Cover micrograph: The cover image is based on the article Micro-Focused Ultrasound Technology for Remodeling of Skin Tissue Architecture in an Animal Model by Huimiao Tang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70025.
Cover micrograph: The cover image is based on the article Micro-Focused Ultrasound Technology for Remodeling of Skin Tissue Architecture in an Animal Model by Huimiao Tang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70025.
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease that severely affects the quality of life of patients. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been widely used in treating the erythema and telangiectasia in rosacea patients. However, the mechanism of its use is poorly understood. Our study objectives were to (i) assess the characteristic histological changes in animal models of rosacea with IPL over a microsecond pulse width, (ii) compare the effectiveness of different filter IPL irradiation.
We utilized a mouse model of rosacea by injecting the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, with IPL operating over a dose of 10 J/cm2 and several filter: 560–950 nm, 700–950 nm and dual wavelengths range (530–650 nm and 900–1200 nm). The single pulse was set to ten sub-pulses with a pulse width of 700 μs and delay time of 300 μs, respectively. Two treatment sessions were performed with a 24-h treatment interval. The erythema scoring criteria were used to evaluate the improvement in erythema before and after treatment. The number of blood vessels, inflammatory cells, and skin stratum corneum and keratinocyte permeability were also assessed.
IPL significantly improved the erythema in rosacea-like mice. The use of a dual band filter at wavelength of 530–650 and 900–1200 nm significantly reduced the number of neutrophils in HE staining. Immunohistochemistry staining of CD31 confirmed the reduction of blood vessels. Also, the number of mast cells was reduced markedly with dual wavelength range and 700–950 nm. In addition, skin stratum corneum and keratinocyte permeability improved with 530–650 and 900–1200 nm.
This novel IPL exhibited advantages in anti-inflammatory and repairing the permeability barrier of the rosacea-like mice skin. Photobiomodulation could potentially serve as the underlying mechanism of the novel IPL in the treatment of rosacea. It is a promising treatment option for rosacea.
Integrating machine learning with Raman spectroscopy (RS) shows strong potential for intraoperative guidance in orthopedic procedures, but limited algorithm transparency remains a barrier to clinician trust. This study aims to develop interpretable machine learning models capable of accurately classifying bovine tissue types (bone, bone marrow, fat, and muscle) relevant to orthopedic surgery by identifying key Raman biomarkers to improve model transparency.
A portable RS system equipped with a 785 nm fiber-optic probe was used to collect spectral data from excised bovine tissues, including bone, bone marrow, muscle, and fat. One-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) and support vector machine (SVM) models were developed to classify these tissue types. The Raman spectral data were divided using a sample-based, stratified splitting strategy and evaluated across 30 independent iterations. Feature importance maps were generated for both models, and matching scores were calculated to correlate significant spectral features with known Raman biomarkers.
Through feature importance analysis and matching scores generated by the 1D-CNN and SVM models, critical Raman biomarkers—including hydroxyapatite, lipids, amino acids, and collagen—were identified as essential for distinguishing between the different bovine tissue types, providing deeper insights into their molecular differences.
The integration of interpretable machine learning models with RS enabled accurate differentiation of bovine tissues relevant to orthopedic surgery, while enhancing model transparency through biomarker identification. Linking model predictions to biologically meaningful Raman features supports the development of RS as a reliable tool for precision-guided surgical procedures.
Post-laser melasma induction/exacerbation remains a critical challenge in treating acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOMs). While laser parameters are well-studied, patient-specific risk factors across evolving therapeutic eras require elucidation.
This retrospective cohort analyzed 2675 ABNOMs patients treated with Q-switched lasers in two eras: C1 (2010–2013; 1064 nm-only, n = 1069) and C2 (2020–2023; multi-wavelength, n = 1606). Risk factors were assessed through multivariate logistic regression, incorporating laser wavelength stratification.
Era-specific risk reversals emerged: In C1, age > 25, Fitzpatrick IV and patch lesions predicted melasma induction, whereas large/dark lesions showed protective effects. C2 showed inverse risks for lesion characteristics (large/dark lesions showed negative effects), with skin type/age becoming nonsignificant. Despite increased number of patients with pre-existing melasma in C2, melasma exacerbation rates decreased from 87.6% (C1) to 50.1% (C2, p < 0.05) in parallel with diagnostic advances (subclinical melasma detection) and protocol optimization. Wavelength-specific analysis revealed a persistent Fitzpatrick IV risk with 1064 nm versus lesion-driven risks with 694/755 nm. Paradoxically, treatment of dark lesions with 1064 nm reduced the risk of melasma exacerbation, probably through selective melanin targeting.
ABNOMs-related melasma risks dynamically evolve with diagnostic/therapeutic advancements, demanding phenotype-specific laser parameter selection. This decade-spanning analysis provides actionable insights for optimizing laser therapy in diverse ABNOMs populations, despite inherent retrospective limitations.
Registry and the Registration No. of the study/trial: ChiCTR2500095697.
254 nm short wave ultraviolet (UVC) emitted by low-pressure mercury lamp is effective in the treatment of skin wounds. With the emergence of deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LED), it is expected to significantly expand the clinical indications of UVC. However, whether 254 nm UVC generated by LED light source can promote skin wound healing has not been reported.
To clarify the effect of 254 nm UVC-LED light source on promoting skin wound healing and explore the mechanism of UVC-LED promoting wound healing.
The full-thickness wound model of rat back skin was constructed, and the skin wounds of rats were treated with low-pressure mercury lamp and 254 nm UVC-LED equipment respectively. The curative effect of UVC-LED was determined by wound healing rate and histopathological changes. The expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the mRNA content of TGF-α, EGFR, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and VEGF were detected to clarify the mechanism of UVC-LED promoting wound healing.
Histopathology showed that both low-pressure mercury lamp and UVC-LED irradiation could promote skin wound healing, reduce the degree of inflammatory response, and promote angiogenesis. UVC-LED could better promote collagen fiber proliferation. UVC-LED promotes the expression of key cytokines in wound re-epithelialization by increasing the levels of TGF-α and EGFR, dynamically regulates wound healing by bidirectionally regulating the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, promotes wound angiogenesis by increasing the levels of CD31 and VEGF, and reduces and regulates inflammation by increasing the number of macrophages by increasing CD68.
254 nm UVC-LED can significantly promote skin wound healing in rats and play a role by regulating tissue regeneration cytokines, inflammatory factors and angiogenesis mechanisms.
Moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris (AV) remains a therapeutic challenge, often demonstrating resistance to standard interventions, including topical agents, oral antibiotics, and systemic retinoids. Nonablative monopolar radiofrequency (NMRF) offers a promising alternative by delivering controlled dermal heating without epidermal disruption. Initial findings from the authors demonstrated significant reductions in inflammatory lesion counts and sebum production following two NMRF sessions administered 4 weeks apart, with results sustained up to 6 months. This updated study extends the evaluation to include additional clinical assessments at 9- and 12-month posttreatment, providing further insights into the long-term efficacy and safety of this modality.
To evaluate the extended efficacy and safety of NMRF therapy in the management of moderate-to-severe AV, incorporating follow-up assessments at 9- and 12-month posttreatment.
The study included 20 participants with moderate-to-severe AV who had been previously enrolled in the authors’ initial investigation. All participants underwent two NMRF sessions, spaced 4 weeks apart, as per the original protocol. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 9- and 12-month posttreatment. Lesions were categorized as inflammatory (papules, pustules, nodules, cysts) or noninflammatory (comedones). Sebum production was measured quantitatively using a Sebumeter at each follow-up visit. Patient-reported outcomes, including perceived improvement and satisfaction, were also documented.
Of the initial 20 participants, 11 completed the 12-month follow-up. Clinical assessments revealed statistically significant reductions in both inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion counts, with the most substantial decreases observed in papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Sebum levels continued to decline consistently over the extended follow-up period. Patient satisfaction scores remained high at both time points, and no significant adverse effects were reported, reinforcing the favorable safety and tolerability profile of NMRF therapy.
NMRF is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment for moderate-to-severe AV. The 1-year follow-up data highlight its potential as a long-term treatment option, demonstr
This scoping review aimed to synthesize the existing scientific literature on the methods, tools, and strategies employed in vaginal laser therapy for treating genitourinary syndrome in breast cancer survivors.
A systematic search was conducted in August 2024 across six electronic databases—MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), Scopus (Elsevier), Cochrane Library (Central), Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)—for studies reporting the use of CO2 or erbium lasers in breast cancer survivors. The search included articles in all languages and used MeSH terms and database-specific adaptations.
A total of 2372 studies were identified through the electronic databases. After excluding 458 duplicates, 2134 titles and abstracts were screened. Thirty full-text records were assessed for eligibility, of which 10 were excluded for incomplete results and different technologies. Ultimately, 1189 patients out of 20 studies were selected for inclusion in this review: 14 studies used CO2 laser, 5 used erbium laser, and 1 used both technologies. This review showed that use of vaginal lasers to approach GSM in BSC patients is being used since 2017, and 13 out of 20 studies concluded for the safety and efficacy of vaginal laser to treat GSM in BCS patients, comparable to standard treatment.
Both CO2 and erbium lasers appear to be safe and effective treatment options for breast cancer survivors with genitourinary syndrome. New larger, multicenter studies are needed to enhance safety, standardize treatment protocols, and provide further evidence on the efficacy of these therapies in this patient population.
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