Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16133
L. Dewi, Ginayanti Hadiesobroto, Hesty Nuur Hanifah
The pharmaceutical industry liquid waste is one of the wastes that have the potential to produce waste containing heavy metals. One of the highest metal contaminants originating from the pharmaceutical industry is lead (Pb). Pb metal can cause health problems and pollute the environment. One way to treat Pb waste is by the adsorption process using bioadsorbent. The eggshell waste can be used as an adsorbent to absorb heavy metals. The eggshell contains calcium carbonate, therefore it can be used as an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the optimum pH, optimum mixing time, and optimum mass of chicken eggshell powder and duck eggshell powder, and to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of adsorption between chicken eggshell powder and duck eggshell powder as bioadsorbent of heavy metal Pb in pharmaceutical industry wastewater by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. The results showed that the eggshell samples had the optimum pH at pH 4, the optimum mixing time was 45 minutes, and the optimum mass was 125 mg, with the effectiveness of Pb adsorption of 92.75%. While the duck eggshell samples obtained the optimum pH at pH 2, the optimum mixing time was 30 minutes, and the optimum mass was 125 mg, with the effectiveness of Pb adsorption of 93.66%. Chicken and duck eggshells have the potential to be used as an alternative bioadsorbent in wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Potensi Cangkang Telur Ayam dan Cangkang Telur Bebek sebagai Bioadsorben Logam Pb dari Limbah Cair Industri Farmasi","authors":"L. Dewi, Ginayanti Hadiesobroto, Hesty Nuur Hanifah","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16133","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmaceutical industry liquid waste is one of the wastes that have the potential to produce waste containing heavy metals. One of the highest metal contaminants originating from the pharmaceutical industry is lead (Pb). Pb metal can cause health problems and pollute the environment. One way to treat Pb waste is by the adsorption process using bioadsorbent. The eggshell waste can be used as an adsorbent to absorb heavy metals. The eggshell contains calcium carbonate, therefore it can be used as an adsorbent. This study aims to determine the optimum pH, optimum mixing time, and optimum mass of chicken eggshell powder and duck eggshell powder, and to determine the comparison of the effectiveness of adsorption between chicken eggshell powder and duck eggshell powder as bioadsorbent of heavy metal Pb in pharmaceutical industry wastewater by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) at a wavelength of 283.3 nm. The results showed that the eggshell samples had the optimum pH at pH 4, the optimum mixing time was 45 minutes, and the optimum mass was 125 mg, with the effectiveness of Pb adsorption of 92.75%. While the duck eggshell samples obtained the optimum pH at pH 2, the optimum mixing time was 30 minutes, and the optimum mass was 125 mg, with the effectiveness of Pb adsorption of 93.66%. Chicken and duck eggshells have the potential to be used as an alternative bioadsorbent in wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88195033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16175
F. Laila, Ika Resmeliana, Wina Yulianti, A. Supardan
Dayak onion bulbs are a plant originating from Kalimantan which has been used for generations to treat various diseases. This plant is quite easy to grow and develop in many places in Indonesia. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs based on the total of the phenolic and flavonoids contents and also the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, ferric reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The results showed the total phenolic and flavonoid methanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs were 14.49 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g dry weight and 5.41 ± 1.01 mg QE/g dry weight, respectively. Antioxidant activity as measured by the DPPH, total antioxidant capacity, and ferric reduction assay with IC50 values of 16.95 ± 1.58 μg/mL, 24.22 ± 2.51 µg/mL, and 85.40 ± 16.88 µg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the methanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs has potential bioactive compounds with good antioxidant activity and can be developed as an effective and safe source of natural compounds for functional food or herbal medicine.
{"title":"Evaluasi Kadar Senyawa Fenolat, Flavonoid Total, serta Aktivitas Antioksidan Secara in vitro dalam Ekstrak Metanol Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr","authors":"F. Laila, Ika Resmeliana, Wina Yulianti, A. Supardan","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16175","url":null,"abstract":"Dayak onion bulbs are a plant originating from Kalimantan which has been used for generations to treat various diseases. This plant is quite easy to grow and develop in many places in Indonesia. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs based on the total of the phenolic and flavonoids contents and also the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, ferric reducing power and total antioxidant capacity. The results showed the total phenolic and flavonoid methanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs were 14.49 ± 1.42 mg GAE/g dry weight and 5.41 ± 1.01 mg QE/g dry weight, respectively. Antioxidant activity as measured by the DPPH, total antioxidant capacity, and ferric reduction assay with IC50 values of 16.95 ± 1.58 μg/mL, 24.22 ± 2.51 µg/mL, and 85.40 ± 16.88 µg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the methanol extract of Dayak onion bulbs has potential bioactive compounds with good antioxidant activity and can be developed as an effective and safe source of natural compounds for functional food or herbal medicine.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80744605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16090
Gatut Ari Wardani, Adinda Nur Octavia, Mochamad Fathurohman, Taufik Hidayat, Estin Nofiyanti
Currently, antibiotics are considered environmental pollutants because of their undesirable effects on human health and the environment, including the waste of antibiotics tetracycline hydrochloride. While on the other hand, bagasse is an agricultural waste that has no economic value. This study aims to study the characteristics of activated charcoal from bagasse and the use of bagasse as chitosan-modified activated charcoal using the column method to determine the variation of adsorbent height, flow rate, and acidity of the solution in the ability of the bagasse adsorbent to adsorb tetracycline hydrochloride. Bagasse goes through a carbonation process using a furnace at a temperature of 350°C until charcoal is formed. The next process is activation using 2 M phosphoric acids and compared based on SNI 06-3730-1995 regarding technically activated charcoal. Determination of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infra-Red, adsorbent morphology using Scanning Electron Microscope, and crystallinity using X-Ray Diffraction. The concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride before and after adsorption was measured using an Ultra Violet-Visible spectrophotometer. The best absorption results in the adsorption process were found at the adsorbent height of 14 cm (99%), the flow rate of 0.5mL/minute (92%), and pH 4 (93%).
{"title":"Arang Aktif Ampas Tebu Termodifikasi Kitosan sebagai Adsorben Tetrasiklin: Pemanfaatan Metode Kolom","authors":"Gatut Ari Wardani, Adinda Nur Octavia, Mochamad Fathurohman, Taufik Hidayat, Estin Nofiyanti","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16090","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, antibiotics are considered environmental pollutants because of their undesirable effects on human health and the environment, including the waste of antibiotics tetracycline hydrochloride. While on the other hand, bagasse is an agricultural waste that has no economic value. This study aims to study the characteristics of activated charcoal from bagasse and the use of bagasse as chitosan-modified activated charcoal using the column method to determine the variation of adsorbent height, flow rate, and acidity of the solution in the ability of the bagasse adsorbent to adsorb tetracycline hydrochloride. Bagasse goes through a carbonation process using a furnace at a temperature of 350°C until charcoal is formed. The next process is activation using 2 M phosphoric acids and compared based on SNI 06-3730-1995 regarding technically activated charcoal. Determination of functional groups using Fourier Transform Infra-Red, adsorbent morphology using Scanning Electron Microscope, and crystallinity using X-Ray Diffraction. The concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride before and after adsorption was measured using an Ultra Violet-Visible spectrophotometer. The best absorption results in the adsorption process were found at the adsorbent height of 14 cm (99%), the flow rate of 0.5mL/minute (92%), and pH 4 (93%).","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16127
Asniati, Muthmainnah
Durian wood is one type of wood that has a low level of durability, therefore it is necessary to make efforts to increase the durability of wood. These efforts can be done by preserving the durian wood by using natural preservatives, namely ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves. Ebony and soursop leaves extracts were used as natural preservatives with different concentrations using the cold soak method on durian wood. The research conducted aims to determine the effect of extract concentration on the retention of preservatives. Ebony leaves and soursop leaves were extracted by maceration method in 96% ethanol solvent for 24 hours. The durian wood sample was preserved using the cold soaking method for 1 hour using ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves extract at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The results showed that the highest retention of preservatives from ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves extract was the use of 3% concentrations of 0.661 kg/m³ and 0.676 kg/m³, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the extract concentration had a significant effect on the retention value. The concentration of preservatives from ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves is directly proportional to the retention value of preservatives. Preservative retention of soursop leaves extract is better than ebony leaves extract.
{"title":"Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Eboni dan Daun Sirsak Terhadap Retensi Bahan Pengawet pada Kayu Durian (Durio zibethinus)","authors":"Asniati, Muthmainnah","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16127","url":null,"abstract":"Durian wood is one type of wood that has a low level of durability, therefore it is necessary to make efforts to increase the durability of wood. These efforts can be done by preserving the durian wood by using natural preservatives, namely ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves. Ebony and soursop leaves extracts were used as natural preservatives with different concentrations using the cold soak method on durian wood. The research conducted aims to determine the effect of extract concentration on the retention of preservatives. Ebony leaves and soursop leaves were extracted by maceration method in 96% ethanol solvent for 24 hours. The durian wood sample was preserved using the cold soaking method for 1 hour using ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves extract at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. The results showed that the highest retention of preservatives from ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves extract was the use of 3% concentrations of 0.661 kg/m³ and 0.676 kg/m³, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance showed that the extract concentration had a significant effect on the retention value. The concentration of preservatives from ebony leaves extract and soursop leaves is directly proportional to the retention value of preservatives. Preservative retention of soursop leaves extract is better than ebony leaves extract.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86371809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16023
Widya Yeni Rawati, Warsono, Sri Widarti
One example of an electrolysis practicum module at the Chemistry Laboratory is the plating of copper on low-carbon steel metal with cyanide as the electrolyte. This cyanide electrolyte is commonly known as Zonax Copper. Due to the dangerous cyanide content, a replacement electrolyte that is safe, cheap, and easy to obtain for student practicum scales is sought. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum temperature and composition of copper acetate-acetic acid as indicated by the largest current efficiency value. The composition of Cu-Acetate/Acetic Acid varied 0.2/0.4; 0.4/0.6; 0.6/1.2; 0.8/1.6, and 1/2 gram/250 mL. The coating process was carried out at temperatures of 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60oC with an electrodeposition time of 10 minutes. The results show that the highest current efficiency was found in the composition (CH3COO)2Cu/CH3COOH 1gram/ 2 ml, temperature 45℃ by 93%. The effect of temperature on current efficiency is in the form of a second-order polynomial with a correlation of research results >90%. The average maximum temperature is 42.68oC and the largest current efficiency is 96% at a concentration of (CH3COO)2Cu/CH3COOH 0.6 gr/1.2 ml. The current efficiency is directly proportional to the logarithmic concentration at temperatures of 30, 40, 45, and 50oC.
{"title":"Pengaruh dari Konsentrasi Elektrolit Tembaga Asetat-Asam Asetat dan Temperatur terhadap Efisiensi Arus pada Elektrodeposisi Baja Karbon Rendah dengan Tembaga","authors":"Widya Yeni Rawati, Warsono, Sri Widarti","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i3.16023","url":null,"abstract":"One example of an electrolysis practicum module at the Chemistry Laboratory is the plating of copper on low-carbon steel metal with cyanide as the electrolyte. This cyanide electrolyte is commonly known as Zonax Copper. Due to the dangerous cyanide content, a replacement electrolyte that is safe, cheap, and easy to obtain for student practicum scales is sought. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum temperature and composition of copper acetate-acetic acid as indicated by the largest current efficiency value. The composition of Cu-Acetate/Acetic Acid varied 0.2/0.4; 0.4/0.6; 0.6/1.2; 0.8/1.6, and 1/2 gram/250 mL. The coating process was carried out at temperatures of 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60oC with an electrodeposition time of 10 minutes. The results show that the highest current efficiency was found in the composition (CH3COO)2Cu/CH3COOH 1gram/ 2 ml, temperature 45℃ by 93%. The effect of temperature on current efficiency is in the form of a second-order polynomial with a correlation of research results >90%. The average maximum temperature is 42.68oC and the largest current efficiency is 96% at a concentration of (CH3COO)2Cu/CH3COOH 0.6 gr/1.2 ml. The current efficiency is directly proportional to the logarithmic concentration at temperatures of 30, 40, 45, and 50oC.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91478283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are like the pharmaceutical industry that provides products that have the potential as active medicinal ingredients. In order to search for compounds useful for health, the purpose of this study was to identify secondary metabolites of Curcuma mango (temu mango) growing in the experimental garden of Biopharmaca LPPM IPB and review its activity as antibacterial. Identification begins with phytochemical screening, then separation and purification by chromatographic techniques. Intersection mango simplicia was extracted with methanol, and the crude extract of methanol was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The n-hexane soluble fraction was carried out by phytochemical tests, fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography (KCV) and radial (KR), and the selected fractions was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The results of the phytochemical test of the soluble n-hexane fraction showed a positive presence of alkaloids and terpenoids through successive tests with Mayer, Wagner, Dragendorff (alkaloid), and Lieberman-Burchard reagents. Fractionation of the n-hexane soluble fraction with KCV resulted in 9 fractions (H1-H9) and the H5 fraction showed good separation between spots in the n-hexane: ethyl acetate eluent mixture (97:3). Purification of H5 with KR obtained 7 fractions (H5.1-H5.7). Based on LC-MS/MS, the H5.2 fraction was dominated by the terpenoid group, and the results of the literature review showed the contribution of terpenoids as antibacterial compounds
{"title":"Identifikasi Senyawa Fraksi Larut n-Heksana Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Val) Menggunakan LC-MS/MS dan Review Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri","authors":"Purwantinigsih Sugita, Risda Fardilya Nihayah, Moch Ikkbal Aditya Kasmaran, Gustini Syahbirin, Auliya Ilmiawati, Budi Arifin, Luthfan Irfana","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15897","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are like the pharmaceutical industry that provides products that have the potential as active medicinal ingredients. In order to search for compounds useful for health, the purpose of this study was to identify secondary metabolites of Curcuma mango (temu mango) growing in the experimental garden of Biopharmaca LPPM IPB and review its activity as antibacterial. Identification begins with phytochemical screening, then separation and purification by chromatographic techniques. Intersection mango simplicia was extracted with methanol, and the crude extract of methanol was partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, respectively. The n-hexane soluble fraction was carried out by phytochemical tests, fractionation by vacuum liquid chromatography (KCV) and radial (KR), and the selected fractions was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The results of the phytochemical test of the soluble n-hexane fraction showed a positive presence of alkaloids and terpenoids through successive tests with Mayer, Wagner, Dragendorff (alkaloid), and Lieberman-Burchard reagents. Fractionation of the n-hexane soluble fraction with KCV resulted in 9 fractions (H1-H9) and the H5 fraction showed good separation between spots in the n-hexane: ethyl acetate eluent mixture (97:3). Purification of H5 with KR obtained 7 fractions (H5.1-H5.7). Based on LC-MS/MS, the H5.2 fraction was dominated by the terpenoid group, and the results of the literature review showed the contribution of terpenoids as antibacterial compounds","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"183 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72582804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15955
Isna Lailatusholihah, Roto, A. Kuncaka, Ninik Triayu Susparini
Boron analysis by UV-Vis spectrophotometry has been developed through distilling triethoxy borane into the curcumin solution. In the distillation of ester borane, an esterification reaction occurs between borate and ethanol. Validation of isothermal distillation methods by UV-Vis spectrometry needs to be done to obtain specific, accurate, and reproducible results. The distillation for 24 hours at 25°C gave the optimum result. UV-Vis spectrophotometry wavelength was 535 nm. The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 1-5 ppm (R2 = 0.9995) with a sensitivity of 0.0902 ppm-1, a limit of detection of 0.002±0.001 ppm, the limit of quantification of 0.006±0.001 ppm, and percent recovery of 88%.
{"title":"Validation of Boron Analytical Methods on Standard Reference Material Tomato Leaves from NIST No. 1573a with Isothermal Distillation by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry","authors":"Isna Lailatusholihah, Roto, A. Kuncaka, Ninik Triayu Susparini","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15955","url":null,"abstract":"Boron analysis by UV-Vis spectrophotometry has been developed through distilling triethoxy borane into the curcumin solution. In the distillation of ester borane, an esterification reaction occurs between borate and ethanol. Validation of isothermal distillation methods by UV-Vis spectrometry needs to be done to obtain specific, accurate, and reproducible results. The distillation for 24 hours at 25°C gave the optimum result. UV-Vis spectrophotometry wavelength was 535 nm. The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 1-5 ppm (R2 = 0.9995) with a sensitivity of 0.0902 ppm-1, a limit of detection of 0.002±0.001 ppm, the limit of quantification of 0.006±0.001 ppm, and percent recovery of 88%.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86564967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15914
Abner Tonu Lema, C. Sabuna, Yehezkial Wila Balu
Zeolite Natural Ende (ZNE) is a local material from Ende, East Nusa Tenggara which can be used as an adsorbent candidate to reduce environmental pollution due to poultry farm wastes. The purpose of this study is to obtain optimal conditions and adsorption kinetics of ZNE as an adsorbent in terms of absorbing NH3, water content, and neutralizing pH on broiler litter. This study consisted of 3 stages such as sample preparation, optimization of acid concentration, particle size, contact time, adsorbate concentration, as well as determination of ZNE-methylene blue adsorption kinetics. The results of the analysis revealed that the best conditions are using 1 M H2SO4, particle size 80 mesh, contact time for 30 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 1.999 mg/g, and methylene blue 80 ppm as an optimal condition. Furthermore, ZNE-methylene blue adsorption kinetics model is the second order type 1 kinetics by R2 = 1, and also adsorption rate constant is 0.0019 g.mg-1.min
{"title":"Optimization and Kinetic Study of Ende-Natural Zeolite as Candidates of Ammonia Adsorbent on Broiler Chicken Litter","authors":"Abner Tonu Lema, C. Sabuna, Yehezkial Wila Balu","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15914","url":null,"abstract":"Zeolite Natural Ende (ZNE) is a local material from Ende, East Nusa Tenggara which can be used as an adsorbent candidate to reduce environmental pollution due to poultry farm wastes. The purpose of this study is to obtain optimal conditions and adsorption kinetics of ZNE as an adsorbent in terms of absorbing NH3, water content, and neutralizing pH on broiler litter. This study consisted of 3 stages such as sample preparation, optimization of acid concentration, particle size, contact time, adsorbate concentration, as well as determination of ZNE-methylene blue adsorption kinetics. The results of the analysis revealed that the best conditions are using 1 M H2SO4, particle size 80 mesh, contact time for 30 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 1.999 mg/g, and methylene blue 80 ppm as an optimal condition. Furthermore, ZNE-methylene blue adsorption kinetics model is the second order type 1 kinetics by R2 = 1, and also adsorption rate constant is 0.0019 g.mg-1.min","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84832540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15900
Retno Indarti, Agustinus Ngatin, Robby Sudarman, Tifa Paramitha, R. Sihombing
Water-based adhesive was one of the most important media for bonding substrates to one another because of their environmental friendly character. Previously, in the application of hardwood adhesives such as Ulin and Merbau, the type of adhesive used was a two-component system. For this reason, a one-component water-based adhesive was introduced in this study. The advantage of these was environmental friendly and high durability. In this application, delamination was one of the important parameters to determine whether the adhesive used was well penetrated or not. For this reason, delamination will be the main parameter in this study. This research includes the preparation of tools and materials, manufacture of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) solution, polymerization of polyvinyl acetate by mixing the main raw material of vinyl acetate monomer and PVOH solution using APS (ammonium persulfate) initiator. The polymerization process was carried out at 1 atm pressure and 75oC – 80oC temperature accompanied by stirring with ±500 rpm rotation rate. Final product is a homopolymer PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) with PVOH Z-210 with AAEM (acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate) content having an acetoxy functional group. A delamination test was carried out on the final product with a modified test based on Japanese Agricultural Standard 1152 where the product was immersed in water for 360 minutes, then placed in an oven at 40oC for 18 hours. Samples using PVOH with AAEM content have an average delamination rate of 0.67-1.67% while existing products on the market have an average delamination rate of 45.83-52.08%.
{"title":"Delaminasi Perekat Polivinil Asetat Berbasis Air Satu Komponen untuk Aplikasi Kayu Keras Ulin dan Merbau","authors":"Retno Indarti, Agustinus Ngatin, Robby Sudarman, Tifa Paramitha, R. Sihombing","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15900","url":null,"abstract":"Water-based adhesive was one of the most important media for bonding substrates to one another because of their environmental friendly character. Previously, in the application of hardwood adhesives such as Ulin and Merbau, the type of adhesive used was a two-component system. For this reason, a one-component water-based adhesive was introduced in this study. The advantage of these was environmental friendly and high durability. In this application, delamination was one of the important parameters to determine whether the adhesive used was well penetrated or not. For this reason, delamination will be the main parameter in this study. This research includes the preparation of tools and materials, manufacture of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) solution, polymerization of polyvinyl acetate by mixing the main raw material of vinyl acetate monomer and PVOH solution using APS (ammonium persulfate) initiator. The polymerization process was carried out at 1 atm pressure and 75oC – 80oC temperature accompanied by stirring with ±500 rpm rotation rate. Final product is a homopolymer PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) with PVOH Z-210 with AAEM (acetoacetoxy ethyl methacrylate) content having an acetoxy functional group. A delamination test was carried out on the final product with a modified test based on Japanese Agricultural Standard 1152 where the product was immersed in water for 360 minutes, then placed in an oven at 40oC for 18 hours. Samples using PVOH with AAEM content have an average delamination rate of 0.67-1.67% while existing products on the market have an average delamination rate of 45.83-52.08%.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77174921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15820
Joni Tandi, Dewi Astuti, M. Magfirah, T. Handayani
Utilization of natural preparations is a treatment carried out by the community with the aim of improving health status naturally. Traditional medicine has become an alternative for the community due to the relatively high cost of modern medicine. One of the diseases with a high financing burden is kidney disease, which is after heart and blood vessel disease. This study aims to determine the potential of traditional medicinal preparations of Herbal Oil STIFA Pelita Mas on the state of urea and creatinine concentrations in experimental animals, this research used white male rats divided into six treatments. Determination of urea and creatinine levels was carried out starting from days 1, 7, 14, 21 to 28, then normality and homogeneity tests were carried out, and parametric statistics were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the administration of STIFA Pelita Mas Herbal Oil in Formula 1, 2, and 3 had urea levels of 42.60 mg/dL, 28.64 mg/dL, and 51.46 mg/dL, respectively. The average values of creatinine in Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 0.73 mg/dL, 0.63 mg/dL, and 0.92 mg/dL, respectively. The administration of Formula 2 was effective in reducing the concentration of urea and creatinine. Pelita Mas herbal oil preparation can be used as a medicine to improve kidney structure.
{"title":"Potensi Minyak Herbal STIFA Pelita Mas Terhadap Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin Tikus Kondisi Hiperglikemik","authors":"Joni Tandi, Dewi Astuti, M. Magfirah, T. Handayani","doi":"10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22487/kovalen.2022.v8.i2.15820","url":null,"abstract":"Utilization of natural preparations is a treatment carried out by the community with the aim of improving health status naturally. Traditional medicine has become an alternative for the community due to the relatively high cost of modern medicine. One of the diseases with a high financing burden is kidney disease, which is after heart and blood vessel disease. This study aims to determine the potential of traditional medicinal preparations of Herbal Oil STIFA Pelita Mas on the state of urea and creatinine concentrations in experimental animals, this research used white male rats divided into six treatments. Determination of urea and creatinine levels was carried out starting from days 1, 7, 14, 21 to 28, then normality and homogeneity tests were carried out, and parametric statistics were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the administration of STIFA Pelita Mas Herbal Oil in Formula 1, 2, and 3 had urea levels of 42.60 mg/dL, 28.64 mg/dL, and 51.46 mg/dL, respectively. The average values of creatinine in Formula 1, 2, and 3 were 0.73 mg/dL, 0.63 mg/dL, and 0.92 mg/dL, respectively. The administration of Formula 2 was effective in reducing the concentration of urea and creatinine. Pelita Mas herbal oil preparation can be used as a medicine to improve kidney structure.","PeriodicalId":17905,"journal":{"name":"KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90433975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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