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Survey and restoration of outdoor glass reinforced polyester sculptures 户外玻璃钢雕塑的调查与修复
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0017
V. Knotek, J. Červinka, Z. Křenková
Abstract The beginning of the use of polyester resins for artistic work date back to the late 1950s. Initially, resins were supposed to temporarily replace and imitate traditional but more expensive sculptural materials (stone, bronze). Later, original, especially fiberglass works were created, where the laminate formed a shell connected to the internal supporting steel structure. Until now, only part of the exterior works of art made of polyester resins have been survived. Although polyester resins are considered to have good weather resistance, most exterior sculptures exhibit more or less severe defects, often resulting from neglected maintenance. The main types of defects occurring in polyester fiberglass works are presented. The most serious damage is cracks in the entire thickness of the shell, because water can easily penetrate to the internal steel structure. In the case of prolonged water penetration, the statue may collapse due to corrosion. The article presents the procedure of exploring the fiberglass sculpture from the 1950s with the introduction of suitable methods for the documentation of the state of the work. Finally, suitable restoration interventions to maximize the life of the statues are discussed.
摘要聚酯树脂在艺术作品中的应用可以追溯到20世纪50年代末。最初,树脂被认为是暂时取代和模仿传统但更昂贵的雕塑材料(石头、青铜)。后来,最初的,特别是玻璃纤维作品被创造出来,在那里,层压材料形成了一个连接到内部支撑钢结构的外壳。到目前为止,只有一部分由聚酯树脂制成的外部艺术品幸存下来。尽管聚酯树脂被认为具有良好的耐候性,但大多数外部雕塑或多或少都会出现严重的缺陷,通常是由于疏忽维护造成的。介绍了聚酯玻璃钢生产中出现的主要缺陷类型。最严重的损坏是整个外壳厚度的裂缝,因为水很容易渗透到内部钢结构中。在长时间渗水的情况下,雕像可能会因腐蚀而倒塌。本文介绍了从20世纪50年代开始探索玻璃纤维雕塑的过程,并介绍了记录作品状态的合适方法。最后,讨论了适当的修复干预措施,以最大限度地延长雕像的寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Static corrosion tests of iron-based biomaterials in the environment of simulated body fluids 铁基生物材料在模拟体液环境中的静态腐蚀试验
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0015
R. Gorejová, R. Oriňaková, A. Oriňak, M. Kupková, M. Hrubovčáková, M. Baláž
Abstract Biodegradable metallic implants are materials that serve as a temporary implants and scaffolds. They degrade directly in vivo and therefore eliminate need for secondary surgical intervention. They are often made of metals such as magnesium, iron, zinc and can be modified by coating with the inorganic or polymeric layer. In this work iron-based biomaterial was prepared and modified with polymeric (polyethyleneimine, PEI) layer. Its degradation behavior was studied under conditions of simulated body fluids at 37 ± 0.2 °C in the form of static immersion tests. It has been shown that the surface modification caused an acceleration of degradation of the material and also had an influence on the corrosion mechanism.
生物可降解金属植入物是一种临时植入物和支架材料。它们在体内直接降解,因此无需二次手术干预。它们通常由镁、铁、锌等金属制成,并可通过涂覆无机或聚合物层进行改性。本文制备了铁基生物材料,并对其进行了聚聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)层改性。在37±0.2°C的模拟体液条件下,以静态浸泡试验的形式研究了其降解行为。结果表明,表面改性加速了材料的降解,并对腐蚀机理产生了影响。
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引用次数: 0
The oxidation kinetics of depleted uranium and its low-alloy molybdenum alloys in moist air 贫铀及其低合金钼合金在潮湿空气中的氧化动力学
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0013
T. Chmela, P. Krupička
Abstract The oxidation kinetics of depleted uranium and its low-alloy molybdenum alloys (U-2wt.%Mo, U-5wt.%Mo) were measured in a moist air (75% relative humidity) at 60 and 75 ° C. Coefficients of reaction rate equations were determined for linear oxidation kinetics. In the oxidation of depleted uranium at 75 ° C, a change in reaction kinetics from linear to exponential behaviour was observed after about 2500 hours.
摘要研究了贫铀及其低合金钼合金(U-2wt)的氧化动力学。在60和75℃的潮湿空气(75%相对湿度)中测量了%Mo, u -5wt, %Mo),并确定了线性氧化动力学的反应速率方程系数。贫铀在75℃的氧化过程中,大约2500小时后,反应动力学从线性行为转变为指数行为。
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引用次数: 0
Self-crosslinking acrylic latexes containing nanoparticles ZnO with increased corrosion and chemical resistance of coating 含ZnO纳米粒子的自交联丙烯酸乳液,提高了涂层的耐腐蚀性和耐化学性
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0012
M. Danková, A. Kalendová, J. Machotová
Abstract The requirements put on coating materials are more and more stringent mainly in the environmental domain, especially as regards VOC emissions. This is why water-based binders as alternatives to solvent-based binders, to provide paints possessing equally good use properties, are intensively sought. The objective of this work was to assess the anticorrosion and chemical properties of paint films based on new self-cross-linking acrylic latexes. The latexes were synthesized via two--step emulsion polymerisation to obtain a core-shell system. Nanostructural ZnO in an amount of 1.5 wt. % was added to the system during the latex binder synthesis. Paints with an enhanced corrosion resistance and chemical resistance of the films were prepared. The binders prepared were pigmented with anticorrosion pigments and their properties were compared to those of commercial water-based dispersions with either identical or different paint film formation mechanisms. The results gave evidence that if a well-selected pigment is used, the binders can be used to obtain anticorrosion coating materials for metallic substrates.
摘要对涂料的要求越来越严格,主要是在环境领域,尤其是在VOC排放方面。这就是为什么水性粘合剂作为溶剂基粘合剂的替代品,以提供具有同样良好使用性能的涂料,被广泛寻求。本工作的目的是评估基于新型自交联丙烯酸乳液的漆膜的防腐性能和化学性能。通过两步乳液聚合法合成了胶乳,得到了核壳体系。在胶乳粘合剂合成期间,将1.5重量%的量的纳米结构ZnO添加到系统中。制备了具有增强耐腐蚀性和耐化学性的涂料薄膜。用防腐颜料对制备的粘合剂进行着色,并将其性能与具有相同或不同漆膜形成机制的商业水基分散体的性能进行比较。结果表明,如果使用精心选择的颜料,粘合剂可以用于获得金属基材的防腐涂层材料。
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引用次数: 0
Corrosion behaviour of the titanium beta alloy nanotubular surface in the presence of fluoride ions 氟离子存在下钛-β合金纳米管表面的腐蚀行为
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0009
J. Fojt, V. Hybášek, Petra Jarolimova, Eva Průchová, L. Joska, Jaroslav Málek
Abstract The titanium bioactivity could be increased by surface nanostructuring. Titanium alloys are using for dental implants manufacturing. It represents a specific problem because of using of the dental treatments with high concentration of fluoride ions and with acidic pH. The corrosion resistance of nanostructured surface of titanium beta alloy in environments with fluoride ions was examined by common electrochemical technique. The electrochemical impedance measurement showed high corrosion resistance in physiological solution. The fluoride ions have expected negative influence on corrosion behaviour of the layer. The nanotube bottom was preferentially attacked which resulted in layer undercoroding and its detachment.
摘要钛的生物活性可以通过表面纳米化来提高。钛合金被用于制造牙种植体。在高浓度氟离子和酸性ph环境下进行牙科治疗是一个特殊的问题。采用常用电化学技术研究了纳米级钛合金表面在氟离子环境下的耐蚀性。电化学阻抗测试表明,该材料在生理溶液中具有较高的耐腐蚀性。氟离子对层的腐蚀行为有负面影响。纳米管底部被优先攻击,导致层欠腐蚀和剥离。
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引用次数: 1
Properties of coatings created by HVOF technology using micro-and nano-sized powder HVOF技术制备的微纳米级粉末涂料的性能
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0011
A. Guzanová, J. Brezinová, D. Draganovská, P. Maruschak
Abstract The paper focuses on assessment the resistance of hot-sprayed coatings applied by HVOF technology (WC–Co–Cr created using powder of two different grain sizes) against erosive wear by dry-pot wear test in a pin mill at two sample angles. As these coatings are designated for the environment with varying elevated temperatures and often are in contact with the abrasive, the coatings have been subjected to thermal cyclic loading and their erosive resistance has been determined in as-sprayed condition and after the 5th and 10th thermal cycles. The corrosion resistance of coatings was evaluated by linear polarization (Tafel analysis).
摘要通过针磨机干锅磨损试验,对HVOF热喷涂涂层(采用两种不同粒度的粉末制备WC-Co-Cr)在两个试样角度下的抗冲蚀磨损性能进行了评价。由于这些涂层被指定用于不同的高温环境,并且经常与磨料接触,因此涂层经受了热循环载荷,并且在喷涂状态下以及在第5次和第10次热循环后确定了其耐腐蚀性。采用线极化法(Tafel分析法)评价涂层的耐蚀性。
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引用次数: 21
Corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy treated by plasma electrolytic oxidation 等离子体电解氧化处理AZ31镁合金的耐蚀性
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0008
D. Kajánek, B. Hadzima, J. Tkacz, J. Pastorková, M. Jacková, J. Wasserbauer
Abstract The coating prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) was created on AZ31 magnesium alloy surface with the aim to evaluate its effect on corrosion resistance. The DC current was applied on the sample in solution consisted of 10 g/l Na3PO4·12H2O and 1 g/l KOH. Additional samples were prepared with 2 and 4 minutes of preparation to observe evolution of the PEO coating. Morphology of the coatings was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition was examined by EDX analysis. Electrochemical characteristic were measured by potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.1 M NaCl at the laboratory temperature. Obtained data were presented in form of potentiodynamic curves and Nyquist diagrams. Results of analysis showed that plasma electrolytic oxidation coating positively influence corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy in chosen corrosive environment.
摘要:在AZ31镁合金表面制备等离子体电解氧化(PEO)涂层,评价其耐腐蚀性能。将直流电流施加于含有10 g/l Na3PO4·12H2O和1 g/l KOH的溶液中。分别制备2分钟和4分钟的样品,观察PEO涂层的演变。用扫描电镜对镀层形貌进行了表征,并用EDX分析对镀层的化学成分进行了表征。在实验室温度下,用动电位极化试验和电化学阻抗谱法测定了0.1 M NaCl溶液的电化学特性。所得数据以动电位曲线和奈奎斯特图的形式给出。分析结果表明,等离子体电解氧化涂层对AZ31镁合金在特定腐蚀环境下的耐腐蚀性有积极影响。
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引用次数: 5
Effect of heat treatment on microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of ZE41 Mg alloy 热处理对ZE41镁合金显微组织、显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0010
Prasad U. Syam, V. Kondaiah, K. Akhil, V. V. Kumar, B. Nagamani, K. Jhansi, R. Dumpala, B. Venkateswarlu, Sunil B. Ratna
Abstract Magnesium and its alloys are now attracting a great attention as promising materials for several light weight engineering applications. ZE41 is a new Mg alloy contains Zinc, Zirconium and Rare Earth elements as the important alloying elements and is widely used in aerospace applications. In the present study, heat treatment has been carried out at two different temperatures (300 and 335 °C) to assess the effect of heat treatment on microstructure and corrosion behavior of ZE41 Mg alloy. The grain size was observed as almost similar for the unprocessed and heat treated samples. Decreased amount of secondary phase (MgZn2) was observed after heat treating at 300 °C and increased intermetallic phase (Mg7Zn3) and higher number of twins appeared for the samples heat treated at 335 °C. Microhardness measurements showed increased hardness after heat treating at 300 °C and decreased hardness after heat treating at 335 °C which can be attributed to the presence of higher supersaturated grains after heat treating at 300 °C. The samples heat treated at 335 °C exhibited better corrosion resistance compared to those of base materials and samples heat treated at 300 °C. From the results, it can be understood that the selection of heat treatment temperature is crucial that depends on the requirement i.e. to improve the microhardness or at the loss of microhardness to improve the corrosion resistance of ZE41 Mg alloy.
摘要镁及其合金作为一种极具应用前景的轻量化材料,正受到人们的广泛关注。ZE41是一种以锌、锆和稀土元素为重要合金元素的新型镁合金,广泛应用于航空航天领域。在本研究中,在300℃和335℃两种不同的温度下进行热处理,以评估热处理对ZE41镁合金组织和腐蚀行为的影响。观察到未加工和热处理样品的晶粒尺寸几乎相似。在300℃热处理后,二次相(MgZn2)数量减少,而在335℃热处理后,金属间相(Mg7Zn3)增加,孪晶数量增加。显微硬度测量表明,300℃热处理后硬度增加,335℃热处理后硬度下降,这可归因于300℃热处理后存在更高的过饱和晶粒。经335℃热处理的样品的耐蚀性优于基材和经300℃热处理的样品。从结果可以看出,热处理温度的选择是至关重要的,它取决于要求,即提高ZE41镁合金的显微硬度或在失去显微硬度的情况下提高其耐腐蚀性。
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引用次数: 7
Influence of calcium cations on the corrosion behavior of hot-dip galvanized steel in model concrete pore solutions 钙离子对热镀锌钢在模型混凝土孔隙溶液中腐蚀行为的影响
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0004
P. Pokorný, M. Kouřil
Abstract In this paper, the influence of calcium cations on the corrosion behavior of hot-dip galvanized steel in model concrete pore solutions is evaluated by means of conventional electrochemical methods (measurement of free corosion potencial and polarization resistance), surface analysis methods (optical and confocal microscopy) and XRD phase analysis of precipitated corrosion products. The results of these experiments confirm the conclusions of the current work on a similar topic, i.e. the crystalline calcium based corrosion products Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O are not able passivate effectively surface of hot-dip galvanized steel in model of concrete pore solutions (pH 12.6; 13.0). If passivation occurs, a mixed Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O, ZnO and Zn(OH)2 is involved.
摘要本文采用常规电化学方法(测量自由氧化电位和极化电阻)、表面分析方法(光学和共聚焦显微镜)和沉淀腐蚀产物的XRD相分析,评价了钙离子对热镀锌钢在模型混凝土孔隙溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。这些实验结果证实了目前关于类似主题的工作的结论,即在混凝土孔隙溶液模型(pH 12.6;13.0)中,结晶钙基腐蚀产物Ca[Zn(OH)3]2·2H2O不能有效钝化热镀锌钢表面。
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引用次数: 1
Restoration corrosion survey of the steel structure of peron hall of the Main railway station in Prague 布拉格火车总站佩隆大厅钢结构修复腐蚀调查
Q3 Materials Science Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2478/kom-2019-0001
P. Pokorný, M. Hrabánek, H. Geiplová
Abstract This article presents the results of the corrosion survey of the load-bearing structure of the main hall of the Main railway station in Prague. The chemical composition and microscopy view of the metal alloy has been explored, the current state of the anti-corrosion protection system as well as its composition were also evaluated. The corrosion damage of sheets and reinforcements of individual columns of the peron hall is also reported. The corrosion damage of the plates and reinforcements is locally very significant and is related to the drainage of rain water from the damaged roof structure. Renovation is also necessary for the protective coating system. The article concludes a restoration project that fully respects the historical form of the construction of the early twentieth century with minimal compromise.
本文介绍了对布拉格火车总站大厅承重结构腐蚀情况的调查结果。对金属合金的化学成分和微观形貌进行了探讨,并对防腐保护体系的现状及其组成进行了评价。文中还报道了佩隆大厅单柱板和钢筋的腐蚀破坏情况。板和钢筋的腐蚀损伤局部非常严重,与受损屋顶结构的雨水排放有关。保护涂层系统也需要进行翻新。文章总结了一个修复项目,该项目充分尊重20世纪初建筑的历史形式,并尽量减少妥协。
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引用次数: 1
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Koroze a ochrana materialu
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