This article documents a previously unattested variety of obligatory control (OC) in the Nakh-Daghestanian language Chirag Dargwa, which lies at the intersection between two phenomena known from previous research: overt controlled subjects and partial control. Despite being less widespread crosslinguistically, these two phenomena do occur in various unrelated languages and are known to not quite fit in with existing theories of OC. Combined in a single construction, they yield a new empirical option in the typology of OC and provide evidence in favor of a pro analysis of controlled subjects
{"title":"Partial control with overt embedded subjects in Chirag","authors":"D. Ganenkov","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.a905552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.a905552","url":null,"abstract":"This article documents a previously unattested variety of obligatory control (OC) in the Nakh-Daghestanian language Chirag Dargwa, which lies at the intersection between two phenomena known from previous research: overt controlled subjects and partial control. Despite being less widespread crosslinguistically, these two phenomena do occur in various unrelated languages and are known to not quite fit in with existing theories of OC. Combined in a single construction, they yield a new empirical option in the typology of OC and provide evidence in favor of a pro analysis of controlled subjects","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43845608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article argues that language play is intimately related to linguistic variation and change. Using two corpora of online present-day English, we investigate playful conversion of adjectives into abstract nouns (e.g. made of awesome∅), uncovering consistent rule-governed patterning in the grammatical constraints in spite of this option stemming from deliberate subversion of standard overt suffixation. Building on Haspelmath’s (1999) notion of ‘extravagance’ as one of the keys to language change, we account for the systematic patterning of deliberate linguistic subversion by appealing to tension between the need to stand out and the need to remain intelligible. While we do not claim that language play is the only cause of linguistic change, our findings position language play as a constant source of new linguistic variants in very large numbers, a small proportion of which endure as changes. Our conclusion is that language play goes a long way toward accounting for linguistic innovations—with respect to where they come from and why languages change at all.
{"title":"Language play is language variation: Quantitative evidence and what it implies about language change","authors":"Marisa Brook, Emily Blamire","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.a905553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.a905553","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that language play is intimately related to linguistic variation and change. Using two corpora of online present-day English, we investigate playful conversion of adjectives into abstract nouns (e.g. made of awesome∅), uncovering consistent rule-governed patterning in the grammatical constraints in spite of this option stemming from deliberate subversion of standard overt suffixation. Building on Haspelmath’s (1999) notion of ‘extravagance’ as one of the keys to language change, we account for the systematic patterning of deliberate linguistic subversion by appealing to tension between the need to stand out and the need to remain intelligible. While we do not claim that language play is the only cause of linguistic change, our findings position language play as a constant source of new linguistic variants in very large numbers, a small proportion of which endure as changes. Our conclusion is that language play goes a long way toward accounting for linguistic innovations—with respect to where they come from and why languages change at all.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42770535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900094
K. Wright
Abstract:The 1968 Fair Housing Act protects consumers from discrimination based on membership in protected classes, such as their gender, race, and ability. There is a large gap, however, between what this policy seeks to protect and the lived experiences of certain individuals, since many listeners continue to link the production of non-Standard speech varieties with social stereotypes. In light of the findings of Purnell et al. (1999), who demonstrated that such judgments negatively affect housing access, this study was designed to determine if linguistic profiling remains observable in the contemporary housing market. Through an audit of ninety publicly listed rental properties in three demographically heterogeneous Knoxville, TN, neighborhoods, the study analyzed the effects of using three different American dialects: African American Language (AAL), Mainstream US English (MUSE), and Southern American (SA). A single, multidialectal speaker asked property managers questions about each unit and neighborhood. The outcomes were assessed in terms of (i) the caller’s success in gaining an appointment to view the property and (ii) the relation of dialect and neighborhood to the phenomenon of local prestige.A key finding is that using non-Standard voices produces significantly better outcomes in neighborhoods with demographics that match those of the indexed social characteristics of the given non-Standard speech variety (e.g. Blackness with AAL in zip code 37914). Results from an attribute assessment are also reported, revealing how general listeners categorize and respond to speech used in the audit study. Analyses of attribute assessments reveal that three very different character profiles emerge from a single person’s speech varieties. These results have stark policy implications, as these linguistic profiles develop without listeners having made accurate or consistent identification of social information—like the race of the speaker—in their percepts. Federal antidiscrimination policy must be adjusted to protect individuals who experience voice-based oppression—in the housing market and across institutions. This study adds to the growing evidence such individuals can use to challenge FHA violations in voice-only contexts.
{"title":"Housing policy and linguistic profiling: An audit study of three American dialects","authors":"K. Wright","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900094","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The 1968 Fair Housing Act protects consumers from discrimination based on membership in protected classes, such as their gender, race, and ability. There is a large gap, however, between what this policy seeks to protect and the lived experiences of certain individuals, since many listeners continue to link the production of non-Standard speech varieties with social stereotypes. In light of the findings of Purnell et al. (1999), who demonstrated that such judgments negatively affect housing access, this study was designed to determine if linguistic profiling remains observable in the contemporary housing market. Through an audit of ninety publicly listed rental properties in three demographically heterogeneous Knoxville, TN, neighborhoods, the study analyzed the effects of using three different American dialects: African American Language (AAL), Mainstream US English (MUSE), and Southern American (SA). A single, multidialectal speaker asked property managers questions about each unit and neighborhood. The outcomes were assessed in terms of (i) the caller’s success in gaining an appointment to view the property and (ii) the relation of dialect and neighborhood to the phenomenon of local prestige.A key finding is that using non-Standard voices produces significantly better outcomes in neighborhoods with demographics that match those of the indexed social characteristics of the given non-Standard speech variety (e.g. Blackness with AAL in zip code 37914). Results from an attribute assessment are also reported, revealing how general listeners categorize and respond to speech used in the audit study. Analyses of attribute assessments reveal that three very different character profiles emerge from a single person’s speech varieties. These results have stark policy implications, as these linguistic profiles develop without listeners having made accurate or consistent identification of social information—like the race of the speaker—in their percepts. Federal antidiscrimination policy must be adjusted to protect individuals who experience voice-based oppression—in the housing market and across institutions. This study adds to the growing evidence such individuals can use to challenge FHA violations in voice-only contexts.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47911161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900608
J. Bobaljik, D. Koester, Chikako Ono, Georgi Dmitrievich Zaporotskij
Abstract:We examine a traditional Itelmen song type (itl; Chukotko-Kamchatkan) from the perspective of text setting: the phonological correspondence between spoken language and sung text. We suggest that the algorithm that relates spoken text to song in Itelmen is unlike the majority of examples considered in the literature on English and other languages, in that linguistic stress and metrical prominence play no discernible role, nor does syllable weight. Instead, the driving force appears to be matching word edges to (half-)measure boundaries, resulting in predictable anaptyxis (vowel epenthesis) and lengthening. The process is paraphonological in that it is related to, but distinct from, the regular phonology of the language, both in the quality of the epenthetic elements and in their placement. While the algorithm makes use of (and thus may inform us about) Itelmen phonotactics, the relationship is not readily characterizable as being phonotactically motivated but is instead controlled by a pattern of mapping linguistic syllables to musical beats.
{"title":"Text setting in an Itelmen khodila: A phonological analysis","authors":"J. Bobaljik, D. Koester, Chikako Ono, Georgi Dmitrievich Zaporotskij","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900608","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We examine a traditional Itelmen song type (itl; Chukotko-Kamchatkan) from the perspective of text setting: the phonological correspondence between spoken language and sung text. We suggest that the algorithm that relates spoken text to song in Itelmen is unlike the majority of examples considered in the literature on English and other languages, in that linguistic stress and metrical prominence play no discernible role, nor does syllable weight. Instead, the driving force appears to be matching word edges to (half-)measure boundaries, resulting in predictable anaptyxis (vowel epenthesis) and lengthening. The process is paraphonological in that it is related to, but distinct from, the regular phonology of the language, both in the quality of the epenthetic elements and in their placement. While the algorithm makes use of (and thus may inform us about) Itelmen phonotactics, the relationship is not readily characterizable as being phonotactically motivated but is instead controlled by a pattern of mapping linguistic syllables to musical beats.","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48193987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900607
Patricia Keating, Jianjing Kuang, M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito, S. Khan
{"title":"A cross-language acoustic space for vocalic phonation distinctions: Supplementary material","authors":"Patricia Keating, Jianjing Kuang, M. Garellek, Christina M. Esposito, S. Khan","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44620827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900091
The Editors’ Report John Beavers, Editor, Andries W. Coetzee, Editor (2017–2022), and Shelome Gooden, Co-Editor [The following is a modified and updated version of the report made to the LSA at the annual business meeting, on January 7th, 2023.] 1. Continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic Although we still saw some impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, we were able to publish all four issues for the year on time. This is in no small part due to the dedication of the members of the Language editorial team and to reviewers who made time to prepare reports even as they were still dealing with significant increases in workload and family care responsibilities compared to prepandemic days. We express our deep appreciation to the linguistics community for their continued support of the LSA’s publication program. As operations have returned to something closer to normal over the course of 2022, we saw an overall decrease in time-to-decision compared to the preceding two years, a welcome outcome. Volume size of the print edition was also comparable across years, though 2022 saw fewer online publications than the preceding year. One contributing factor here is the lack of a Perspectives article and accompanying replies in 2022. New submissions were also down from 2021, being comparable to 2020 (which was impacted by the beginning of the pandemic). 2. Changes in the editorial team We saw several changes in the editorial team in 2022. Kristen Syrett (Rutgers University), Arthur Spears (City University of New York), Ezra Keshet (University of Michigan), and Marlyse Baptista (University of Michigan) all stepped down at the end of 2022 after three (or more) years of service as associate editors. We extend our appreciation to all of them for their service to the LSA and the linguistics community. Stepping in in their stead are new associate editors Lisa Green (University of Massachusetts at Amherst), Jesse Harris (University of California, Los Angeles), Michael Putnam (Penn State University), and Maziar Toosarvandani (University of California, Santa Cruz), who all began their terms in 2023. Finally, Andries Coetzee’s (University of Michigan) term as Editor of Language came to an end at the end of 2022, at which point John Beavers (The University of Texas at Austin) became Editor and Shelome Gooden (University of Pittsburgh) joined as Co-Editor. On behalf of everyone at Language, John and Shelome would like to express their immense gratitude to Andries for his extraordinary service to the journal over these last six years. Andries’s diligent leadership and thoughtful editorial work, which put a profound emphasis on fairness and compassion for authors, reviewers, and editors alike, helped the journal thrive through sometimes challenging times and will continue to serve as an example for us all. 3. Volume 98 Volume 98 of Language consisted of four issues comprising 868 pages in the printed section, containing twenty-four general research articles, one editori
编辑报告约翰·比弗斯(John Beavers)、安德烈斯·库切(Andries W. Coetzee)(2017-2022)和谢罗梅·古登(Shelome Gooden)(联合编辑)[以下是2023年1月7日在年度业务会议上向LSA提交的报告的修改和更新版本。) 1。2019冠状病毒病大流行的持续影响虽然我们在2022年仍然看到了2019冠状病毒病大流行的一些影响，但我们能够按时出版当年的所有四期。这在很大程度上要归功于语言编辑小组成员的奉献精神和审稿人的贡献，他们在工作量和家庭护理责任与大流行前相比仍显著增加的情况下，仍有时间编写报告。我们对语言学界一直以来对学会出版工作的支持深表感谢。随着作业在2022年期间恢复到接近正常的水平，我们看到与前两年相比，总体上的决策时间减少了，这是一个可喜的结果。印刷版的发行量在不同年份也具有可比性，尽管2022年的在线出版物比前一年少。这里的一个因素是缺少2022年的展望文章和随附的回复。新提交的材料也比2021年有所下降，与2020年(受大流行开始的影响)相当。2. 在2022年，我们看到了编辑团队的几个变化。克里斯汀·西瑞特(罗格斯大学)、阿瑟·斯皮尔斯(纽约城市大学)、埃兹拉·凯舍特(密歇根大学)和玛丽丝·巴普蒂斯塔(密歇根大学)在担任了三年(或更长)的副编辑后，都在2022年底卸任。我们衷心感谢他们为文理学会和语言学界所作出的贡献。接替他们的是新的副主编丽莎·格林(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校)、杰西·哈里斯(加州大学洛杉矶分校)、迈克尔·帕特南(宾夕法尼亚州立大学)和玛齐亚·图萨尔凡达尼(加州大学圣克鲁斯分校)，他们都是在2023年开始任期的。最后，Andries Coetzee(密歇根大学)作为语言编辑的任期在2022年底结束，此时约翰·比弗斯(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校)成为编辑，Shelome Gooden(匹兹堡大学)加入为联合编辑。John和Shelome谨代表《语言》杂志的每一个人，向Andries在过去的六年里为杂志做出的卓越贡献表示由衷的感谢。Andries勤奋的领导和深思熟虑的编辑工作，深刻强调对作者、审稿人和编辑的公平和同情，帮助期刊在有时充满挑战的时期蓬勃发展，并将继续为我们所有人树立榜样。3.《语言》第98卷共4期，印刷版共868页，包括24篇一般性研究文章、一篇社论、两篇书评和一篇讣告。该卷的在线部分有249页，包括《语言与公共政策》一篇文章，《教学语言学》五篇文章，《研究报告》两篇，《评论》两篇。在2022年，我们共收到了156份作品。按期刊分类的投稿情况见表1。包括2020年和2021年的数据进行比较。[结束页390]点击查看大图查看全分辨率表1。2020年、2021年和2022年期刊分类投稿。从2019年1月开始，作者在投稿过程中注明稿件的主要领域，使用与投稿年度会议摘要相同的类别。表2显示了2020年、2021年和2022年作者报告的主要领域的提交数量。总的来说，我们对提交作品中所代表的子学科的多样性感到满意，但希望在那些目前代表性不足的领域增加提交作品。查看全分辨率表2。2020年、2021年和2022年提交的论文中，作者选择语言学的主要领域。5. 关于编辑过程的信息对于2022年期间提交的手稿，从…
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900087
Jessica Nieder, Yu-Ying Chuang, Ruben van de Vijver, H. Baayen
Abstract:Comprehending and producing words is a natural process for human speakers. In linguistic theory, investigating this process formally and computationally is often done by focusing on forms only. By moving beyond the world of forms, we show in this study that the discriminative lexicon (DL) model—operating with word comprehension as a mapping of form onto meaning, and word production as a mapping of meaning onto form—generates accurate predictions about what meanings listeners understand and what forms speakers produce. Furthermore, we show that measures derived from the computational model are predictive for human reaction times. Although mathematically very simple, the linear mappings between form and meaning posited by our model are powerful enough to capture the complexity and productivity of a Semitic language with a complex hybrid morphological system.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1353/lan.2023.a900096
Jonathan David Bobaljik, David Koester, Chikako Ono, Georgi Dmitrievich Zaporotskij
We examine a traditional Itelmen song type (itl; Chukotko-Kamchatkan) from the perspective of text setting: the phonological correspondence between spoken language and sung text. We suggest that the algorithm that relates spoken text to song in Itelmen is unlike the majority of examples considered in the literature on English and other languages, in that linguistic stress and metrical prominence play no discernible role, nor does syllable weight. Instead, the driving force appears to be matching word edges to (half-)measure boundaries, resulting in predictable anaptyxis (vowel epenthesis) and lengthening. The process is paraphonological in that it is related to, but distinct from, the regular phonology of the language, both in the quality of the epenthetic elements and in their placement. While the algorithm makes use of (and thus may inform us about) Itelmen phonotactics, the relationship is not readily characterizable as being phonotactically motivated but is instead controlled by a pattern of mapping linguistic syllables to musical beats.*
{"title":"Text setting in an Itelmen khodila: A phonological analysis","authors":"Jonathan David Bobaljik, David Koester, Chikako Ono, Georgi Dmitrievich Zaporotskij","doi":"10.1353/lan.2023.a900096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a900096","url":null,"abstract":"We examine a traditional Itelmen song type (itl; Chukotko-Kamchatkan) from the perspective of text setting: the phonological correspondence between spoken language and sung text. We suggest that the algorithm that relates spoken text to song in Itelmen is unlike the majority of examples considered in the literature on English and other languages, in that linguistic stress and metrical prominence play no discernible role, nor does syllable weight. Instead, the driving force appears to be matching word edges to (half-)measure boundaries, resulting in predictable anaptyxis (vowel epenthesis) and lengthening. The process is paraphonological in that it is related to, but distinct from, the regular phonology of the language, both in the quality of the epenthetic elements and in their placement. While the algorithm makes use of (and thus may inform us about) Itelmen phonotactics, the relationship is not readily characterizable as being phonotactically motivated but is instead controlled by a pattern of mapping linguistic syllables to musical beats.*","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136172760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 1968 Fair Housing Act protects consumers from discrimination based on membership in protected classes, such as their gender, race, and ability. There is a large gap, however, between what this policy seeks to protect and the lived experiences of certain individuals, since many listeners continue to link the production of non-Standard speech varieties with social stereotypes. In light of the findings of Purnell et al. (1999), who demonstrated that such judgments negatively affect housing access, this study was designed to determine if linguistic profiling remains observable in the contemporary housing market. Through an audit of ninety publicly listed rental properties in three demographically heterogeneous Knoxville, TN, neighborhoods, the study analyzed the effects of using three different American dialects: African American Language (AAL), Mainstream US English (MUSE), and Southern American (SA). A single, multidialectal speaker asked property managers questions about each unit and neighborhood. The outcomes were assessed in terms of (i) the caller’s success in gaining an appointment to view the property and (ii) the relation of dialect and neighborhood to the phenomenon of local prestige A key finding is that using non-Standard voices produces significantly better outcomes in neighborhoods with demographics that match those of the indexed social characteristics of the given non-Standard speech variety (e.g. Blackness with AAL in zip code 37914). Results from an attribute assessment are also reported, revealing how general listeners categorize and respond to speech used in the audit study. Analyses of attribute assessments reveal that three very different character profiles emerge from a single person’s speech varieties. These results have stark policy implications, as these linguistic profiles develop without listeners having made accurate or consistent identification of social information—like the race of the speaker—in their percepts. Federal antidiscrimination policy must be adjusted to protect individuals who experience voice-based oppression—in the housing market and across institutions. This study adds to the growing evidence such individuals can use to challenge FHA violations in voice-only contexts.*
{"title":"Housing policy and linguistic profiling: An audit study of three American dialects","authors":"K. Wright","doi":"10.1353/lan.0.a899825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.0.a899825","url":null,"abstract":"The 1968 Fair Housing Act protects consumers from discrimination based on membership in protected classes, such as their gender, race, and ability. There is a large gap, however, between what this policy seeks to protect and the lived experiences of certain individuals, since many listeners continue to link the production of non-Standard speech varieties with social stereotypes. In light of the findings of Purnell et al. (1999), who demonstrated that such judgments negatively affect housing access, this study was designed to determine if linguistic profiling remains observable in the contemporary housing market. Through an audit of ninety publicly listed rental properties in three demographically heterogeneous Knoxville, TN, neighborhoods, the study analyzed the effects of using three different American dialects: African American Language (AAL), Mainstream US English (MUSE), and Southern American (SA). A single, multidialectal speaker asked property managers questions about each unit and neighborhood. The outcomes were assessed in terms of (i) the caller’s success in gaining an appointment to view the property and (ii) the relation of dialect and neighborhood to the phenomenon of local prestige A key finding is that using non-Standard voices produces significantly better outcomes in neighborhoods with demographics that match those of the indexed social characteristics of the given non-Standard speech variety (e.g. Blackness with AAL in zip code 37914). Results from an attribute assessment are also reported, revealing how general listeners categorize and respond to speech used in the audit study. Analyses of attribute assessments reveal that three very different character profiles emerge from a single person’s speech varieties. These results have stark policy implications, as these linguistic profiles develop without listeners having made accurate or consistent identification of social information—like the race of the speaker—in their percepts. Federal antidiscrimination policy must be adjusted to protect individuals who experience voice-based oppression—in the housing market and across institutions. This study adds to the growing evidence such individuals can use to challenge FHA violations in voice-only contexts.*","PeriodicalId":17956,"journal":{"name":"Language","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42697240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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