKA-AUC), geri çağırma (recall), f1-skor (f1-score) değerleri üzerinden yöntemlerin performans karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek performans 0.928 doğruluk oranı ve 0.92 AUC değerleri ile rastgele orman yöntemi ile elde edilirken; Gradyan Arttırılmış Ağaçlar yöntemi uygulanan model ise 0.704 doğruluk oranı ve 0.70 AUC değeri ile en düşük performansa ulaşmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgulara göre, özellikleri \"43-47 yaş altı, günlük internet kullanımı fazla, kapıda kredi kartı ile ödeme tercihi yapmayan\" kullanıcıların kişisel bakım kategorisinden alışveriş yapmayı tercih ettikleri analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, şirketlerin çalışmada ortaya konan model ile hedef müşteri kitlelerini daha iyi belirlemelerine olanak sağlanacağı ve bu sayede yapılan gereksiz yatırımların önüne geçilebileceği öngörülmektedir.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışmada Himmetdede ocaklarında kullanılan delici makineler ile delgi işlemi yapılmıştır. Delici uçlarının özelliklerine göre 3 farklı bit tipi kullanılmıştır. Button ve yari balistik olarak adlandırılan bu delici uç tiplerinin işletme sahasında verimliliği kıyaslanması yapılmıştır. Delik delme verimlerinde gerçekleşen değişimlerin incelenmesi amacıyla arazide delik delme süreleri ölçülmüş ve buna bağlı olarak her bir delici ucun delme hızları (PR) hesaplanmış ve delik delme işlemi sonucunda açığa çıkan kırıntılardan temsili örnekler alınarak laboratuarda elek serisi ile sınıflandırılarak her bir delik için pasa irilik katsayıları (PİK) hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bütün veriler birlikte değerlendirilerek farklı delici uç tipleri için delme verimlerinde gerçekleşen değişimlerin incelenmesi ile söz konusu granitoid ocaklarında gerçekleştirilen delme işlemi için uygun uç tipi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
{"title":"DÖNER DARBELİ DELİK DELME PERFORMANS ANALİZİ ve UYGUN UÇ SEÇİMİ: KAYSERİ HİMMETDEDE OCAĞI ÖRNEĞİ","authors":"Mehmet Osmanoğlu","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1185508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1185508","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada Himmetdede ocaklarında kullanılan delici makineler ile delgi işlemi yapılmıştır. Delici uçlarının özelliklerine göre 3 farklı bit tipi kullanılmıştır. Button ve yari balistik olarak adlandırılan bu delici uç tiplerinin işletme sahasında verimliliği kıyaslanması yapılmıştır. Delik delme verimlerinde gerçekleşen değişimlerin incelenmesi amacıyla arazide delik delme süreleri ölçülmüş ve buna bağlı olarak her bir delici ucun delme hızları (PR) hesaplanmış ve delik delme işlemi sonucunda açığa çıkan kırıntılardan temsili örnekler alınarak laboratuarda elek serisi ile sınıflandırılarak her bir delik için pasa irilik katsayıları (PİK) hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bütün veriler birlikte değerlendirilerek farklı delici uç tipleri için delme verimlerinde gerçekleşen değişimlerin incelenmesi ile söz konusu granitoid ocaklarında gerçekleştirilen delme işlemi için uygun uç tipi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quaternary sediments have characteristics that distinguish them from older soils. In engineering practice, these sediments are of particular interest to engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers because many engineering constructions have to be founded on, or in, them. This paper describes a method for rapidly estimating selected geotechnical properties of some Quaternary soil from the Mesopotamian Plain using statistical correlation equations. The paper explored an expedient statistical method to estimate some geotechnical properties (including total and dry unit weights, void ratio, porosity, Atterberg limits, and compression index) rapidly without running time-consuming and expensive laboratory tests. It was found that the selected properties showed a relatively moderate to high correlation with independent properties. Both the unit weight and void ratio depicted a high correlation with initial water content. while a moderate correlation existed between compression index and initial water content. Also, the plasticity index has a strong correlation with liquid limit values. The results of this study accord an additional usage as facultative engineering tools for geotechnical engineers to utilize for any preliminary engineering design.
{"title":"STATISTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SELECTED GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF QUATERNARY SEDIMENT","authors":"Abbas J. Al-Taie","doi":"10.36306/konjes.891806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.891806","url":null,"abstract":"Quaternary sediments have characteristics that distinguish them from older soils. In engineering practice, these sediments are of particular interest to engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers because many engineering constructions have to be founded on, or in, them. This paper describes a method for rapidly estimating selected geotechnical properties of some Quaternary soil from the Mesopotamian Plain using statistical correlation equations. The paper explored an expedient statistical method to estimate some geotechnical properties (including total and dry unit weights, void ratio, porosity, Atterberg limits, and compression index) rapidly without running time-consuming and expensive laboratory tests. It was found that the selected properties showed a relatively moderate to high correlation with independent properties. Both the unit weight and void ratio depicted a high correlation with initial water content. while a moderate correlation existed between compression index and initial water content. Also, the plasticity index has a strong correlation with liquid limit values. The results of this study accord an additional usage as facultative engineering tools for geotechnical engineers to utilize for any preliminary engineering design.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139351575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burcu Karakuzu Ikizler, Pınar Terzioğlu, Tülay Merve TEMEL SOYLU, S. Yücel
The silica-calcium-magnesium ternary aerogels were prepared by a solvent exchange method and a subsequent ambient pressure drying process. The effect of process parameters such as feeding rate (9-70 mL.min-1) and molar ratio (Si/(Ca:Mg) = 1:1 - 3:1) on the material characteristics including density, elemental content, surface area, pore size, pore volume, and morphology of powders were investigated. Aerogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett–Joiner–Halenda (BJH) and tapping density analysis. It was found that the molar ratio of Si/(Ca:Mg) could remarkably affect the surface area and density of aerogels, while the feeding rate had slight effect. The resultant aerogels exhibited high specific surface areas. The results showed that the aerogel has a Si/(Ca:3Mg) molar composition obtained with 9 mL.min-1 had the highest surface area (524 m2.g−1). The increase of Ca to Mg molar ratio caused a decrease in the surface area and density of samples. The resultant aerogels are promising candidates as adsorbents to remove various contaminants.
{"title":"FABRICATION OF TERNARY SILICA-CALCIUM-MAGNESIUM AEROGELS: EFFECT OF FEEDING RATE AND MOLAR RATIO ON PROPERTIES","authors":"Burcu Karakuzu Ikizler, Pınar Terzioğlu, Tülay Merve TEMEL SOYLU, S. Yücel","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1260218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1260218","url":null,"abstract":"The silica-calcium-magnesium ternary aerogels were prepared by a solvent exchange method and a subsequent ambient pressure drying process. The effect of process parameters such as feeding rate (9-70 mL.min-1) and molar ratio (Si/(Ca:Mg) = 1:1 - 3:1) on the material characteristics including density, elemental content, surface area, pore size, pore volume, and morphology of powders were investigated. Aerogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett–Joiner–Halenda (BJH) and tapping density analysis. It was found that the molar ratio of Si/(Ca:Mg) could remarkably affect the surface area and density of aerogels, while the feeding rate had slight effect. The resultant aerogels exhibited high specific surface areas. The results showed that the aerogel has a Si/(Ca:3Mg) molar composition obtained with 9 mL.min-1 had the highest surface area (524 m2.g−1). The increase of Ca to Mg molar ratio caused a decrease in the surface area and density of samples. The resultant aerogels are promising candidates as adsorbents to remove various contaminants.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139352768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, Cu-Ni coated SiC composite samples were produced by electric current assisted sintering (ECAS) method by adding electroless nickel coated SiC powders to copper powders produced by cementation method at the ratios of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt%. The relative densities of the produced samples were measured by Archimedes’ principle, their microstructures were examined by SEM-EDS, dominant phases were determined by XRD technique; microhardness and electrical conductivity measurements were made. The relative density of undoped copper was determined as 99.42% and the relative density value of Cu-Ni SiC composite samples decreased to 98.35% at most with increasing SiC ratio. The hardness values of Cu-Ni SiC composite samples increased from 120HV to 145HV with the addition of SiC; electrical conductivity values decreased from 90.41 IACS (International annealed copper standard) to 58.56 IACS.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT of Cu MATRIX COMPOSITE CONTACTORS REINFORCED by NICKEL COATED SiC","authors":"Cemalettin Arvas, İ. Altinsoy, T. Yener, G. Efe","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1255596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1255596","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Cu-Ni coated SiC composite samples were produced by electric current assisted sintering (ECAS) method by adding electroless nickel coated SiC powders to copper powders produced by cementation method at the ratios of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt%. The relative densities of the produced samples were measured by Archimedes’ principle, their microstructures were examined by SEM-EDS, dominant phases were determined by XRD technique; microhardness and electrical conductivity measurements were made. The relative density of undoped copper was determined as 99.42% and the relative density value of Cu-Ni SiC composite samples decreased to 98.35% at most with increasing SiC ratio. The hardness values of Cu-Ni SiC composite samples increased from 120HV to 145HV with the addition of SiC; electrical conductivity values decreased from 90.41 IACS (International annealed copper standard) to 58.56 IACS.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"367 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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