The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding natural antioxidants from ethanolic extract of mango parasite (Dendrophthoe petandra) to oxidation stability of crude palm oil (CPO) during storage. The parameters tested were levels of free fatty acid (FFA), acid values, and deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI). The antioxidant activity of D. petandra extract obtained was IC50 of 6.369 ppm. Concentrations of D. petandra extract range from 200 to 1000 ppm. Based on the results, the ethanolic extract of D. petandra was able to reduce the FFA and acid value and increase the DOBI compared to the negative control. The lowest FFA levels and acid numbers were obtained from samples with addition of 1000 ppm natural antioxidants with FFA of 4.2% and acid value of 7.4 mg KOH/g, while the DOBI value increased to 1.300.
{"title":"Antioxidant Potential of Ethanol Extract from Mango Parasite (Dendrophthoe petandra) to Maintain Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Quality","authors":"Ninik Triayu Susparini, Rohmatulloh, Boima Situmeang, Isna Lailatusholihah, Siti Rohmiyati","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15954","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding natural antioxidants from ethanolic extract of mango parasite (Dendrophthoe petandra) to oxidation stability of crude palm oil (CPO) during storage. The parameters tested were levels of free fatty acid (FFA), acid values, and deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI). The antioxidant activity of D. petandra extract obtained was IC50 of 6.369 ppm. Concentrations of D. petandra extract range from 200 to 1000 ppm. Based on the results, the ethanolic extract of D. petandra was able to reduce the FFA and acid value and increase the DOBI compared to the negative control. The lowest FFA levels and acid numbers were obtained from samples with addition of 1000 ppm natural antioxidants with FFA of 4.2% and acid value of 7.4 mg KOH/g, while the DOBI value increased to 1.300.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82613315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15970
Djumidar, A. Razak, Ahmad Ridhay, N. Sumarni, Syamsuddin, Jusman, Nurhaeni, Erwin Abdul Rahim
Johar plant is a type of plant from the Fabaceae family which is widely used in traditional medicine such as malaria, itching and diabetes medicine. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Johar stem bark extract with different levels of solvent polarity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the active compound class by TLC-Bioautography. The extraction of active compounds used a multilevel maceration method starting with n-hexane (non polar), followed by ethyl acetate (semi-polar) and ethanol (polar) solvents. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out by diffusion well method with a concentration variant of 25% and 50%. The results showed that n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against the two test bacteria. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extract from Johar stem bark at a concentration of 50% were classified as very strong antibacterials with inhibition zone diameters against S. aureus, which were 22.02±0.84 mm and 20.16±0.23 mm, respectively. The results of the TLC-Bioautography test showed that the three test extracts had strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. In the n-hexane extract with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1) eluent using Lieberman-Burchard spray reagent, it was suspected that triterpenoid compounds were present. In ethyl acetate extract with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6:4) eluent and ethanol extract with chloroform: methanol (8:2) eluent using FeCl3 1% spray reagent, it was suspected that the tannin compound was present in both extracts.
{"title":"Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Batang Tumbuhan Johar (Senna siamea Lam) pada Berbagai Polaritas Pelarut","authors":"Djumidar, A. Razak, Ahmad Ridhay, N. Sumarni, Syamsuddin, Jusman, Nurhaeni, Erwin Abdul Rahim","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15970","url":null,"abstract":"Johar plant is a type of plant from the Fabaceae family which is widely used in traditional medicine such as malaria, itching and diabetes medicine. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Johar stem bark extract with different levels of solvent polarity on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the active compound class by TLC-Bioautography. The extraction of active compounds used a multilevel maceration method starting with n-hexane (non polar), followed by ethyl acetate (semi-polar) and ethanol (polar) solvents. Antibacterial activity testing was carried out by diffusion well method with a concentration variant of 25% and 50%. The results showed that n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract had antibacterial activity against the two test bacteria. Ethyl acetate and ethanol extract from Johar stem bark at a concentration of 50% were classified as very strong antibacterials with inhibition zone diameters against S. aureus, which were 22.02±0.84 mm and 20.16±0.23 mm, respectively. The results of the TLC-Bioautography test showed that the three test extracts had strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. In the n-hexane extract with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (9:1) eluent using Lieberman-Burchard spray reagent, it was suspected that triterpenoid compounds were present. In ethyl acetate extract with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (6:4) eluent and ethanol extract with chloroform: methanol (8:2) eluent using FeCl3 1% spray reagent, it was suspected that the tannin compound was present in both extracts.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90659931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15962
Ni Kadek Atmiyanti, Pasjan Satrimafitrah, A. Razak, Nov Irmawati Inda, Indriani, D. Puspitasari
The study of the potential of Gempol wood stem extract (Nauclea orientalis L.) with three solvent polarities has been exercised to determine the extract with a certain polarity and the smallest concentration that can inhibit the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil. Extraction is performed using the maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. Furthermore, the potency in inhibiting the growth of bacteria was observed by the diffusion method with a range of extract concentrations from the largest to the smallest. The extract's ability to inhibit bacterial growth in the time range of up to 24 hours was measured using the turbidimetric method. The results showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were able to inhibit the growth of both bacteria in a wide concentration range (100 %– 5%), although n-hexane extracts showed the highest percentage in inhibiting both bacteria (15.27 mm and 16.89 mm, respectively). Turbidimetric assays showed the extract was stronger in inhibiting S. aureus compared to E. coli in the logarithmic phase range of 12 hours. This study showed that semipolar and polar extracts can inhibit the growth of bacteria with a wider concentration range compared to non-polar extracts despite having a higher inhibition capability.
通过对三种溶剂极性的Gempol木茎提取物(Nauclea orientalis L.)的潜力进行研究，确定具有一定极性和最小浓度的提取物可以抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和埃希氏菌的生长。采用浸渍法，以正己烷、乙酸乙酯和乙醇为溶剂进行提取。此外，通过扩散法观察了从最大到最小的提取物浓度范围内抑制细菌生长的效力。在长达24小时的时间范围内，使用比浊法测量了提取物抑制细菌生长的能力。结果表明，乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物均能在较宽的浓度范围内(100% ~ 5%)抑制两种细菌的生长，其中正己烷提取物对两种细菌的抑制率最高(分别为15.27 mm和16.89 mm)。浊度测定表明，在对数相范围内，该提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用强于大肠杆菌。本研究表明，与非极性提取物相比，半极性和极性提取物抑制细菌生长的浓度范围更广，但具有更高的抑制能力。
{"title":"Potensi Ekstrak Batang Kayu Gempol (Nauclea orientalis L.) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri","authors":"Ni Kadek Atmiyanti, Pasjan Satrimafitrah, A. Razak, Nov Irmawati Inda, Indriani, D. Puspitasari","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15962","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the potential of Gempol wood stem extract (Nauclea orientalis L.) with three solvent polarities has been exercised to determine the extract with a certain polarity and the smallest concentration that can inhibit the growth of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil. Extraction is performed using the maceration method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents. Furthermore, the potency in inhibiting the growth of bacteria was observed by the diffusion method with a range of extract concentrations from the largest to the smallest. The extract's ability to inhibit bacterial growth in the time range of up to 24 hours was measured using the turbidimetric method. The results showed that ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were able to inhibit the growth of both bacteria in a wide concentration range (100 %– 5%), although n-hexane extracts showed the highest percentage in inhibiting both bacteria (15.27 mm and 16.89 mm, respectively). Turbidimetric assays showed the extract was stronger in inhibiting S. aureus compared to E. coli in the logarithmic phase range of 12 hours. This study showed that semipolar and polar extracts can inhibit the growth of bacteria with a wider concentration range compared to non-polar extracts despite having a higher inhibition capability.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75059331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15948
N. S. Djenar, Joko Suryadi, Nisa Siti Nursaadah, Erina Putri
Gluten vegetable protein can be used as an alternative source of biopolymer as the basic material for edible film other than polysaccharides. Gluten-based edible films have a poor water vapor barrier and high cohesive and viscoelastic properties, therefore the addition of lipids and plasticizers is required. In this study, olive oil was added to reduce its permeability to water vapor, while glycerin was added to produce a more flexible edible film. The results showed that the addition of 1% olive oil could reduce the lowest water vapor transmission rate of 9.14 g/m2/24 hours with a thickness of 0.248 mm, tensile strength of 16.64 mPa, and elongation of 419.5%. The four characteristics are in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard. The antimicrobial testing on edible films showed that the addition of 0-2% olive oil could inhibit the growth of E. coli, while A. niger and R. oryzae 0-2% olive oil could not inhibit the growth of the two fungi. The measurement of optical properties showed that the transparency of the edible film was highest at the addition of 0% olive oil at 55%. The highest opacity value was with the addition of 1% olive oil, which is 2.96. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) identification showed that the edible film added with 1% olive oil had three characteristic absorption bands from gluten, olive oil, and an absorption band from glycerin. These bands indicate that olive oil, glycerin, and gluten do not react but only physically interact. The measurement using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) showed that the microstructure of gluten-based edible film produces a varied structure where the gluten structure network can be clearly observed and contains elements of C, O, N where the intensity of C and O elements of 160-400 cps and 30-100 cps, respectively.
{"title":"Pengaruh Penambahan Minyak Zaitun Terhadap Karakteristik dan Reologi Edible Film Berbahan Dasar Gluten","authors":"N. S. Djenar, Joko Suryadi, Nisa Siti Nursaadah, Erina Putri","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15948","url":null,"abstract":"Gluten vegetable protein can be used as an alternative source of biopolymer as the basic material for edible film other than polysaccharides. Gluten-based edible films have a poor water vapor barrier and high cohesive and viscoelastic properties, therefore the addition of lipids and plasticizers is required. In this study, olive oil was added to reduce its permeability to water vapor, while glycerin was added to produce a more flexible edible film. The results showed that the addition of 1% olive oil could reduce the lowest water vapor transmission rate of 9.14 g/m2/24 hours with a thickness of 0.248 mm, tensile strength of 16.64 mPa, and elongation of 419.5%. The four characteristics are in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard. The antimicrobial testing on edible films showed that the addition of 0-2% olive oil could inhibit the growth of E. coli, while A. niger and R. oryzae 0-2% olive oil could not inhibit the growth of the two fungi. The measurement of optical properties showed that the transparency of the edible film was highest at the addition of 0% olive oil at 55%. The highest opacity value was with the addition of 1% olive oil, which is 2.96. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) identification showed that the edible film added with 1% olive oil had three characteristic absorption bands from gluten, olive oil, and an absorption band from glycerin. These bands indicate that olive oil, glycerin, and gluten do not react but only physically interact. The measurement using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) showed that the microstructure of gluten-based edible film produces a varied structure where the gluten structure network can be clearly observed and contains elements of C, O, N where the intensity of C and O elements of 160-400 cps and 30-100 cps, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76927696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon nanodots (CNDs) is one of the carbon nanoparticles that are environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and have optical properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize CNDs from ascorbic acid as a precursor using the Microwave Assisted Extraction method. method. Best results are obtained at 4 minutes of heating and 500W of power. The synthesized CNDs solution showed a blue color under 365 nm UV light. The measurement results with UV Vis spectrophotometer showed the maximum wavelength at 341.5 nm with an energy gap of 5.57 eV. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show that CNDs have the -OH (hydroxyl) functional group at a wave number of 3354.61 cm-1 and C=O functional group at a wave number of 1633.09 cm-1. Characterization results using High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that CNDs were spherical in shape with a particle size range of 2.54-9.48 nm.
{"title":"Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Carbon Nanodots dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction","authors":"Mentik Hulupi, Haryadi, Nabila Sofiyani, Rizka Amalia Nuriana, Retno Indarti, Fauzi Abdilah","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15910","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanodots (CNDs) is one of the carbon nanoparticles that are environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and have optical properties. The aim of this study was to synthesize CNDs from ascorbic acid as a precursor using the Microwave Assisted Extraction method. method. Best results are obtained at 4 minutes of heating and 500W of power. The synthesized CNDs solution showed a blue color under 365 nm UV light. The measurement results with UV Vis spectrophotometer showed the maximum wavelength at 341.5 nm with an energy gap of 5.57 eV. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis show that CNDs have the -OH (hydroxyl) functional group at a wave number of 3354.61 cm-1 and C=O functional group at a wave number of 1633.09 cm-1. Characterization results using High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that CNDs were spherical in shape with a particle size range of 2.54-9.48 nm.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"196 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77392579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15966
Khairuddin., R. Ruslan., Muh.Ricky Arisandi M. Tahili, D. Puspitasari, Indriani, Husain Sosidi, Prismawiryanti, Moh. Mirzan
Oil palm midribs (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) are one of the wastes from oil palm plantations. The high carbon element composition in the palm midribs has the potential to be used as charcoal or activated carbon. Activated carbon can reduce COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. This study aims to determine the effect of activated carbon mass and contact time on decreasing COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. Palm midrib charcoal was activated using HCl 1N with the independent variable of activated charcoal mass (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 grams) and contact times (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes), while the dependent variable was the percentage decrease COD levels. Activated charcoal from the palm midribs was in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995 concerning the Quality Standard of Activated Charcoal. The effect of the adsorbent mass showed that the mass increase in activated charcoal was directly proportional to the percentage decrease in COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater, while the optimum contact time of activated charcoal was obtained at 60 minutes with a decrease in COD levels of 82.13%.
{"title":"Penurunan Kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu Menggunakan Arang Aktif dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.)","authors":"Khairuddin., R. Ruslan., Muh.Ricky Arisandi M. Tahili, D. Puspitasari, Indriani, Husain Sosidi, Prismawiryanti, Moh. Mirzan","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15966","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm midribs (Elaeis guenensis Jacq.) are one of the wastes from oil palm plantations. The high carbon element composition in the palm midribs has the potential to be used as charcoal or activated carbon. Activated carbon can reduce COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. This study aims to determine the effect of activated carbon mass and contact time on decreasing COD levels in tofu industrial wastewater. Palm midrib charcoal was activated using HCl 1N with the independent variable of activated charcoal mass (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 grams) and contact times (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes), while the dependent variable was the percentage decrease COD levels. Activated charcoal from the palm midribs was in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995 concerning the Quality Standard of Activated Charcoal. The effect of the adsorbent mass showed that the mass increase in activated charcoal was directly proportional to the percentage decrease in COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater, while the optimum contact time of activated charcoal was obtained at 60 minutes with a decrease in COD levels of 82.13%.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81123263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most prevalent phenolic acids to be found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and herbal remedies is gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. The free acids, esters, catechin derivatives, and hydrolyzed tannins are the different ways that these substances are obtained. The specialty of this compound is due to its pharmacological activity as a radical scavenger. The total phenolic content in peanuts varies from 132.5 to 248.8 mg GAE/100 g. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage time and heating time of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) on gallic acid levels. Determination of gallic acid using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with the column used is an ODS (Octadesil Silica) C18 column and the mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile and aquadest (1:3). Peanuts were stored for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks at 25°C and fried at 160°C for 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. The results of this study on the length of storage obtained a P value of 0.000 where the results are smaller than 0.05. This indicates that storage time has a significant effect on gallic acid levels in peanut samples. Gallic acid levels appear to increase from the first week to the fourth week. Based on the results of the research at the time of heating obtained a P value of 0.189 where the results are higher than 0.05. This shows that the length of heating time does not affect on the gallic acid content in the peanut samples. From these results, it was concluded that gallic acid content was affected by storage time, but not by heating time.
{"title":"Pengaruh Penyimpanan dan Lama Pemanasan Terhadap Kadar Asam Galat pada Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"Devyana Dyah wulandari, Ersalina Nidianti, Ary Andini, Rahmawati Fitri Awalia, Halimah Prisilia","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15947","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most prevalent phenolic acids to be found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and herbal remedies is gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. The free acids, esters, catechin derivatives, and hydrolyzed tannins are the different ways that these substances are obtained. The specialty of this compound is due to its pharmacological activity as a radical scavenger. The total phenolic content in peanuts varies from 132.5 to 248.8 mg GAE/100 g. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage time and heating time of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) on gallic acid levels. Determination of gallic acid using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with the column used is an ODS (Octadesil Silica) C18 column and the mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile and aquadest (1:3). Peanuts were stored for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks at 25°C and fried at 160°C for 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. The results of this study on the length of storage obtained a P value of 0.000 where the results are smaller than 0.05. This indicates that storage time has a significant effect on gallic acid levels in peanut samples. Gallic acid levels appear to increase from the first week to the fourth week. Based on the results of the research at the time of heating obtained a P value of 0.189 where the results are higher than 0.05. This shows that the length of heating time does not affect on the gallic acid content in the peanut samples. From these results, it was concluded that gallic acid content was affected by storage time, but not by heating time.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88958008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15931
Erma Hermawati, Y. Sarungu, Bambang Soeswanto, Rispiandi, Alfiana Adhitasari, Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh, R. Sihombing, Retno Indarti
Organic inhibitors in the corrosion process could be obtained from water hyacinth plant. This plant contained antioxidants such as saponins, which could bind to protective metals from corrosion. The objective of this study was to observe the corrosion rate degradation in rainwater and tap water with saponin content of water hyacinth extract with novelty of using methanol in the maceration process. The sample: methanol ratio used in the maceration process was 1 : 9 (w/v). Steel testing was carried out for 5 days in rainwater and tap water. Based on the test results, the saponin content in the water hyacinth extract could be proven by the stability of the foam produced. The experimental results showed a corrosion rate escalation in tap water samples from 47.7% to 94.5% and samples in rainwater from 11.3% to 52.9% at 75 ppm inhibitor concentration. Based on the research, water hyacinth extract using methanol solvent could be used as a corrosion inhibitor.
{"title":"Pengaruh Konsentrasi Inhibitor dari Eceng Gondok dalam Air Hujan dan Air Kran terhadap Laju Korosi","authors":"Erma Hermawati, Y. Sarungu, Bambang Soeswanto, Rispiandi, Alfiana Adhitasari, Sudrajat Harris Abdulloh, R. Sihombing, Retno Indarti","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15931","url":null,"abstract":"Organic inhibitors in the corrosion process could be obtained from water hyacinth plant. This plant contained antioxidants such as saponins, which could bind to protective metals from corrosion. The objective of this study was to observe the corrosion rate degradation in rainwater and tap water with saponin content of water hyacinth extract with novelty of using methanol in the maceration process. The sample: methanol ratio used in the maceration process was 1 : 9 (w/v). Steel testing was carried out for 5 days in rainwater and tap water. Based on the test results, the saponin content in the water hyacinth extract could be proven by the stability of the foam produced. The experimental results showed a corrosion rate escalation in tap water samples from 47.7% to 94.5% and samples in rainwater from 11.3% to 52.9% at 75 ppm inhibitor concentration. Based on the research, water hyacinth extract using methanol solvent could be used as a corrosion inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84766808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15864
M. Mawardi, Rahma Juita, Fadhlurrahman Mawardi, Kori Ariani, Nindia Novari, I. Ismail
Batanghari River is a river that crosses the Province of West Sumatra and Jambi Province, which flows through the Dharmasraya Regency area. Along this river, many illegal gold mines are found, which use mercury (Hg) as a gold-binding medium, and fuel oil containing lead (Pb) as fuel for machinery used in mining operations. This mining activity is the cause of the presence of Hg and Pb in the mining environment which is passed by the Batanghari river. The source of Pb is also from tailings, which is the remaining metal ore processing that does not meet the requirements to be taken at the time of mining. the presence of Hg and Pb metals in the aquatic environment will have an impact on the environment and interfere with the health of miners and the surrounding community, because Hg and Pb are heavy metals that are toxic. Research has been carried out on the Batanghari river sediments in January and April 2019 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) method to measure Pb and the Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (CV AAS) method for Hg metal. The results showed that each metal Hg and Pb, in mg metal per Kg sediment, in the range of 0.08 mg/kg – 10.21 mg/kg, and 1.81 mg/kg – 23.10 mg/kg. Based on these data, it can be said that in January and April 2019 the metal content of Hg and Pb in the Batanghari river air was above the river water quality standard according to the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia, namely 0.001-0.002 mg/L for Hg and 0.03 mg/L for Pb
巴当哈里河是一条河流，横跨西苏门答腊省和占碑省，流经达马斯拉亚摄政地区。沿着这条河，发现了许多非法金矿，这些金矿使用汞(Hg)作为金结合介质，含有铅(Pb)的燃料油作为采矿作业中使用的机械燃料。这种采矿活动是导致采矿环境中汞和铅存在的原因，这些环境通过巴丹哈里河。铅的来源也来自尾矿，尾矿是指在开采时采取的不符合要求的金属矿石处理的剩余部分。汞和铅金属在水生环境中的存在会对环境产生影响，干扰矿工和周围社区的健康，因为汞和铅是有毒的重金属。2019年1月和4月，采用原子吸收分光光度计(FAAS)法测定Pb和冷蒸汽原子吸收分光光度计(CV AAS)法测定汞金属，对巴丹哈里河沉积物进行了研究。结果表明，各金属Hg和Pb的重金属含量在0.08 mg/ Kg ~ 10.21 mg/ Kg和1.81 mg/ Kg ~ 23.10 mg/ Kg之间。根据这些数据，可以说，2019年1月和4月，巴丹哈里河空气中汞和铅的金属含量高于印度尼西亚共和国政府法规规定的河流水质标准，即汞为0.001-0.002 mg/L，铅为0.03 mg/L
{"title":"Determination of Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb) in Sedimen of Batanghari River in Dharmasraya Regency","authors":"M. Mawardi, Rahma Juita, Fadhlurrahman Mawardi, Kori Ariani, Nindia Novari, I. Ismail","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15864","url":null,"abstract":"Batanghari River is a river that crosses the Province of West Sumatra and Jambi Province, which flows through the Dharmasraya Regency area. Along this river, many illegal gold mines are found, which use mercury (Hg) as a gold-binding medium, and fuel oil containing lead (Pb) as fuel for machinery used in mining operations. This mining activity is the cause of the presence of Hg and Pb in the mining environment which is passed by the Batanghari river. The source of Pb is also from tailings, which is the remaining metal ore processing that does not meet the requirements to be taken at the time of mining. the presence of Hg and Pb metals in the aquatic environment will have an impact on the environment and interfere with the health of miners and the surrounding community, because Hg and Pb are heavy metals that are toxic. Research has been carried out on the Batanghari river sediments in January and April 2019 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS) method to measure Pb and the Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (CV AAS) method for Hg metal. The results showed that each metal Hg and Pb, in mg metal per Kg sediment, in the range of 0.08 mg/kg – 10.21 mg/kg, and 1.81 mg/kg – 23.10 mg/kg. Based on these data, it can be said that in January and April 2019 the metal content of Hg and Pb in the Batanghari river air was above the river water quality standard according to the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia, namely 0.001-0.002 mg/L for Hg and 0.03 mg/L for Pb","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75353467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15790
N. S. Djenar, Joko Suryadi
The protein contained in corn germ can be used as a raw material that has the potential to provide many benefits in the food, pharmaceutical, and plastic industries. Corn germ with the highest content of protein is around 12-18.4%. In this study, protein from corn germ was isolated and homogenized using tris buffer HCl at pH 7.2. To obtain the protein fraction, precipitation was carried out (salting-out) using a solution of (NH4)2SO4 with saturation levels of 25%, 50%, and 70% respectively. The purification process was carried out by dialysis for 24 hours. The dialysis produced pure protein with a concentration of 4.161%. Based on the identification of functional groups using an FT-IR spectrophotometer, it was shown that the isolated and purified corn germ protein contained four absorption bands, including amide A (3211.48 cm-1 and 3226.91 cm-1), amide I (1633 cm-1 and 1629.85 cm-1), amide II (1527 cm-1 and 1552.70 cm-1) and amide III (1296.16 cm-1). The four absorption bands correspond to the wavenumbers of corn protein stated in the literature and are estimated to contain albumin, globulin, glutelin, and zein.
{"title":"Isolasi dan Pemurnian Protein dari Lembaga Jagung (Corn Germ) Menggunakan Metode Presipitasi dan Dialisis","authors":"N. S. Djenar, Joko Suryadi","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i1.15790","url":null,"abstract":"The protein contained in corn germ can be used as a raw material that has the potential to provide many benefits in the food, pharmaceutical, and plastic industries. Corn germ with the highest content of protein is around 12-18.4%. In this study, protein from corn germ was isolated and homogenized using tris buffer HCl at pH 7.2. To obtain the protein fraction, precipitation was carried out (salting-out) using a solution of (NH4)2SO4 with saturation levels of 25%, 50%, and 70% respectively. The purification process was carried out by dialysis for 24 hours. The dialysis produced pure protein with a concentration of 4.161%. Based on the identification of functional groups using an FT-IR spectrophotometer, it was shown that the isolated and purified corn germ protein contained four absorption bands, including amide A (3211.48 cm-1 and 3226.91 cm-1), amide I (1633 cm-1 and 1629.85 cm-1), amide II (1527 cm-1 and 1552.70 cm-1) and amide III (1296.16 cm-1). The four absorption bands correspond to the wavenumbers of corn protein stated in the literature and are estimated to contain albumin, globulin, glutelin, and zein.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78422467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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