Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16290
Hasdinda Hasdinda, Pasjan Satrimafitrah, Syaiful ' Bahri, A. Razak, D. Puspitasari, Indriani, Aini Auliana Amar
Coconut pulp wasted from processed coconut oil has a protein content of up to 18.20%. The potential coconut pulp protein can be processed in protein concentrate which has many benefits. This research was conducted to determine the effect of NaOH and (NH4)2SO4 concentrations in isolating protein and producing protein concentrates that have the highest yield and protein content. Isolation of coconut pulp protein was carried out using NaOH at several concentrations, namely 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 M, while the protein concentrate was prepared using the salting out method with a saturation level of the ammonium sulfate salt of 55%, 60%, and 65%. Analysis of protein content was carried out using the Kjeldahl method. The use of NaOH 0.2 M and (NH4)2SO4 with a saturation level of 60% was the chosen treatment with crude protein content and yield of 75.63% and 33.83%, respectively.
{"title":"Produksi Konsentrat Protein dari Ampas Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Menggunakan NaOH dan (NH4)2SO4","authors":"Hasdinda Hasdinda, Pasjan Satrimafitrah, Syaiful ' Bahri, A. Razak, D. Puspitasari, Indriani, Aini Auliana Amar","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16290","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut pulp wasted from processed coconut oil has a protein content of up to 18.20%. The potential coconut pulp protein can be processed in protein concentrate which has many benefits. This research was conducted to determine the effect of NaOH and (NH4)2SO4 concentrations in isolating protein and producing protein concentrates that have the highest yield and protein content. Isolation of coconut pulp protein was carried out using NaOH at several concentrations, namely 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1 M, while the protein concentrate was prepared using the salting out method with a saturation level of the ammonium sulfate salt of 55%, 60%, and 65%. Analysis of protein content was carried out using the Kjeldahl method. The use of NaOH 0.2 M and (NH4)2SO4 with a saturation level of 60% was the chosen treatment with crude protein content and yield of 75.63% and 33.83%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"114 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88745651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16155
Yudhi Utomo, Nur Chairini, Muhammad Roy Asrori
Beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) as Indonesian herbal plants contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Beluntas leaf parts can be used as medicine. The content of secondary metabolites in Beluntas leaves acts as a natural antioxidant. Beluntas leaf extraction has not been optimal so far. Microwave assisted extraction can increase the yield. This research aims to study the effect of giving different types of solvents of extraction on Beluntas leaves on the levels of flavonoids and the resulting antioxidant activity, and determine the profile of Beluntas leaf extraction results based on comparative trials of the maceration method and MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). This research was conducted in 4 stages: (1) sample preparation of dried Beluntas leaves, (2) extraction by maceration with various types of solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol, (3) the characteristics of the flavonoid compounds, namely the qualitative test and the quantitative test with AlCl3, and (4) the measurement of antioxidant activity in Beluntas leaf extract using the DPPH method. The results of this study obtained a total flavonoid content of 4.23 mgQE/g which was the result of maceration of the ethyl acetate solvent extract (yield: 5.09%), and all Beluntas leaf extracts in ethyl acetate solvent were included in the category of very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 31.68 μg/mL.
{"title":"Perbandingan Metode Maserasi dan Microwave-Assisted Extraction pada Daun Beluntas dengan Variasi Pelarut dan Uji Antioksidan","authors":"Yudhi Utomo, Nur Chairini, Muhammad Roy Asrori","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16155","url":null,"abstract":"Beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) as Indonesian herbal plants contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Beluntas leaf parts can be used as medicine. The content of secondary metabolites in Beluntas leaves acts as a natural antioxidant. Beluntas leaf extraction has not been optimal so far. Microwave assisted extraction can increase the yield. This research aims to study the effect of giving different types of solvents of extraction on Beluntas leaves on the levels of flavonoids and the resulting antioxidant activity, and determine the profile of Beluntas leaf extraction results based on comparative trials of the maceration method and MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). This research was conducted in 4 stages: (1) sample preparation of dried Beluntas leaves, (2) extraction by maceration with various types of solvents n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol, (3) the characteristics of the flavonoid compounds, namely the qualitative test and the quantitative test with AlCl3, and (4) the measurement of antioxidant activity in Beluntas leaf extract using the DPPH method. The results of this study obtained a total flavonoid content of 4.23 mgQE/g which was the result of maceration of the ethyl acetate solvent extract (yield: 5.09%), and all Beluntas leaf extracts in ethyl acetate solvent were included in the category of very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 31.68 μg/mL.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90369581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16274
A. B. Baunsele, E. G. Boelan, A. M. Kopon, M. Taek, G. D. Tukan, Hildegardis Missa
Methylene blue is a textile dye with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties which can cause various problems for the environment and organisms, therefore it is necessary to treat the waste. This study describes the adsorption of methylene blue using base-activated coconut coir. Coconut coir as waste was prepared into 80 mesh-sized powder and then activated using NaOH solution. The base-activated coconut fiber was then used for methylene blue adsorption under several optimization conditions such as pH, contact time, concentration, and adsorption isotherm. The determination of methylene blue was adsorbed by the adsorbent measured using UV-VIS. The pH and contact time results were 7 and 75 minutes, respectively, with the adsorption capacity (qe) of 1.98 mg g-1 and 99.91%. The isotherm adsorption of blue methylene followed the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 0.2 mg -1. The result showed that the coconut fiber base activated could be used as a dye adsorbent.
{"title":"The Penggunaan Sabut Kelapa Teraktivasi NaOH sebagai Adsorben Metilen Biru","authors":"A. B. Baunsele, E. G. Boelan, A. M. Kopon, M. Taek, G. D. Tukan, Hildegardis Missa","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16274","url":null,"abstract":"Methylene blue is a textile dye with carcinogenic and mutagenic properties which can cause various problems for the environment and organisms, therefore it is necessary to treat the waste. This study describes the adsorption of methylene blue using base-activated coconut coir. Coconut coir as waste was prepared into 80 mesh-sized powder and then activated using NaOH solution. The base-activated coconut fiber was then used for methylene blue adsorption under several optimization conditions such as pH, contact time, concentration, and adsorption isotherm. The determination of methylene blue was adsorbed by the adsorbent measured using UV-VIS. The pH and contact time results were 7 and 75 minutes, respectively, with the adsorption capacity (qe) of 1.98 mg g-1 and 99.91%. The isotherm adsorption of blue methylene followed the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 0.2 mg -1. The result showed that the coconut fiber base activated could be used as a dye adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84108833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16287
Eka Lindawati, Khairuddin Khairuddin, Nurhaeni, Ruslan, Ahmad Ridhay, Husain Sosidi, Erwin Abdul Rahim, Syamsuddin
The local Palu shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) plant is one of the leading products in the Central Sulawesi region. Shallots can experience a decrease in quality if they are contaminated with heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) in amounts that exceed the threshold. This study aims to determine the effect of planting age on cadmium levels in local Palu shallots cultivated in Oloboju Village and Solove Village, Biromaru District, Sigi Regency. The research variables used were the planting age which consisted of 4 levels (age 40, 50, 60, and 70 days), and the planting location which consisted of 2 levels (Solove Village and Oloboju Village). Cd levels were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Cadmium levels in shallot roots at two planting locations decreased with increasing planting age, from 101.34 - 107.18 mg/kg at 40 days of age to 1.68-3.78 mg/kg at 70 days of age. Shallot bulbs at two locations had lower cadmium levels than roots, namely 0.01-0.04 mg/kg. The results of the study found that planting time had a significant effect on cadmium levels in the roots of shallots, but planting age and planting location had no significant effect on cadmium levels in local Palu shallot bulbs with levels that met the SNI (Indonesian national standard) quality requirements
当地的帕卢葱(Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum)植物是苏拉威西中部地区的主导产品之一。如果青葱被重金属污染，比如镉(Cd)的含量超过阈值，它们的质量就会下降。本研究旨在确定种植年龄对锡吉县Biromaru区Oloboju村和Solove村种植的当地帕卢葱镉含量的影响。研究变量为种植年龄(40、50、60、70 d)和种植地点(Solove村和Oloboju村)。采用原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)分析Cd水平。随着种植年龄的增加，两个种植地点的青葱根系镉含量均呈下降趋势，从40日龄时的101.34 ~ 107.18 mg/kg降至70日龄时的1.68 ~ 3.78 mg/kg。两个地点的大葱鳞茎镉含量均低于根茎，为0.01 ~ 0.04 mg/kg。研究结果发现，种植时间对大葱根部镉含量有显著影响，但种植年龄和种植地点对当地帕卢大葱鳞茎镉含量无显著影响，镉含量符合SNI(印尼国家标准)质量要求
{"title":"Analisis Kadar Kadmium (Cd) dalam Bawang Merah Lokal Palu (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) pada Berbagai Lokasi dan Umur Tanam","authors":"Eka Lindawati, Khairuddin Khairuddin, Nurhaeni, Ruslan, Ahmad Ridhay, Husain Sosidi, Erwin Abdul Rahim, Syamsuddin","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16287","url":null,"abstract":"The local Palu shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) plant is one of the leading products in the Central Sulawesi region. Shallots can experience a decrease in quality if they are contaminated with heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) in amounts that exceed the threshold. This study aims to determine the effect of planting age on cadmium levels in local Palu shallots cultivated in Oloboju Village and Solove Village, Biromaru District, Sigi Regency. The research variables used were the planting age which consisted of 4 levels (age 40, 50, 60, and 70 days), and the planting location which consisted of 2 levels (Solove Village and Oloboju Village). Cd levels were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Cadmium levels in shallot roots at two planting locations decreased with increasing planting age, from 101.34 - 107.18 mg/kg at 40 days of age to 1.68-3.78 mg/kg at 70 days of age. Shallot bulbs at two locations had lower cadmium levels than roots, namely 0.01-0.04 mg/kg. The results of the study found that planting time had a significant effect on cadmium levels in the roots of shallots, but planting age and planting location had no significant effect on cadmium levels in local Palu shallot bulbs with levels that met the SNI (Indonesian national standard) quality requirements","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88047418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16340
Imran, Laily Nurliana, M. Natsir, Nohong, L. A. Kadir, La Rudi, Ruslan, Thamrin Azis
Cleome viscosa L. has been used empirically by people on the island to treat diseases that have clinical symptoms such as malaria (fever, sweating, chills, and muscle aches). The purpose of this study was to determine the class of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. The extraction was carried out using the maceration method, while the fractionation was carried out using the separating funnel. The secondary metabolites found in the Cleome viscosa L. plant extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Antioxidant test conducted by DPPH method showed that the positive control of ascorbic acid and methanol extract obtained IC50 values of 3.86 ppm and 37.4 ppm, respectively.
{"title":"Identifikasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Tanaman Cleome viscosa L","authors":"Imran, Laily Nurliana, M. Natsir, Nohong, L. A. Kadir, La Rudi, Ruslan, Thamrin Azis","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16340","url":null,"abstract":"Cleome viscosa L. has been used empirically by people on the island to treat diseases that have clinical symptoms such as malaria (fever, sweating, chills, and muscle aches). The purpose of this study was to determine the class of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. The extraction was carried out using the maceration method, while the fractionation was carried out using the separating funnel. The secondary metabolites found in the Cleome viscosa L. plant extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Antioxidant test conducted by DPPH method showed that the positive control of ascorbic acid and methanol extract obtained IC50 values of 3.86 ppm and 37.4 ppm, respectively.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75132265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gelatin is a type of protein resulting from the partial hydrolysis of collagen found in animals' skin, bones, and connective tissue. Gelatin is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Using Tongkol fish bones as a source of gelatin is a safe alternative for the human body and halal for consumption. Characteristics of gelatin from the bone waste of Tongkol fish extracted with starfruit acid are important to know, therefore it can be used as a substitute for cow and pork skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of Tongkol fish bone gelatin extracted with tamarind starfruit. The extraction method was used in this research using 5 levels of starfruit acid concentration (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) with the ratio of solvent and fish bones 1: 4 (w/v). The use of starfruit acid with a concentration of 40% produced the highest yield with the characteristics of the resulting gelatin having a brownish yellow color, yield of 1.43%, water content of 17%, ash content of 15%, degree of acidity (pH) of 6.5 and protein content of 47.98%.
{"title":"Ekstraksi Gelatin dari Tulang Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) dengan Menggunakan Asam Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L)","authors":"Musafira Musafira, Sulistiawati, Rismawati Sikanna","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16315","url":null,"abstract":"Gelatin is a type of protein resulting from the partial hydrolysis of collagen found in animals' skin, bones, and connective tissue. Gelatin is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Using Tongkol fish bones as a source of gelatin is a safe alternative for the human body and halal for consumption. Characteristics of gelatin from the bone waste of Tongkol fish extracted with starfruit acid are important to know, therefore it can be used as a substitute for cow and pork skin. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of Tongkol fish bone gelatin extracted with tamarind starfruit. The extraction method was used in this research using 5 levels of starfruit acid concentration (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) with the ratio of solvent and fish bones 1: 4 (w/v). The use of starfruit acid with a concentration of 40% produced the highest yield with the characteristics of the resulting gelatin having a brownish yellow color, yield of 1.43%, water content of 17%, ash content of 15%, degree of acidity (pH) of 6.5 and protein content of 47.98%. ","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73154733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16281
Khoirul Ngibad, Afidatul Muadifah, Datin An Nisa Sukmawati
Antioxidant compounds are able to dampen or ward off free radicals. Living things including pearl mussels (Pinctada maxima) can produce secondary metabolite compounds (phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids). There have been no studies on the antioxidant potential, flavonoid content, and total phenolics of pearl clam shells. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of pearl clam shell ethanol extract (EECKM) in vitro using the DPPH method. In addition, it aims to determine the total flavonoid and phenolic levels of EECKM. The powder of pearl mussel shells is soaked with ethanol and the filtrate is concentrated until a concentrated extract is obtained. Flavonoid and phenolic levels from EECKM were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. EECKM has a yield of 1.73%, flavonoid levels of 0 mg QE/g, and total phenolics of 4.8 mg GAE/g. The extract has the highest antioxidant activity for a concentration of 100 mg / L with a percent value of DPPH radical inhibition of 67.1%.
{"title":"Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kadar Flavonoid, dan Fenolik Total Cangkang Kerang Mutiara (Pinctada maxima)","authors":"Khoirul Ngibad, Afidatul Muadifah, Datin An Nisa Sukmawati","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16281","url":null,"abstract":"Antioxidant compounds are able to dampen or ward off free radicals. Living things including pearl mussels (Pinctada maxima) can produce secondary metabolite compounds (phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids). There have been no studies on the antioxidant potential, flavonoid content, and total phenolics of pearl clam shells. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of pearl clam shell ethanol extract (EECKM) in vitro using the DPPH method. In addition, it aims to determine the total flavonoid and phenolic levels of EECKM. The powder of pearl mussel shells is soaked with ethanol and the filtrate is concentrated until a concentrated extract is obtained. Flavonoid and phenolic levels from EECKM were measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Measurement of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. EECKM has a yield of 1.73%, flavonoid levels of 0 mg QE/g, and total phenolics of 4.8 mg GAE/g. The extract has the highest antioxidant activity for a concentration of 100 mg / L with a percent value of DPPH radical inhibition of 67.1%.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79997900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16275
Tika Paramitha, Khoirunnisa Utami, Yuki Anggraini, Tifa Paramitha
Semiconductors are materials that range between insulators and conductors in terms of conductivity value. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor that is widely applied to various things. TiO2 has the benefits, such as being environmentally stable and inexpensive. TiO2 is photoactive in the range of ultraviolet radiation due to the band gap value of 3.2 eV. However, ultraviolet is only produced from 5% of sunlight. The research aimed to narrow the band gap energy so as to maximize light absorption. This is done by modification with the addition of Mg elements to TiO2 materials at different mass variations of Mg (1%, 1.5%, 2%) to the mass of TiO2 which is often referred to as doping. TiO2 was doped by Mg using a hydrothermal method for 24 hours with a temperature of 180ᵒC, followed by 2 hours of calcination at 400ᵒC. Then, TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particles were characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis. Based on the results of TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particle characterization using SEM, both particles are spherical in shape. The success of Mg doping was identified from the data of EDX characterization, which revealed that the mass % of the Mg component increased with the greater Mg doping concentration on TiO2 particles. There was no structural change following Mg doping on TiO2 particles, as evidenced by the same peak based on the results of FTIR characterization of TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particles. Moreover, a 2% Mg mass doping on pure TiO2 resulted in a decrease in band gap energy to 3.16 eV, in which the pure TiO2 was 3.39 eV. The mass doping of Mg on TiO2 required further optimization to obtain the maximum band gap energy reduction for photocatalytic applications.
{"title":"Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Semikonduktor TiO2 Doping Magnesium dengan Metode Hidrotermal","authors":"Tika Paramitha, Khoirunnisa Utami, Yuki Anggraini, Tifa Paramitha","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16275","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductors are materials that range between insulators and conductors in terms of conductivity value. Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor that is widely applied to various things. TiO2 has the benefits, such as being environmentally stable and inexpensive. TiO2 is photoactive in the range of ultraviolet radiation due to the band gap value of 3.2 eV. However, ultraviolet is only produced from 5% of sunlight. The research aimed to narrow the band gap energy so as to maximize light absorption. This is done by modification with the addition of Mg elements to TiO2 materials at different mass variations of Mg (1%, 1.5%, 2%) to the mass of TiO2 which is often referred to as doping. TiO2 was doped by Mg using a hydrothermal method for 24 hours with a temperature of 180ᵒC, followed by 2 hours of calcination at 400ᵒC. Then, TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particles were characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, and UV-Vis. Based on the results of TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particle characterization using SEM, both particles are spherical in shape. The success of Mg doping was identified from the data of EDX characterization, which revealed that the mass % of the Mg component increased with the greater Mg doping concentration on TiO2 particles. There was no structural change following Mg doping on TiO2 particles, as evidenced by the same peak based on the results of FTIR characterization of TiO2 and Mg-doped TiO2 particles. Moreover, a 2% Mg mass doping on pure TiO2 resulted in a decrease in band gap energy to 3.16 eV, in which the pure TiO2 was 3.39 eV. The mass doping of Mg on TiO2 required further optimization to obtain the maximum band gap energy reduction for photocatalytic applications.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75797688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16178
R. Mahmudah, Ufilia Quthrotun Nada, Sakinatul Aulia
Vegetable oil theoretically and experimentally has proven its potential as an alternative solvent in the extraction of natural materials. Turmeric infused with virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a way to take advantage of the active compounds from the herbs and the oil itself. This study aims to determine the ability of the VCO solvent in extracting curcumin compounds from turmeric with the addition of tween 80 surfactants. The extraction method used was maceration at 60℃ and an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz for 15 minutes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative analysis of each herbal oil extract using chloroform: methanol (95:5) eluent and FTIR spectrophotometer to identify functional groups. The highest curcumin content was found in herbal oil with tween 80 of 2 ml, namely 31 ppm in maceration extraction and 260.7 ppm in ultrasonic extraction. Identification of curcumin functional groups in herbal oils showed absorption patterns of O-H, C=O, aromatic C=C, C-O-C, and C-H.
{"title":"Analisis Kadar Kurkumin pada Herbal Oil Kunyit Ekstrak Virgin Coconut Oil dengan Metode Ultrasonik dan Maserasi","authors":"R. Mahmudah, Ufilia Quthrotun Nada, Sakinatul Aulia","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16178","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetable oil theoretically and experimentally has proven its potential as an alternative solvent in the extraction of natural materials. Turmeric infused with virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a way to take advantage of the active compounds from the herbs and the oil itself. This study aims to determine the ability of the VCO solvent in extracting curcumin compounds from turmeric with the addition of tween 80 surfactants. The extraction method used was maceration at 60℃ and an ultrasonic frequency of 40 kHz for 15 minutes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used for qualitative analysis of each herbal oil extract using chloroform: methanol (95:5) eluent and FTIR spectrophotometer to identify functional groups. The highest curcumin content was found in herbal oil with tween 80 of 2 ml, namely 31 ppm in maceration extraction and 260.7 ppm in ultrasonic extraction. Identification of curcumin functional groups in herbal oils showed absorption patterns of O-H, C=O, aromatic C=C, C-O-C, and C-H.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-21DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16292
Lisma Habiba, Nov Irmawati Inda, Prismawiryanti, Husain Sosidi, N. Sumarni, D. Puspitasari, Moh. Mirzan, Jusman
Corn cobs which generally only become waste can be processed into activated carbon and used for the absorption of heavy metals, such as copper(II) ions. This study aims to determine the morphology of corn cobs charcoal after activation, determine the isothermal adsorption model of copper (II) metal ions on corncob-activated carbon, and then determine the adsorption capacity of copper (II) metal ions on corncob-activated carbon. The morphology of the corncob-activated charcoal obtained was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Isothermal adsorption of copper (II) ions was carried out with various concentrations of copper (II) ions of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ppm. The results of the analysis using SEM showed that the surface shape of the corncob-activated charcoal is regular and has pores with a pore diameter obtained in the range between 1.08-1.26 m and 1.38-1.59 m. The mechanism of adsorption of copper (II) ions by corncob-activated charcoal using KMnO4, following the Freundlich isothermal model with a value of R2 0.9993 with an adsorption capacity of 51 x 10-4 mmol/L. The utilization of activated carbon from corn cobs that are activated by potassium permanganate is very effective for adsorbing copper metal ion pollutants through an adsorption mechanism on the surface of activated carbon.
{"title":"Isotermal Adsorpsi Ion Tembaga (II) Menggunakan Arang Tongkol Jagung (Zea mays L.) Teraktivasi Kalium Permanganat","authors":"Lisma Habiba, Nov Irmawati Inda, Prismawiryanti, Husain Sosidi, N. Sumarni, D. Puspitasari, Moh. Mirzan, Jusman","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2023.v9.i1.16292","url":null,"abstract":"Corn cobs which generally only become waste can be processed into activated carbon and used for the absorption of heavy metals, such as copper(II) ions. This study aims to determine the morphology of corn cobs charcoal after activation, determine the isothermal adsorption model of copper (II) metal ions on corncob-activated carbon, and then determine the adsorption capacity of copper (II) metal ions on corncob-activated carbon. The morphology of the corncob-activated charcoal obtained was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Isothermal adsorption of copper (II) ions was carried out with various concentrations of copper (II) ions of 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ppm. The results of the analysis using SEM showed that the surface shape of the corncob-activated charcoal is regular and has pores with a pore diameter obtained in the range between 1.08-1.26 m and 1.38-1.59 m. The mechanism of adsorption of copper (II) ions by corncob-activated charcoal using KMnO4, following the Freundlich isothermal model with a value of R2 0.9993 with an adsorption capacity of 51 x 10-4 mmol/L. The utilization of activated carbon from corn cobs that are activated by potassium permanganate is very effective for adsorbing copper metal ion pollutants through an adsorption mechanism on the surface of activated carbon.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83900115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：