Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969009
E. Becker, E. Romanova, L. Melnikov, Y. Sinichkin, V. Sorokin, I.V. Elterman, N. Skibina, V. Beloglazov, A. Sherbakov, V. V. Baturin, T. Benson, P. Sewell
Fibers with a photonic crystal cladding are a new type of optical waveguide whose unique properties are of special interest in the context of the possibility of solving many urgent problems of modern optics. The cladding in the fibers of this type has the structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. It consists of a 2D periodic or random array of closely packed hollow glass fibers. If a fiber without a hole is used to make the core of such a structure, then the missing hole can be considered as a defect in 2D photonic crystal lattice. These photonic crystal fibers - holey fibers - support single mode propagation regime within a broad spectral range, allowing radiation energy losses to be considerably reduced in the single mode regime and the effective area of the waveguide mode to be substantially increased. These properties of holey fibers seem to hold much promise for enhancing the efficiency of nonlinear-optical interactions, pulse compression and creation of new efficient broadband radiation sources. In this paper we focus in several new proposed glass photonic crystal structures: technology of their fabrication, investigation of their optical properties using experiments and modeling.
{"title":"Glass photonic crystals: fabrication, optical properties and applications","authors":"E. Becker, E. Romanova, L. Melnikov, Y. Sinichkin, V. Sorokin, I.V. Elterman, N. Skibina, V. Beloglazov, A. Sherbakov, V. V. Baturin, T. Benson, P. Sewell","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969009","url":null,"abstract":"Fibers with a photonic crystal cladding are a new type of optical waveguide whose unique properties are of special interest in the context of the possibility of solving many urgent problems of modern optics. The cladding in the fibers of this type has the structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal. It consists of a 2D periodic or random array of closely packed hollow glass fibers. If a fiber without a hole is used to make the core of such a structure, then the missing hole can be considered as a defect in 2D photonic crystal lattice. These photonic crystal fibers - holey fibers - support single mode propagation regime within a broad spectral range, allowing radiation energy losses to be considerably reduced in the single mode regime and the effective area of the waveguide mode to be substantially increased. These properties of holey fibers seem to hold much promise for enhancing the efficiency of nonlinear-optical interactions, pulse compression and creation of new efficient broadband radiation sources. In this paper we focus in several new proposed glass photonic crystal structures: technology of their fabrication, investigation of their optical properties using experiments and modeling.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"55 1","pages":"705-706 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81998542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969315
R. Stoneman, S. Henderson
We report recent developments at Coherent Technologies, Inc. of high-power in-band-pumped solid-state lasers for microDoppler coherent laser radar applications. Lasers based on the in-band-pumped 2.1-/spl mu/m Ho:YAG and 1.65-/spl mu/m Er:YAG solid-state materials have unique thermal properties which make them ideal for operation over wide ranges of laser pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The extremely low thermal load in the laser medium significantly reduces thermal aberrations, allowing operation with diffraction-limited beam quality at high output power over wide ranges of PRF. The low thermal load results from the close match between the pump and output laser wavelengths in the in-band pumping scheme.
{"title":"High-power eyesafe laser transmitter for microDoppler coherent lidar","authors":"R. Stoneman, S. Henderson","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969315","url":null,"abstract":"We report recent developments at Coherent Technologies, Inc. of high-power in-band-pumped solid-state lasers for microDoppler coherent laser radar applications. Lasers based on the in-band-pumped 2.1-/spl mu/m Ho:YAG and 1.65-/spl mu/m Er:YAG solid-state materials have unique thermal properties which make them ideal for operation over wide ranges of laser pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The extremely low thermal load in the laser medium significantly reduces thermal aberrations, allowing operation with diffraction-limited beam quality at high output power over wide ranges of PRF. The low thermal load results from the close match between the pump and output laser wavelengths in the in-band pumping scheme.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"41 1","pages":"342-343 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969111
T. Yilmaz, C. DePriest, P. Delfyett, J. Abeles, A. Braun
Modelocked semiconductor and fiber lasers have been shown to operate with very low noise levels making them suitable as sources of sampling pulses for applications in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technologies. In spite of the need for long cavities in fiber lasers, obtaining multigigahertz sampling rates has been possible by harmonic modelocking at high integer multiples of the relatively low fundamental cavity frequencies. Semiconductor lasers, on the other hand, have the capability of operating in both regimes (cavities can be either long or short). For harmonically modelocked lasers, noise spurs will arise at harmonics of the cavity frequency, while fundamental modelocking has the ability to eliminate these spurs. At multigigahertz sampling rates, every doubling in the sampling frequency causes the ADC resolution to fall by /spl sim/1 bit due to phase modulation (PM) noise (timing jitter) in the sampler. Accurate evaluation of pulse train noise then becomes an important issue. Commonly, reported measurements of PM noise extend out to limited offset frequencies (several tens of megahertz or lower). To consider the noise characterization complete, however, sideband measurements should extend to the highest offset frequencies possible (i.e. the Nyquist frequency). For harmonically modelocked lasers, this offset range will include noise spurs arising from harmonic beating mechanisms. We report measurements of AM and residual PM noise out to the Nyquist offset frequency (5 GHz) of a hybridly modelocked external cavity semiconductor laser for fundamental cavity frequency modelocking as well as harmonic modelocking.
{"title":"Complete AM and residual PM noise measurements of an external cavity semiconductor laser hybridly modelocked at 10 GHz","authors":"T. Yilmaz, C. DePriest, P. Delfyett, J. Abeles, A. Braun","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969111","url":null,"abstract":"Modelocked semiconductor and fiber lasers have been shown to operate with very low noise levels making them suitable as sources of sampling pulses for applications in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technologies. In spite of the need for long cavities in fiber lasers, obtaining multigigahertz sampling rates has been possible by harmonic modelocking at high integer multiples of the relatively low fundamental cavity frequencies. Semiconductor lasers, on the other hand, have the capability of operating in both regimes (cavities can be either long or short). For harmonically modelocked lasers, noise spurs will arise at harmonics of the cavity frequency, while fundamental modelocking has the ability to eliminate these spurs. At multigigahertz sampling rates, every doubling in the sampling frequency causes the ADC resolution to fall by /spl sim/1 bit due to phase modulation (PM) noise (timing jitter) in the sampler. Accurate evaluation of pulse train noise then becomes an important issue. Commonly, reported measurements of PM noise extend out to limited offset frequencies (several tens of megahertz or lower). To consider the noise characterization complete, however, sideband measurements should extend to the highest offset frequencies possible (i.e. the Nyquist frequency). For harmonically modelocked lasers, this offset range will include noise spurs arising from harmonic beating mechanisms. We report measurements of AM and residual PM noise out to the Nyquist offset frequency (5 GHz) of a hybridly modelocked external cavity semiconductor laser for fundamental cavity frequency modelocking as well as harmonic modelocking.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"81 1","pages":"906-907 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79688846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969220
T. Carruthers, J. W. Lou
We present a simple and robust clock recovery technique which samples all OTDM channels, in which an electro-optic Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a slow photodiode pair act as a phase detector driving a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in a phase locked loop.
{"title":"High-speed optical time-division multiplexed line- to base-rate clock recovery with an electro-optic phase locked loop","authors":"T. Carruthers, J. W. Lou","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969220","url":null,"abstract":"We present a simple and robust clock recovery technique which samples all OTDM channels, in which an electro-optic Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a slow photodiode pair act as a phase detector driving a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) in a phase locked loop.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"8 1","pages":"157-158 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84675353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969223
Ti-Shiang Wang
We assume that the wavelength sets used in the down/upstream traffic are the same and they are in the 1.5 /spl mu/m window, and that single mode fibers are laid out in the optical access networks.
{"title":"Design and performance analysis of a modular and scalable optical access router","authors":"Ti-Shiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969223","url":null,"abstract":"We assume that the wavelength sets used in the down/upstream traffic are the same and they are in the 1.5 /spl mu/m window, and that single mode fibers are laid out in the optical access networks.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"46 1","pages":"163-164 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80509987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969066
F. Muhammad, P. Chandramani, J. Ekman, F. Kiamilev, V. Gopalan, E. C. Moore, M. Weiler
We are developing novel approaches for avionics countermeasures application using infrared beam steering. Ferroelectric crystal is well suited for infrared beam steering. By applying an electric signal, we can control the polarization characteristics of the crystal. This, in turn, enables us to steer an infrared beam. Currently, the voltage needed to control this device is in the kilovolt range. This voltage level is not supported by the silicon VLSI technology. Therefore, the driver of this ferroelectric crystal cannot be fabricated in silicon, and must be realized using discrete components. In our application, we need to build a compact programmable multichannel driver. The proposed architecture for the driver is shown. Arbitrary waveform signal generation is handled by a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
{"title":"Compact multichannel 2 kV arbitrary waveform generator for ferroelectric device arrays","authors":"F. Muhammad, P. Chandramani, J. Ekman, F. Kiamilev, V. Gopalan, E. C. Moore, M. Weiler","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969066","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing novel approaches for avionics countermeasures application using infrared beam steering. Ferroelectric crystal is well suited for infrared beam steering. By applying an electric signal, we can control the polarization characteristics of the crystal. This, in turn, enables us to steer an infrared beam. Currently, the voltage needed to control this device is in the kilovolt range. This voltage level is not supported by the silicon VLSI technology. Therefore, the driver of this ferroelectric crystal cannot be fabricated in silicon, and must be realized using discrete components. In our application, we need to build a compact programmable multichannel driver. The proposed architecture for the driver is shown. Arbitrary waveform signal generation is handled by a field programmable gate array (FPGA).","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"41 1","pages":"818-819 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80673780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969311
Jian Wei, F. Xia, Chunqiang Li, S. Forrest
Summary form only given. The material was grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) with only InGaAsN quantum well grown using solid source As. The active N species was generated by flowing nitrogen through a radio frequency (RF) plasma source. The active region of the laser contained a single 9 nm thick, strained InGaAsN/GaAs quantum well embedded in a 0.18 /spl mu/m thick GaAs separate confinement layer.
{"title":"High efficiency InGaAsN based quantum well lasers grown by GSMBE using a solid As source","authors":"Jian Wei, F. Xia, Chunqiang Li, S. Forrest","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969311","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The material was grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) with only InGaAsN quantum well grown using solid source As. The active N species was generated by flowing nitrogen through a radio frequency (RF) plasma source. The active region of the laser contained a single 9 nm thick, strained InGaAsN/GaAs quantum well embedded in a 0.18 /spl mu/m thick GaAs separate confinement layer.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"29 Pt 4 1","pages":"334-335 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80367159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969201
T. Simpson, F. Doft, D. Shin, P. Yu
The double-locked laser configuration used for these measurements is fiber coupled and consists of an optically isolated, dc-biased master laser that optically injects a slave laser through an optical circulator. The lasers operate at a wavelength of approximately 1557 nm. A modulation signal from a microwave frequency synthesizer is added to the dc bias of the slave laser. After passing through the optical circulator, the output of the slave laser is detected by a fast photodiode. The photodiode signal is amplified, split and routed to a microwave spectrum analyzer, a microwave phase noise test set, and a microwave mixer. At the mixer, the signal is compared with the output of the microwave frequency synthesizer.
{"title":"Phase noise measurements of a double-locked laser diode","authors":"T. Simpson, F. Doft, D. Shin, P. Yu","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969201","url":null,"abstract":"The double-locked laser configuration used for these measurements is fiber coupled and consists of an optically isolated, dc-biased master laser that optically injects a slave laser through an optical circulator. The lasers operate at a wavelength of approximately 1557 nm. A modulation signal from a microwave frequency synthesizer is added to the dc bias of the slave laser. After passing through the optical circulator, the output of the slave laser is detected by a fast photodiode. The photodiode signal is amplified, split and routed to a microwave spectrum analyzer, a microwave phase noise test set, and a microwave mixer. At the mixer, the signal is compared with the output of the microwave frequency synthesizer.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"165 1","pages":"117-118 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80416659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968957
M. Yamada, T. Anan, K. Kurihara, K. Nishi, K. Tokutome, A. Kamer, S. Sugou
We have demonstrated CW and high-speed performance of GaAsSb/GaAs VCSELs lasing at a wavelength of longer than 1.27 /spl mu/m. 1.295 /spl mu/m lasing was achieved with a threshold of 1.1 mA. Single-mode output of 0.46 mW, and 4.5-GHz bandwidth was obtained at 1.27 /spl mu/m. Thus, GaAsSb/GaAs VCSELs should be viable low-cost light sources for high-capacity optical fiber systems.
{"title":"High-performance 1.3-/spl mu/m VCSELs with GaAsSb/GaAs quantum wells","authors":"M. Yamada, T. Anan, K. Kurihara, K. Nishi, K. Tokutome, A. Kamer, S. Sugou","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968957","url":null,"abstract":"We have demonstrated CW and high-speed performance of GaAsSb/GaAs VCSELs lasing at a wavelength of longer than 1.27 /spl mu/m. 1.295 /spl mu/m lasing was achieved with a threshold of 1.1 mA. Single-mode output of 0.46 mW, and 4.5-GHz bandwidth was obtained at 1.27 /spl mu/m. Thus, GaAsSb/GaAs VCSELs should be viable low-cost light sources for high-capacity optical fiber systems.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"105 1","pages":"598-599 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80703284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969236
W. Steier, A. Szep, Y. Kuo, P. Rabiei, Sw Ahn, M. Oh, H. Zhang, C. Zhang, H. Erlig, B. Tsap, H. Fetterman, D. Chang, L. Dalton
We have used this polymer technology to fabricate modulators with balanced outputs by including a 3 dB coupler on the output and incorporated them in a digital time delay array. Arrays of RF photonic phase shifter operating at 20 GHz has also been demonstrated. For more complex integrated optical circuits, it will be important to use low loss passive polymers to interconnect the active polymer devices.
{"title":"High speed polymer electro-optic modulators","authors":"W. Steier, A. Szep, Y. Kuo, P. Rabiei, Sw Ahn, M. Oh, H. Zhang, C. Zhang, H. Erlig, B. Tsap, H. Fetterman, D. Chang, L. Dalton","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969236","url":null,"abstract":"We have used this polymer technology to fabricate modulators with balanced outputs by including a 3 dB coupler on the output and incorporated them in a digital time delay array. Arrays of RF photonic phase shifter operating at 20 GHz has also been demonstrated. For more complex integrated optical circuits, it will be important to use low loss passive polymers to interconnect the active polymer devices.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"27 1","pages":"188-189 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83301396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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