Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15507
R. Sihombing, Agustinus Ngatin
Acrylic-based polymer adhesive is a type of adhesive that can be used for pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). Itaconic acid (IA) is a type of acid with 2 (two) OH groups which can form hydrogen bonds. The acrylic base can be used purely from its class. In some cases, however, the acrylic base can be used together with another base. Therefore acrylic-based adhesive with variable addition of itaconic acid was introduced in this study. In this application, the holding power property is one of the important parameters of a PSA. Therefore, holding power is the main parameter in this study. This research includes the preparation of tools and materials, mixing the main raw materials of acrylic monomer and itaconic acid with the types of surfactants and water, and product characterization. The polymerization process is carried out at a pressure of 1 atm with a temperature of 75°C - 80°C accompanied by stirring with a rotation rate of ± 500 rpm. The characterization of this research resulted in a PSA product with a holding power of 2 kg for 30 seconds to 620 minutes. While the resulting peel strength is 1.12 kgf / inc to 0.76 kgf / inc. Keywords: itaconic acid, acrylic PSA, holding power
{"title":"Pengaruh Asam Itakonat terhadap Properti Polimer Perekat Akrilik Berbasis Air","authors":"R. Sihombing, Agustinus Ngatin","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15507","url":null,"abstract":"Acrylic-based polymer adhesive is a type of adhesive that can be used for pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). Itaconic acid (IA) is a type of acid with 2 (two) OH groups which can form hydrogen bonds. The acrylic base can be used purely from its class. In some cases, however, the acrylic base can be used together with another base. Therefore acrylic-based adhesive with variable addition of itaconic acid was introduced in this study. In this application, the holding power property is one of the important parameters of a PSA. Therefore, holding power is the main parameter in this study. This research includes the preparation of tools and materials, mixing the main raw materials of acrylic monomer and itaconic acid with the types of surfactants and water, and product characterization. The polymerization process is carried out at a pressure of 1 atm with a temperature of 75°C - 80°C accompanied by stirring with a rotation rate of ± 500 rpm. The characterization of this research resulted in a PSA product with a holding power of 2 kg for 30 seconds to 620 minutes. While the resulting peel strength is 1.12 kgf / inc to 0.76 kgf / inc. \u0000Keywords: itaconic acid, acrylic PSA, holding power","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"40 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82841253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14009
Helni Febriani, D. Puspitasari, Ruslan, Husain Sosidi
The adsorption of Cu (II) ions by Genjer (Limnocharis flava) biomass has been carried out. This research aims to determine the optimum pH of the plant and the contact time between the metal ion Cu (II) with the plant that produces the highest absorption, as well as knowing the best adsorbent mass for absorption between Cu (II) metal ions and genjer plants. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with variables of pH, contact time, and adsorbent mass. The testing of the absorption of the Genjer leaves biomass against Cu (II) was carried out with Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometric (AAS). The results showed that the optimum absorption produced was 83.34% at pH 4, and 91.54% with the highest contact time of 30 minutes, and 82.04% with an adsorbent mass of 1 gram. Keywords: Limnocharis flava, pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, adsorption, Cu (II) ion
{"title":"Adsorbsi Ion Logam Cu (II) Menggunakan Biomassa Daun Genjer (Limnocharis flava)","authors":"Helni Febriani, D. Puspitasari, Ruslan, Husain Sosidi","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14009","url":null,"abstract":"The adsorption of Cu (II) ions by Genjer (Limnocharis flava) biomass has been carried out. This research aims to determine the optimum pH of the plant and the contact time between the metal ion Cu (II) with the plant that produces the highest absorption, as well as knowing the best adsorbent mass for absorption between Cu (II) metal ions and genjer plants. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with variables of pH, contact time, and adsorbent mass. The testing of the absorption of the Genjer leaves biomass against Cu (II) was carried out with Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometric (AAS). The results showed that the optimum absorption produced was 83.34% at pH 4, and 91.54% with the highest contact time of 30 minutes, and 82.04% with an adsorbent mass of 1 gram. \u0000Keywords: Limnocharis flava, pH, contact time, adsorbent mass, adsorption, Cu (II) ion","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76533271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15538
Rahmiani Gani, Syarifah Rabiatul Adawiah, Arfiani Nur
Hydrogen production by water electrolysis can be optimalized by improve the working electrode. Stainless steel as working electrode was coated with graphene and polyaniline by using cyclic voltammetry method with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. Coated electrodes were characterized by SEM-EDS and cyclic voltammetry method. Furthermore, the synthesized electrode was applied for water electrolysis by adding 1- 5 g/L NaHCO3. The characterization data showed that Stainless steel/Graphene-Polyaniline electrode can be synthesized by using cyclic voltammetry. The coating process was conducted at sweeping rate 10 mV/s on voltage -0.2 to 0.8 V for 10 cycles. The voltammograms showed that the highest cathodic peak current of electrolysis obtained at 0.491 mA by addition 2 g NaHCO3 on SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode, and the highest anodic peak current obtained at 0.191 mA by addition 2 g NaHCO3 on SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode. Based on the overpotential data, the smallest average potential difference of H+ adsorption obtained by SS/G-PANi1,0 electrode, and the smallest average potential difference of H+ desorption obtained by SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode. Keywords: Stainless steel, hydrogen production, electroplating, electrocatalyst, electrolysis
通过改进工作电极，可以优化水电解制氢工艺。采用循环伏安法，以Ag/AgCl为参比电极，Pt为反电极，在不锈钢工作电极上涂覆石墨烯和聚苯胺。采用SEM-EDS和循环伏安法对涂覆电极进行了表征。然后，将合成的电极加入1 ~ 5 g/L的NaHCO3进行水电解。表征数据表明，采用循环伏安法可以合成不锈钢/石墨烯-聚苯胺电极。在-0.2 ~ 0.8 V电压下，以10 mV/s的扫频速率进行10个循环。伏安图表明，在SS/ g - pani5电极上添加2g NaHCO3可获得0.491 mA的最大电解阴极峰电流，在SS/ g - pani5电极上添加2g NaHCO3可获得0.191 mA的最大电解阳极峰电流。根据过电位数据，SS/ g - pani1,0电极获得的H+吸附平均电位差最小，SS/ g - pani1,5电极获得的H+解吸平均电位差最小。关键词:不锈钢，制氢，电镀，电催化剂，电解
{"title":"Elektroplating Grafena-Polianilina pada Stainless Steel sebagai Elektroda pada Elektrolisis Air untuk Produksi Hidrogen","authors":"Rahmiani Gani, Syarifah Rabiatul Adawiah, Arfiani Nur","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15538","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen production by water electrolysis can be optimalized by improve the working electrode. Stainless steel as working electrode was coated with graphene and polyaniline by using cyclic voltammetry method with Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. Coated electrodes were characterized by SEM-EDS and cyclic voltammetry method. Furthermore, the synthesized electrode was applied for water electrolysis by adding 1- 5 g/L NaHCO3. The characterization data showed that Stainless steel/Graphene-Polyaniline electrode can be synthesized by using cyclic voltammetry. The coating process was conducted at sweeping rate 10 mV/s on voltage -0.2 to 0.8 V for 10 cycles. The voltammograms showed that the highest cathodic peak current of electrolysis obtained at 0.491 mA by addition 2 g NaHCO3 on SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode, and the highest anodic peak current obtained at 0.191 mA by addition 2 g NaHCO3 on SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode. Based on the overpotential data, the smallest average potential difference of H+ adsorption obtained by SS/G-PANi1,0 electrode, and the smallest average potential difference of H+ desorption obtained by SS/G-PANi0,5 electrode. \u0000Keywords: Stainless steel, hydrogen production, electroplating, electrocatalyst, electrolysis","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77022174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15541
St. Chadijah, Sari Ningsih, Ummi Zahra, Syarifah Rabiatul Adawiah, Iin Novianty
Natural dyes are an alternative dye that is not toxic, environmentally, friendly and easily degraded. Therefore, optimizing the use of body coloring sources is carried out. One of the natural dyes released is tannin from betel nuts. Tannins are polar pigments. This study aims to determine the results of natural dyes in betel nuts and find out the durability produced and known organoleptic results. Dyestuff extraction from betel nuts was carried out with 96% ethanol. Testing the color stability of betel nut seedlings was carried out on the effect of pH, temperature and storage time with the method UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Then the application of betel nut dyes on beverage products was carried out. The results showed that betel fruit produced tannin dyes in brownish red color with an average tannin content of 28.002 mg/L. Dyes stabilized at pH of 6 by heating at 400C and storage for 2 days. The results of organoleptic tests showed that the extract of areca nut powder can be used as a natural dye in beverage products with a level of color, smell and flavor that emits at a concentration of 0.005 g/mL of dyes. Keywords: Extraction, tannin, areca nuts, color stability, organoleptic
{"title":"Ekstraksi dan Uji Stabilitas Zat Warna Alami dari Biji Buah Pinang (Areca catechu L.) sebagai Bahan Pengganti Pewarna Sintetik pada Produk Minuman","authors":"St. Chadijah, Sari Ningsih, Ummi Zahra, Syarifah Rabiatul Adawiah, Iin Novianty","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15541","url":null,"abstract":"Natural dyes are an alternative dye that is not toxic, environmentally, friendly and easily degraded. Therefore, optimizing the use of body coloring sources is carried out. One of the natural dyes released is tannin from betel nuts. Tannins are polar pigments. This study aims to determine the results of natural dyes in betel nuts and find out the durability produced and known organoleptic results. Dyestuff extraction from betel nuts was carried out with 96% ethanol. Testing the color stability of betel nut seedlings was carried out on the effect of pH, temperature and storage time with the method UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Then the application of betel nut dyes on beverage products was carried out. The results showed that betel fruit produced tannin dyes in brownish red color with an average tannin content of 28.002 mg/L. Dyes stabilized at pH of 6 by heating at 400C and storage for 2 days. The results of organoleptic tests showed that the extract of areca nut powder can be used as a natural dye in beverage products with a level of color, smell and flavor that emits at a concentration of 0.005 g/mL of dyes. \u0000Keywords: Extraction, tannin, areca nuts, color stability, organoleptic","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91297542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15561
Thamrin Azis, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah, Muhammad Nurdin, Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar, Ratna, L. A. Kadir, Viesta Valentin Octavian, T. Nurwahida, C. Bijang, Haris W
The manufacture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) electrodes is made by anodizing method and coated with ilmenite (FeTiO3) through a dip-coating technique. The ilmenite (FeTiO3) coated TiO2/Ti plate electrode was developed for the degradation of the reactive blue 160 dye under photoelectrocatalytic UV and Visible light irradiation. The performance of FeTiO3-TiO2 / Ti composites degrades reactive blue 160 under UV irradiation and is visible photoelectrocatalytically compared to TiO2. The results of XRD characterization of TiO2 crystals in the form of anatase at 2θ, namely 35.1 ° (110), and the substitution of Fe dopant on TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile crystals. FTIR data indicated the presence of Fe-O bonds at wave numbers <700 nm. SEM-EDX results showed a thin layer of FeTiO3 was formed, indicating that the dip-coating method was effective in the coating process. The performance of the FeTiO3-TiO2 / Ti electrode has the highest activity against the oxidation process under visible light than the TiO2/Ti electrode. The results of degradation of reactive blue 160 dye with a concentration of 0.5 ppm by photoelectrocatalytic showed that the TiO2 / Ti and FeTiO3-TiO2/Ti electrodes were active in visible irradiation with degradation rate constants of 48% and 69%. Keywords: Electrodes, ilmenite, TiO2 / Ti, degradation, reactive blue 160, photoelectrocatalysis
{"title":"Studi dan Aplikasi Elektroda FeTiO3-TiO2/Ti untuk Degradasi Reactive Blue 160 dengan Metode Fotoelektrokatalisis","authors":"Thamrin Azis, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah, Muhammad Nurdin, Muhammad Zakir Muzakkar, Ratna, L. A. Kadir, Viesta Valentin Octavian, T. Nurwahida, C. Bijang, Haris W","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15561","url":null,"abstract":"The manufacture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) electrodes is made by anodizing method and coated with ilmenite (FeTiO3) through a dip-coating technique. The ilmenite (FeTiO3) coated TiO2/Ti plate electrode was developed for the degradation of the reactive blue 160 dye under photoelectrocatalytic UV and Visible light irradiation. The performance of FeTiO3-TiO2 / Ti composites degrades reactive blue 160 under UV irradiation and is visible photoelectrocatalytically compared to TiO2. The results of XRD characterization of TiO2 crystals in the form of anatase at 2θ, namely 35.1 ° (110), and the substitution of Fe dopant on TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile crystals. FTIR data indicated the presence of Fe-O bonds at wave numbers <700 nm. SEM-EDX results showed a thin layer of FeTiO3 was formed, indicating that the dip-coating method was effective in the coating process. The performance of the FeTiO3-TiO2 / Ti electrode has the highest activity against the oxidation process under visible light than the TiO2/Ti electrode. The results of degradation of reactive blue 160 dye with a concentration of 0.5 ppm by photoelectrocatalytic showed that the TiO2 / Ti and FeTiO3-TiO2/Ti electrodes were active in visible irradiation with degradation rate constants of 48% and 69%. \u0000Keywords: Electrodes, ilmenite, TiO2 / Ti, degradation, reactive blue 160, photoelectrocatalysis","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"76 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89226507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.13905
H. Pua, Nurhaeni, Erwin Abdul Rahim, Prismawiryanti
The quality of Dumbo Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) oil can be maintained during storage with the addition of crude lycopene in tomatoes as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best ratio between crude lycopene in tomatoes and Dumbo catfish oil during storage. The study was conducted using a variable ratio of crude lycopene: Dumbo catfish oil with 4 treatment levels (6:40, 8:40, 10:40, and 12:40 (w/v)) and storage time variables of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Lycopene levels in Dumbo catfish oil were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while the quality of Dumbo catfish oil during storage was determined through peroxide value analysis. The results showed that the best ratio of crude lycopene of tomatoes: Dumbo catfish oil was 12:40 at the third week of storage with lycopene content of 0.257 grams and the peroxide value of Dumbo catfish oil was 3.45 meq/kg or had met IFOS standards. Keywords: Crude lycopene, tomato fruit, dumbo catfish oil, peroxide value.
{"title":"Kualitas Minyak Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) Selama Penyimpanan dengan Penambahan Likopen Kasar dari Buah Tomat","authors":"H. Pua, Nurhaeni, Erwin Abdul Rahim, Prismawiryanti","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.13905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.13905","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of Dumbo Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) oil can be maintained during storage with the addition of crude lycopene in tomatoes as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best ratio between crude lycopene in tomatoes and Dumbo catfish oil during storage. The study was conducted using a variable ratio of crude lycopene: Dumbo catfish oil with 4 treatment levels (6:40, 8:40, 10:40, and 12:40 (w/v)) and storage time variables of 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Lycopene levels in Dumbo catfish oil were analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while the quality of Dumbo catfish oil during storage was determined through peroxide value analysis. The results showed that the best ratio of crude lycopene of tomatoes: Dumbo catfish oil was 12:40 at the third week of storage with lycopene content of 0.257 grams and the peroxide value of Dumbo catfish oil was 3.45 meq/kg or had met IFOS standards. \u0000Keywords: Crude lycopene, tomato fruit, dumbo catfish oil, peroxide value.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90550576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15509
Y. Sarungu, R. Sihombing
Oil sludge resulting from crude oil processing in the petroleum industry could have a negative impact on the environment. Oil sludge could also be classified as hazardous waste and able to damage the environment and human health. Therefore, it was necessary to solve this issues. Oil sludge hydrocarbon utilizing to get higher value was one of solution offered by these research. In the utilization process, filtration method was used at first procedure and followed by diesel mixing at ratio 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, and 1:0.5. The mixture was then analyzed for several parameters such as heating value, moisture content, ash content, and flashpoint. The results of heating values ranging from 5.966 calories/ gram to 7.210 calories/ gram, the flashpoint was from 38 ⁰C to 76 ⁰C, the water content was from 51.89% to 54.52%, the ash content was from 12.3% to 18.03%. The results showed that utilization of oil sludge could be used as liquid fuel alternative energy. Keywords: oil sludge, energy alternative, liquid fuel
{"title":"Pemanfaatan Lumpur Minyak dengan Solar sebagai Energi Alternatif Bahan Bakar","authors":"Y. Sarungu, R. Sihombing","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.15509","url":null,"abstract":"Oil sludge resulting from crude oil processing in the petroleum industry could have a negative impact on the environment. Oil sludge could also be classified as hazardous waste and able to damage the environment and human health. Therefore, it was necessary to solve this issues. Oil sludge hydrocarbon utilizing to get higher value was one of solution offered by these research. In the utilization process, filtration method was used at first procedure and followed by diesel mixing at ratio 1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, and 1:0.5. The mixture was then analyzed for several parameters such as heating value, moisture content, ash content, and flashpoint. The results of heating values ranging from 5.966 calories/ gram to 7.210 calories/ gram, the flashpoint was from 38 ⁰C to 76 ⁰C, the water content was from 51.89% to 54.52%, the ash content was from 12.3% to 18.03%. The results showed that utilization of oil sludge could be used as liquid fuel alternative energy. \u0000 Keywords: oil sludge, energy alternative, liquid fuel","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14227
Erwin Abdul Rahim, Grace Sita Turumi, Syaiful ' Bahri, Jusman, Syamsuddin
Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.
{"title":"Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) pada Sintesis Karboksimetil Selulosa (CMC)","authors":"Erwin Abdul Rahim, Grace Sita Turumi, Syaiful ' Bahri, Jusman, Syamsuddin","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i2.14227","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose from Pennisetum purpureum has been used as the main ingredient in the synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The purpose of CMC synthesis from the cellulose of Pennisetum purpureum is to obtain CMC compounds with the best degree of substitution (DS) value and the highest yield. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of two independent variables, namely the concentration of trichloroacetic acid (10%, 20%, and 30%) and reaction time (3 and 4 hours). The results showed that the CMC with the highest DS value (0.839) was obtained using 20% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 3 hours. The highest CMC yield was 30.15% which was obtained using 30% trichloroacetic acid with a reaction time of 4 hours. \u0000Keywords: Pennisetum purpureum, carboxymethyl cellulose, substitution degree.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80056488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15493
M. Natsir, S. N. Safitri, Oktovia Nurmawati, Muh. Saleh Purnama R., Ruslan
Combination of kapok leaf extract (Ceiba pertandra G.) and turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Va.) was carried out to determine the potential of extracts in treating cancer with BSLT and murine cells P388. Cancer is a disease that is very feared because it’s difficult to cure, and even rarely causes death. The sample was extracted with methanol, the extract was mixed so that the mixture extract from the two samples was obtained. The results showed that in the BSLT test the mixed extract had a bioactivity against shrimp larvae with an LC50 value of 142.946 ppm. While in Leukemia P388 cell testing showed that the combination of mixed extracts had a cytotoxic effect on Leukemia P388 cancer cells with inhibitory concentration values of 54.34 ppm. This shows that the kapok leaf extract (Ceiba pentandra G.) and combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Va.) has potential and can be developed as an anticancer agent because it has an IC50 value that can inhibit murine P388 cell growth and LC50 value which can kill shrimp larvae Artemia salina L.
{"title":"Potential Combination of Kapok Leaf Extract (Ceiba pentandra G.) and Turmeric Extract (Curcuma domestica Va) as an Anticancer Compound","authors":"M. Natsir, S. N. Safitri, Oktovia Nurmawati, Muh. Saleh Purnama R., Ruslan","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15493","url":null,"abstract":"Combination of kapok leaf extract (Ceiba pertandra G.) and turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Va.) was carried out to determine the potential of extracts in treating cancer with BSLT and murine cells P388. Cancer is a disease that is very feared because it’s difficult to cure, and even rarely causes death. The sample was extracted with methanol, the extract was mixed so that the mixture extract from the two samples was obtained. The results showed that in the BSLT test the mixed extract had a bioactivity against shrimp larvae with an LC50 value of 142.946 ppm. While in Leukemia P388 cell testing showed that the combination of mixed extracts had a cytotoxic effect on Leukemia P388 cancer cells with inhibitory concentration values of 54.34 ppm. This shows that the kapok leaf extract (Ceiba pentandra G.) and combination of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica Va.) has potential and can be developed as an anticancer agent because it has an IC50 value that can inhibit murine P388 cell growth and LC50 value which can kill shrimp larvae Artemia salina L.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83681970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15437
M. Sari, Rani Nareza Ulfa, Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung, Purnama
Papasan leaves have several properties, including antihyperglycemic, diabetes, antipyretic and antioxidant. Minor metabolite compounds that have the potential as antioxidants from this plant are flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study's purpose to determine the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents of Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.) leaf extract based on the differences in polar solvents. The polar solvents used were ethanol, methanol, and water. Extraction used by maceration and dekokta. The antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents were established by UV-Vis spectrophotometry according to the decrease in absorbance at a maximum wavelength of 515 nm by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Determination of antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents were excluded on quercetin comparisons. The values of IC50 and the flavonoid total contents in the ethanol extract respectively were 287.92 ppm and 49.825 mg QE/g while the IC50 values and total flavonoid levels in the extract of methanol were 73.29 ppm and 50.415 mg QE/g. In the extract of the water, the value of IC50 was 39.80 ppm and the total flavonoid contents were 50.415 mg QE/g. The conclusions of these studies were that the most antioxidant activity was found in water extract, while water and methanol extract had the same and highest levels of total flavonoids.
{"title":"Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Daun Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Pelarut Polar","authors":"M. Sari, Rani Nareza Ulfa, Mauritz Pandapotan Marpaung, Purnama","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2021.v7.i1.15437","url":null,"abstract":"Papasan leaves have several properties, including antihyperglycemic, diabetes, antipyretic and antioxidant. Minor metabolite compounds that have the potential as antioxidants from this plant are flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. This study's purpose to determine the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents of Papasan (Coccinia grandis L.) leaf extract based on the differences in polar solvents. The polar solvents used were ethanol, methanol, and water. Extraction used by maceration and dekokta. The antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents were established by UV-Vis spectrophotometry according to the decrease in absorbance at a maximum wavelength of 515 nm by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. Determination of antioxidant activity and the flavonoid total contents were excluded on quercetin comparisons. The values of IC50 and the flavonoid total contents in the ethanol extract respectively were 287.92 ppm and 49.825 mg QE/g while the IC50 values and total flavonoid levels in the extract of methanol were 73.29 ppm and 50.415 mg QE/g. In the extract of the water, the value of IC50 was 39.80 ppm and the total flavonoid contents were 50.415 mg QE/g. The conclusions of these studies were that the most antioxidant activity was found in water extract, while water and methanol extract had the same and highest levels of total flavonoids.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79608224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：