This study focused on acrylamide/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone chemically cross-linked hydrogel composites. As fillers, sepiolite and alkyl ammonium salt modified sepiolite were used in the preparation of the hydrogel composites. Characterization of the hydrogel composites was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Swelling of the hydrogel composites as a function of time was investigated with tea-bag method. Reswelling ability of the hydrogel composites was revealed after the three cycles. In the third swelling test, the swelling percentage of the NVP hydrogel was about 1690%. The swelling percentage of the NVP+MSP hydrogel composite increased from approximately 1610% to 1760% after the three repeated swelling tests. The hydrogel composite including modified sepiolite showed higher equilibrium water content (EWC) in the distilled water and at different pHs compared to other samples. The highest EWC value was obtained for the hydrogel composite including modified sepiolite (0.9637) in alkali conditions. Water diffusion mechanism of the hydrogel composites was examined based on the Fickian diffusion index (n). n values of the hydrogel composites were lower than 0.5 which is indication of water diffusion governed by less Fickian diffusion mechanism. The results showed that hydrogel composites can be used in various applications required the reswelling ability and high EWC value.
研究了丙烯酰胺/ n -乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮交联水凝胶复合材料。采用海泡石和烷基铵盐改性海泡石作为填料制备水凝胶复合材料。采用x射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对水凝胶复合材料进行表征。用茶包法研究了水凝胶复合材料的溶胀随时间的变化。三次循环后，水凝胶复合材料的溶胀能力得到了体现。在第三次溶胀试验中，NVP水凝胶溶胀率约为1690%。经过三次重复的溶胀试验，NVP+MSP水凝胶复合材料的溶胀率从大约1610%增加到1760%。与其他样品相比，含改性海泡石的水凝胶复合材料在蒸馏水和不同ph值下的平衡含水量(EWC)更高。含改性海泡石的水凝胶复合材料在碱性条件下EWC值最高(0.9637)。利用菲克氏扩散指数(n)考察了水凝胶复合材料的水扩散机制，结果表明，n值均小于0.5，表明水凝胶复合材料的水扩散受较少的菲克氏扩散机制支配。结果表明，水凝胶复合材料可用于各种需要溶胀能力和高EWC值的应用。
{"title":"DETERMINATION OF RESWELLING PROPERTIES AND WATER DIFFUSION MECHANISM OF HYDROGEL COMPOSITES","authors":"Mehmet Yurttadur, Gülcihan GÜZEL KAYA, H. Deveci","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1260903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1260903","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on acrylamide/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone chemically cross-linked hydrogel composites. As fillers, sepiolite and alkyl ammonium salt modified sepiolite were used in the preparation of the hydrogel composites. Characterization of the hydrogel composites was carried out with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Swelling of the hydrogel composites as a function of time was investigated with tea-bag method. Reswelling ability of the hydrogel composites was revealed after the three cycles. In the third swelling test, the swelling percentage of the NVP hydrogel was about 1690%. The swelling percentage of the NVP+MSP hydrogel composite increased from approximately 1610% to 1760% after the three repeated swelling tests. The hydrogel composite including modified sepiolite showed higher equilibrium water content (EWC) in the distilled water and at different pHs compared to other samples. The highest EWC value was obtained for the hydrogel composite including modified sepiolite (0.9637) in alkali conditions. Water diffusion mechanism of the hydrogel composites was examined based on the Fickian diffusion index (n). n values of the hydrogel composites were lower than 0.5 which is indication of water diffusion governed by less Fickian diffusion mechanism. The results showed that hydrogel composites can be used in various applications required the reswelling ability and high EWC value.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74597369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Toroslar’daki allokton tektono-stratigrafik birimlerden biri olan Hadim Napı Orta(?)-Üst Devoniyen-Üst Kretase sığ platform karbonatları ve kırıntılı kayaçlardan oluşan kesintisiz bir istife sahiptir. Hadim Napı’nın iyi yüzeylendiği Bademli stratigrafik kesiti alt-orta Vizeyen istifinin mikrofasiyes incelemeleri sonucunda İç Platform Kıyı, Sınırlı ve/veya Açık Deniz depolanma ortamlarını yansıtan yedi mikrofasiyes tanımlanmıştır. Bunlar; Biyoklastik Tanetaşı, Biyoklastik Tanetaşı-İstiftaşı, Kumlu Biyoklastik Tanetaşı, Kumlu Biyoklastik Tanetaşı-İstiftaşı, Biyoklastik Pelloidal Tanetaşı, Biyoklastik Vaketaşı ve Kumtaşı mikrofasiyesleridir. Tanımlanan mikrofasiyeslerin yapılan biyofasiyes incelemelerine göre genel olarak zengin bir çeşitlilik ve bolluk sunan foraminifer faunasına sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak stabil bir depolanma ortamını işaret eden alt-orta Vizeyen karbonatlarındaki foraminifer faunasının depolanma ortamındaki ufak değişimlerden olumsuz olarak etkilendiği görülmektedir.
{"title":"Microfacies and Biofacies Properties of the Lower-Middle Visean Succession of Hadim Nappe (Central Taurides, Southern TÜRKİYE)","authors":"Melikan Akbaş","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1211857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1211857","url":null,"abstract":"Toroslar’daki allokton tektono-stratigrafik birimlerden biri olan Hadim Napı Orta(?)-Üst Devoniyen-Üst Kretase sığ platform karbonatları ve kırıntılı kayaçlardan oluşan kesintisiz bir istife sahiptir. Hadim Napı’nın iyi yüzeylendiği Bademli stratigrafik kesiti alt-orta Vizeyen istifinin mikrofasiyes incelemeleri sonucunda İç Platform Kıyı, Sınırlı ve/veya Açık Deniz depolanma ortamlarını yansıtan yedi mikrofasiyes tanımlanmıştır. Bunlar; Biyoklastik Tanetaşı, Biyoklastik Tanetaşı-İstiftaşı, Kumlu Biyoklastik Tanetaşı, Kumlu Biyoklastik Tanetaşı-İstiftaşı, Biyoklastik Pelloidal Tanetaşı, Biyoklastik Vaketaşı ve Kumtaşı mikrofasiyesleridir. Tanımlanan mikrofasiyeslerin yapılan biyofasiyes incelemelerine göre genel olarak zengin bir çeşitlilik ve bolluk sunan foraminifer faunasına sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Genel olarak stabil bir depolanma ortamını işaret eden alt-orta Vizeyen karbonatlarındaki foraminifer faunasının depolanma ortamındaki ufak değişimlerden olumsuz olarak etkilendiği görülmektedir.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85974333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Ni-based alloys having a high density of nano-oxides (NOs) (<10 nm) are considered to be good candidates for extreme environments, such as high temperature, radiation, and corrosion. In this study, ODS IN718 alloys have been produced using conventional powder metallurgy (PM) and novel selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing. The effect of processing routes on the microstructure, in particular on the nano-oxide formation and structure has been investigated. It has been found that the powder metallurgy method that consists of compressing followed by sintering at 1250 and 1500 °C results in a nano-granular structure with homogenously distributed fine nano-oxides having a high number density. Similarly, SLM results in a high number density of fine nano-oxides; however, the particles exist in groups with the grains/cells. The nano-oxides are determined to be Y2Ti2O7, Y2TiO5 or YTiO3 and Y-Al-O. The deviation in the lattice parameters of Y2Ti2O7 infers the existence of some Al in the structure. This study sheds light on producing ODS IN718 alloys with high-density nano-oxides using powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing methods.
{"title":"PRODUCTION OF OXIDE DISPERSION STRENGTHENED INCONEL 718 ALLOYS USING CONVENTIONAL POWDER METALLURGY AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING METHODS","authors":"Eda AYDOĞAN GÜNGÖR","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1254946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1254946","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) Ni-based alloys having a high density of nano-oxides (NOs) (<10 nm) are considered to be good candidates for extreme environments, such as high temperature, radiation, and corrosion. In this study, ODS IN718 alloys have been produced using conventional powder metallurgy (PM) and novel selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing. The effect of processing routes on the microstructure, in particular on the nano-oxide formation and structure has been investigated. It has been found that the powder metallurgy method that consists of compressing followed by sintering at 1250 and 1500 °C results in a nano-granular structure with homogenously distributed fine nano-oxides having a high number density. Similarly, SLM results in a high number density of fine nano-oxides; however, the particles exist in groups with the grains/cells. The nano-oxides are determined to be Y2Ti2O7, Y2TiO5 or YTiO3 and Y-Al-O. The deviation in the lattice parameters of Y2Ti2O7 infers the existence of some Al in the structure. This study sheds light on producing ODS IN718 alloys with high-density nano-oxides using powder metallurgy and additive manufacturing methods.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85514084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food packaging is a passive barrier that protects food against environmental factors such as ultraviolet light, oxygen, water vapor, pressure, heat, chemical, and microbiological contaminants. In a changing and developing world, consumers now want to reach healthier, fresher, and more diverse foods. In response to consumer demands and expectations, the food sector has focused on developing active and intelligent packaging. The purpose of active packaging is to protect the properties of the food by interacting with the coating material and prolonging the shelf life. In this context, it is aimed to prepare active package films by integrating bioactive agents into films prepared based on biodegradable polymers. It is an important point that is determined how the characteristics of the films such as morphology, molecular structure, surface property, and antimicrobial activity, will shift depending on the type and quantity of bioactive agent addition. Based on this, packaging films loaded with different concentrations of orange peel essential oil (OEO) (25, 50 and 100% of total polymer weight) were produced on the basis of chitosan and gelatin natural polymers. The changes that occur in the active films as a result of the increasing amounts of oil were revealed by determining the molecular structure, surface property, morphological characteristics, solubility quality, and antibacterial activity. The solubility of the films, which is an effective parameter in the evaluation of the environmental impact of the films that will be released as waste after use, varied between 20% and 25% at the end of 48 hours. The 100OEO@CH:GEL film showed the highest antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ORANGE PEEL ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN: GELATIN CASTED FILMS PREPARED FOR ACTIVE PACKAGING","authors":"Fatma Demir, G. Gökşen, Didem DEMİR KARAKUŞ","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1225056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1225056","url":null,"abstract":"Food packaging is a passive barrier that protects food against environmental factors such as ultraviolet light, oxygen, water vapor, pressure, heat, chemical, and microbiological contaminants. In a changing and developing world, consumers now want to reach healthier, fresher, and more diverse foods. In response to consumer demands and expectations, the food sector has focused on developing active and intelligent packaging. The purpose of active packaging is to protect the properties of the food by interacting with the coating material and prolonging the shelf life. In this context, it is aimed to prepare active package films by integrating bioactive agents into films prepared based on biodegradable polymers. It is an important point that is determined how the characteristics of the films such as morphology, molecular structure, surface property, and antimicrobial activity, will shift depending on the type and quantity of bioactive agent addition. Based on this, packaging films loaded with different concentrations of orange peel essential oil (OEO) (25, 50 and 100% of total polymer weight) were produced on the basis of chitosan and gelatin natural polymers. The changes that occur in the active films as a result of the increasing amounts of oil were revealed by determining the molecular structure, surface property, morphological characteristics, solubility quality, and antibacterial activity. The solubility of the films, which is an effective parameter in the evaluation of the environmental impact of the films that will be released as waste after use, varied between 20% and 25% at the end of 48 hours. The 100OEO@CH:GEL film showed the highest antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85884553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sermet Öğütcü, S. Alcay, H. Duman, Behlül Numan Özdemi̇r, Ülkünur Koray
Thanks to the rapidly emerging low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receivers, a feasible alternative for geodetic-grade GNSS receivers became available for some GNSS applications. In this study, the performance of data integrity and quality of a low-cost ZED-F9P u-blox GNSS receiver was investigated by comparing it with a geodetic-grade GNSS receiver. Availability of the epoch and phase/code signal channels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), code multipath, and cycle slips were analyzed for the geodetic-grade and low-cost ZED-F9P u-blox GNSS receivers. One month’s data of GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo constellations were analysed using the RINEX files of the receivers. The results showed that the epoch availability of the geodetic-grade and u-blox GNSS receiver is comparable to each other, while the availability of phase/code signal channels of the geodetic-grade receiver is higher than the u-blox receiver. In terms of data quality, SNR values from both receivers are comparable, while the multipath level of the u-blox GNSS receiver is significantly higher than the geodetic-grade one. The results also showed that the number of cycle slips of the u-blox receiver is significantly higher than the geodetic-one.
{"title":"DATA INTEGRITY AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF LOW COST ZED-F9P U-BLOX GNSS RECEIVER","authors":"Sermet Öğütcü, S. Alcay, H. Duman, Behlül Numan Özdemi̇r, Ülkünur Koray","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1268932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1268932","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to the rapidly emerging low-cost dual-frequency GNSS receivers, a feasible alternative for geodetic-grade GNSS receivers became available for some GNSS applications. In this study, the performance of data integrity and quality of a low-cost ZED-F9P u-blox GNSS receiver was investigated by comparing it with a geodetic-grade GNSS receiver. Availability of the epoch and phase/code signal channels, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), code multipath, and cycle slips were analyzed for the geodetic-grade and low-cost ZED-F9P u-blox GNSS receivers. One month’s data of GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo constellations were analysed using the RINEX files of the receivers. The results showed that the epoch availability of the geodetic-grade and u-blox GNSS receiver is comparable to each other, while the availability of phase/code signal channels of the geodetic-grade receiver is higher than the u-blox receiver. In terms of data quality, SNR values from both receivers are comparable, while the multipath level of the u-blox GNSS receiver is significantly higher than the geodetic-grade one. The results also showed that the number of cycle slips of the u-blox receiver is significantly higher than the geodetic-one.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90221207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The transition from fossil fuel vehicles to electric has increased rapidly in recent years to reduce carbon emissions and use accessible energy. The main obstacles to the widespread use of electric vehicles are limited battery capacities, long charging times, thermal management in sudden charge and discharge situations and thermal runaway risks. The adverse effects of non-homogeneous temperature distribution on electrically driven vehicles have demonstrated the necessity of a thermal management system. The most used thermal management systems in practice are air-cooled, cooling plate (pipe) systems and direct dielectric cooling systems, which have recently become widespread. This study focused on the thermal analyses of the different thermal cooling methods. All analyses have been conducted using Ansys Fluent software. It has been observed that the dielectric direct cooling method, which is the newest method, has a performance value of 12% better than other systems at 1C normal operating conditions.
{"title":"NUMERICAL ANALYSES OF THERMAL PERFORMANCES OF THE CONVENTIONAL AND THE IMMERSION COOLING METHODS FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERY PACKS","authors":"Furkan Ergül, K. Tüfekci","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1242653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1242653","url":null,"abstract":"The transition from fossil fuel vehicles to electric has increased rapidly in recent years to reduce carbon emissions and use accessible energy. The main obstacles to the widespread use of electric vehicles are limited battery capacities, long charging times, thermal management in sudden charge and discharge situations and thermal runaway risks. The adverse effects of non-homogeneous temperature distribution on electrically driven vehicles have demonstrated the necessity of a thermal management system. The most used thermal management systems in practice are air-cooled, cooling plate (pipe) systems and direct dielectric cooling systems, which have recently become widespread. This study focused on the thermal analyses of the different thermal cooling methods. All analyses have been conducted using Ansys Fluent software. It has been observed that the dielectric direct cooling method, which is the newest method, has a performance value of 12% better than other systems at 1C normal operating conditions.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89597721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flotasyon, ince boyutlu kömürlerin zenginleştirilmesinde kullanılan en etkili yöntemlerdendir. Bununla birlikte, kömürün yan kayaç olarak kil minerallerini bulundurması flotasyon işlemini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada kil minerallerinin (kaolin ve montmorillonit) ve flotasyon reaktiflerinin Tunçbilek linyit kömürünün flotasyon performansına ve ortalama kabarcık boyutuna etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda; bastırıcı olarak sodyum silikat, toplayıcı olarak gaz yağı kullanılırken, köpürtücü olarak ise metil izobütil karbinol (MIBC) ve Dowfroth 250 kullanılmıştır. Kil türü ve miktarı, bastırıcı miktarı ve köpürtücü türü ve miktarı çalışılan deneysel parametrelerdir. Bastırıcı miktarı ve kil içeriğinin etkisinin belirlendiği deneysel çalışmalarda, kaolin içerikli numunelerde %40-55, montmorillonit içerikli numunelerde ise %30-47 aralığında yanabilir verim değerleri elde edilmiştir. Köpürtücü olarak Dowfroth 250 ile daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiş ve montmorillonit içeren kömür numunesi, kaolin içeren kömür numunesine göre daha büyük kabarcıklar oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar yan kayaç olarak kil bulunduran kömürlerin flotasyon davranışlarının anlaşılabilmesi ve çözüm önerileri sunulabilmesi için temel bir altyapı oluşturacaktır.
{"title":"Effect of Clay Minerals on the Flotation Performance of Coal and Mean Bubble Size","authors":"V. Önen, Ayşegül Çağlar, H. A. Taner","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1226001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1226001","url":null,"abstract":"Flotasyon, ince boyutlu kömürlerin zenginleştirilmesinde kullanılan en etkili yöntemlerdendir. Bununla birlikte, kömürün yan kayaç olarak kil minerallerini bulundurması flotasyon işlemini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada kil minerallerinin (kaolin ve montmorillonit) ve flotasyon reaktiflerinin Tunçbilek linyit kömürünün flotasyon performansına ve ortalama kabarcık boyutuna etkisi araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda; bastırıcı olarak sodyum silikat, toplayıcı olarak gaz yağı kullanılırken, köpürtücü olarak ise metil izobütil karbinol (MIBC) ve Dowfroth 250 kullanılmıştır. Kil türü ve miktarı, bastırıcı miktarı ve köpürtücü türü ve miktarı çalışılan deneysel parametrelerdir. Bastırıcı miktarı ve kil içeriğinin etkisinin belirlendiği deneysel çalışmalarda, kaolin içerikli numunelerde %40-55, montmorillonit içerikli numunelerde ise %30-47 aralığında yanabilir verim değerleri elde edilmiştir. Köpürtücü olarak Dowfroth 250 ile daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiş ve montmorillonit içeren kömür numunesi, kaolin içeren kömür numunesine göre daha büyük kabarcıklar oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar yan kayaç olarak kil bulunduran kömürlerin flotasyon davranışlarının anlaşılabilmesi ve çözüm önerileri sunulabilmesi için temel bir altyapı oluşturacaktır.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85703488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a commonly used optimization to solve many problems. The PSO, which is developed for continuous optimization, is updated to solve discrete problems and Discrete PSO (DPSO) is obtained in this study. With DPSO, the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which is well-known in the literature as a discrete problem, is solved. In order to improve the results, the swap method, the shift method, and the symmetry method are added to DPSO. The symmetry method is a new and successful method. The variations of the DPSO occurred according to the selected method type (DPSO1 (swap method), DPSO2 (shift method), DPSO3 (swap and shift methods), DPSO4 (symmetry method), DPSO5 (swap, shift, and symmetry methods), DPSO6 (swap, shift, symmetry, and 2-opt methods)). The effect of each method on the performance of the DPSO has been studied in detail. To demonstrate the success of the variations of the DPSO, the results are additionally compared with many well-known and new discrete algorithms in the literature. The results showed that the performance of DPSO has improved with the symmetry method and it has achieved better results than the discrete heuristic algorithms recently proposed in the literature.
{"title":"A DISCRETE PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM WITH SYMMETRY METHODS FOR DISCRETE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS","authors":"Emine Baş, Gulnur Yildizdan","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1199674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1199674","url":null,"abstract":"Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a commonly used optimization to solve many problems. The PSO, which is developed for continuous optimization, is updated to solve discrete problems and Discrete PSO (DPSO) is obtained in this study. With DPSO, the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), which is well-known in the literature as a discrete problem, is solved. In order to improve the results, the swap method, the shift method, and the symmetry method are added to DPSO. The symmetry method is a new and successful method. The variations of the DPSO occurred according to the selected method type (DPSO1 (swap method), DPSO2 (shift method), DPSO3 (swap and shift methods), DPSO4 (symmetry method), DPSO5 (swap, shift, and symmetry methods), DPSO6 (swap, shift, symmetry, and 2-opt methods)). The effect of each method on the performance of the DPSO has been studied in detail. To demonstrate the success of the variations of the DPSO, the results are additionally compared with many well-known and new discrete algorithms in the literature. The results showed that the performance of DPSO has improved with the symmetry method and it has achieved better results than the discrete heuristic algorithms recently proposed in the literature.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78761383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Black Stone is composed of several dark‐coloured gravels (9.7‐27 mm) held together by a silver frame in the eastern wall of the Kaaba (Makkah). It contains long prismatic white crystal (0.64‐1.11 mm) and short prismatic black (0.33‐0.85 mm in length) crystal in an equigranular texture. Six and one additional pieces of the Black Stone are claimed to be in Istanbul and Edirne, Turkey. The stone of Edirne is composed of quartz (0.45‐6.57 mm, 47.02 %), white plagioclase (0.81‐2.97 mm, 38.49 %) and black amphibole (0.9‐2.43 mm, 14.49 %) crystals in a coarse‐grained texture, with the composition of tonalite. It is suggested that the stone could be from the Yemeni Corner of Kaaba originated from Makkah batholith, and different from those of İstanbul and Kaaba based on its colour and texture. In the whole world, the Black Stone is possibly the most respected rock believed to be as old as Adam and Eve, and an “Object from Heaven”. It is suggested to be glass, granite, agate, pseudometeorite or most popularly stony meteorite. But the origin of the black stone remains the subject of speculation due to a lack of analyses of modern scientific techniques.
黑石由几块深色砾石(9.7 - 27毫米)组成，由克尔白(麦加)东墙的银色框架固定在一起。它包含长棱柱状白色晶体(0.64‐1.11 mm)和短棱柱状黑色晶体(0.33‐0.85 mm)，呈等粒状结构。据称，在伊斯坦布尔和土耳其的埃迪尔内发现了另外六块和一块黑石。Edirne的岩石由石英(0.45 ~ 6.57 mm, 47.02%)、白色斜长石(0.81 ~ 2.97 mm, 38.49%)和黑色角闪石(0.9 ~ 2.43 mm, 14.49%)晶体组成，晶粒粗大，主要成分为偏晶石。有人认为，这块石头可能来自克尔白的也门角，来自麦加的基岩，与İstanbul和克尔白的石头的颜色和质地不同。在全世界，黑石可能是最受尊敬的岩石，被认为与亚当和夏娃一样古老，是“来自天堂的物体”。它被认为是玻璃、花岗岩、玛瑙、伪陨石或最常见的石质陨石。但由于缺乏对现代科学技术的分析，黑石的起源仍然是猜测的主题。
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE HAJAR AL‐ASWAD, BLACK STONE OF MAKKAH, SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"K. Kocak","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1244222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1244222","url":null,"abstract":"The Black Stone is composed of several dark‐coloured gravels (9.7‐27 mm) held together by a silver frame in the eastern wall of the Kaaba (Makkah). It contains long prismatic white crystal (0.64‐1.11 mm) and short prismatic black (0.33‐0.85 mm in length) crystal in an equigranular texture. Six and one additional pieces of the Black Stone are claimed to be in Istanbul and Edirne, Turkey. The stone of Edirne is composed of quartz (0.45‐6.57 mm, 47.02 %), white plagioclase (0.81‐2.97 mm, 38.49 %) and black amphibole (0.9‐2.43 mm, 14.49 %) crystals in a coarse‐grained texture, with the composition of tonalite. It is suggested that the stone could be from the Yemeni Corner of Kaaba originated from Makkah batholith, and different from those of İstanbul and Kaaba based on its colour and texture. In the whole world, the Black Stone is possibly the most respected rock believed to be as old as Adam and Eve, and an “Object from Heaven”. It is suggested to be glass, granite, agate, pseudometeorite or most popularly stony meteorite. But the origin of the black stone remains the subject of speculation due to a lack of analyses of modern scientific techniques.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83241690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ateşli silahların tasarımında mekanizma parçalarının ve tahrik sistemlerinin enerji ve kuvvet hesaplamaları, silahın konforu ve etkinliği açısından hayati önem arz etmektedir. Silah uzuvlarında oluşan kuvvetlerin bilinmesi, uzun ömürlü parçaların tasarımına olanak sağlar. Otomatik silahlarda patlamadan sonra açığa çıkan enerjinin bilinmesi ise gaz deliği çapının ve konumunun optimum hesaplanmasını mümkün kılar. Bu hesapların sonucunda daha konforlu ve performansı yüksek silahlar tasarlanabilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında; silah ateşlenmesinde oluşan tepme kuvvetini ve şahlanma momentini ölçebilen, iki serbestlik dereceli, gelen kuvvetleri sönümleyebilen rijit bir test makinasının Ansys/Workbench programı kullanarak yapısal analizleri, özgün tasarımı ve MATLAB/Simulink ile PID konum kontrol simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca test makinasının prototip imalatı için oldukça önemli teknik bulgular elde edilmiştir.
{"title":"SİLAH GERİ TEPME VE ŞAHLANMA TEST MAKİNASI TASARIMI VE SİMULASYONU","authors":"Orhan Koç, Mustafa Tinkir","doi":"10.36306/konjes.1199857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1199857","url":null,"abstract":"Ateşli silahların tasarımında mekanizma parçalarının ve tahrik sistemlerinin enerji ve kuvvet hesaplamaları, silahın konforu ve etkinliği açısından hayati önem arz etmektedir. Silah uzuvlarında oluşan kuvvetlerin bilinmesi, uzun ömürlü parçaların tasarımına olanak sağlar. Otomatik silahlarda patlamadan sonra açığa çıkan enerjinin bilinmesi ise gaz deliği çapının ve konumunun optimum hesaplanmasını mümkün kılar. Bu hesapların sonucunda daha konforlu ve performansı yüksek silahlar tasarlanabilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında; silah ateşlenmesinde oluşan tepme kuvvetini ve şahlanma momentini ölçebilen, iki serbestlik dereceli, gelen kuvvetleri sönümleyebilen rijit bir test makinasının Ansys/Workbench programı kullanarak yapısal analizleri, özgün tasarımı ve MATLAB/Simulink ile PID konum kontrol simülasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca test makinasının prototip imalatı için oldukça önemli teknik bulgular elde edilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":17899,"journal":{"name":"Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82404994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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