Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968948
T. Mizumoto, H. Yokoi, M. Shimizu, S. Narikawa
A semi-leaky isolator was fabricated by bonding LiNbO/sub 3/ onto a magneto-optic garnet waveguide. Directional mode conversion between TE guided and TM radiation modes enables isolator operation. Characteristics of the semi-leaky isolator were investigated.
{"title":"Semi-leaky optical isolator fabricated by wafer bonding of magneto-optic garnet and LiNbO/sub 3/","authors":"T. Mizumoto, H. Yokoi, M. Shimizu, S. Narikawa","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968948","url":null,"abstract":"A semi-leaky isolator was fabricated by bonding LiNbO/sub 3/ onto a magneto-optic garnet waveguide. Directional mode conversion between TE guided and TM radiation modes enables isolator operation. Characteristics of the semi-leaky isolator were investigated.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"2 1","pages":"580-581 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80244061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969237
S. Boppart
Optical coherence tomography provides high-resolution, real-time data acquisition of both microstructure and function in living and fabricated microfluidic systems. As fabricated microfluidic devices become more complex 3D systems with active and passive components, OCT has the potential to non-invasively assess performance, thus enabling improved design. In this post-genomic period of research, OCT has the potential to aid in the identification of not only morphological mutations, but also functional mutations in developmental biology.
{"title":"Optical coherence tomography of living and fabricated microfluidic systems","authors":"S. Boppart","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969237","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography provides high-resolution, real-time data acquisition of both microstructure and function in living and fabricated microfluidic systems. As fabricated microfluidic devices become more complex 3D systems with active and passive components, OCT has the potential to non-invasively assess performance, thus enabling improved design. In this post-genomic period of research, OCT has the potential to aid in the identification of not only morphological mutations, but also functional mutations in developmental biology.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"27 8 1","pages":"190-191 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75478196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968976
T. Kinoshita, M. Kato
We present a process for periodically poling using molecular orientation control in cross-linked polymer. Glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) was polymerized by 2,2'-azobisbutyronitrile in tetrahydrofuran at 60/spl deg/C. for 1 hour. Poly-GMA dissolved in dimethylformamide containing nonlinear optical chromophore, disperse red 1 (DR1) or disperse orange 3 (DO3), and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane as cross-linker was spin-coated on pyrex glass substrates. The films were dried and heat-treated for cross-linking at 100/spl deg/C for 1 hour. The chromophore molecule was fixed in the crosslinked polymer network. To form a periodical structure the films were patterned by photolithography and reactive ion etching using O/sub 2/ plasma. Poly-GMA without cross-linker containing the chromophore was spin-coated to fill the etched grating grooves. The films were poled at 100/spl deg/C for 1 hour. The films were periodically poled because the cross-linked part was not poled due to the raised transition temperature.
{"title":"Periodically poling by chromophore molecule orientation control in cross-linked polymer film [for SHG]","authors":"T. Kinoshita, M. Kato","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968976","url":null,"abstract":"We present a process for periodically poling using molecular orientation control in cross-linked polymer. Glycidylmethacrylate (GMA) was polymerized by 2,2'-azobisbutyronitrile in tetrahydrofuran at 60/spl deg/C. for 1 hour. Poly-GMA dissolved in dimethylformamide containing nonlinear optical chromophore, disperse red 1 (DR1) or disperse orange 3 (DO3), and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane as cross-linker was spin-coated on pyrex glass substrates. The films were dried and heat-treated for cross-linking at 100/spl deg/C for 1 hour. The chromophore molecule was fixed in the crosslinked polymer network. To form a periodical structure the films were patterned by photolithography and reactive ion etching using O/sub 2/ plasma. Poly-GMA without cross-linker containing the chromophore was spin-coated to fill the etched grating grooves. The films were poled at 100/spl deg/C for 1 hour. The films were periodically poled because the cross-linked part was not poled due to the raised transition temperature.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"118 1","pages":"636-637 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77447668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-15DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968949
D. Klunder, F. Tan, T. van der Veen, H. Bulthuis, G. Sengo, H. Hoekstra, A. Driessen
We present an experimental study of the influence of a cladding on the losses in a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ on SiO/sub 2/ cylindrical microresonator (MR). The experimental results are corroborated with detailed numerical simulations and examples of devices which exploit the presence of a cladding are given.
{"title":"Minimized losses in a cylindrical microresonator by use of a cladding: experimental and numerical study","authors":"D. Klunder, F. Tan, T. van der Veen, H. Bulthuis, G. Sengo, H. Hoekstra, A. Driessen","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968949","url":null,"abstract":"We present an experimental study of the influence of a cladding on the losses in a Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ on SiO/sub 2/ cylindrical microresonator (MR). The experimental results are corroborated with detailed numerical simulations and examples of devices which exploit the presence of a cladding are given.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"20 1","pages":"582-583 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969260
K. Takada, M. Abe, I. Shibata, K. Okamoto
Summary form only given. The most effective way to expand network capacity is to increase the number of WDM channels, and a persistent demand has emerged for a large-scale multiplexer/demultiplexer with a narrow channel spacing that can support the maximum number of channels. We have found a way to extend the channel number beyond 1,000 by using a tandem configuration. This consists of a one l /spl times/ N primary filter and a number of secondary 1 /spl times/ N 10 GHz-spaced arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). The primary filter has flat-top passbands whose channel spacing is 1 THz. We connect one secondary AWG to each output port through an optical fiber.
只提供摘要形式。扩大网络容量的最有效方法是增加波分复用信道的数量，并且对具有窄信道间隔的大规模复用/解复用器的需求已经持续出现，以支持最大数量的信道。我们已经找到了一种方法，通过使用串联配置将通道数扩展到1000以上。它由一个1 l /spl倍/ N的主滤波器和若干次1 /spl倍/ N的10 ghz间隔阵列波导光栅(awg)组成。主滤波器具有平顶通带，其通道间距为1太赫兹。我们通过光纤将一个辅助AWG连接到每个输出端口。
{"title":"Ultra-high-density optical multi/demultiplexer using tandem configuration of primary and secondary AWGs","authors":"K. Takada, M. Abe, I. Shibata, K. Okamoto","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969260","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The most effective way to expand network capacity is to increase the number of WDM channels, and a persistent demand has emerged for a large-scale multiplexer/demultiplexer with a narrow channel spacing that can support the maximum number of channels. We have found a way to extend the channel number beyond 1,000 by using a tandem configuration. This consists of a one l /spl times/ N primary filter and a number of secondary 1 /spl times/ N 10 GHz-spaced arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). The primary filter has flat-top passbands whose channel spacing is 1 THz. We connect one secondary AWG to each output port through an optical fiber.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"28 1","pages":"236-237 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73455921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968882
H. Maeda, M. Sumida, T. Kubo, T. Imai
In long-distance WDM optical networks, the performance degradation is very strong due to fibre Bragg grating (FBG) dispersion and fiber nonlinearity, and depends on where the FBGs are inserted. A countermeasure against the FBG dispersion-induced performance degradation is dispersion compensation at the optical receiver. This paper numerically and experimentally investigates the effectiveness of receiver-side compensation against FBG dispersion-induced performance degradation.
{"title":"Effectiveness of receiver-side compensation against FBG dispersion-induced SNR degradation in long-haul WDM optical networks","authors":"H. Maeda, M. Sumida, T. Kubo, T. Imai","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968882","url":null,"abstract":"In long-distance WDM optical networks, the performance degradation is very strong due to fibre Bragg grating (FBG) dispersion and fiber nonlinearity, and depends on where the FBGs are inserted. A countermeasure against the FBG dispersion-induced performance degradation is dispersion compensation at the optical receiver. This paper numerically and experimentally investigates the effectiveness of receiver-side compensation against FBG dispersion-induced performance degradation.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"52 1","pages":"481-482 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73556540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968855
N. Madamopoulos, C. Friedman, Ioannis Tomkos, A. Boskovic
The transport performance of an optically transparent metro-size ring network of 280 km circumference, at 2.5 Gbps, based on optimized optical layer components and fiber is demonstrated. Nodes based on a variety of technological approaches are used. This size was chosen based on recent studies that have shown that this is the typical maximum connection length in metro networks. The Q-factor of the received signal, for the worst case path, was higher than 10 dB for all the channels. In particular, we show that the dynamic add/drop functionality in the network does not affect the system performance when gain controlled amplifiers are used.
{"title":"Study of a transparent and reconfigurable metropolitan area network","authors":"N. Madamopoulos, C. Friedman, Ioannis Tomkos, A. Boskovic","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968855","url":null,"abstract":"The transport performance of an optically transparent metro-size ring network of 280 km circumference, at 2.5 Gbps, based on optimized optical layer components and fiber is demonstrated. Nodes based on a variety of technological approaches are used. This size was chosen based on recent studies that have shown that this is the typical maximum connection length in metro networks. The Q-factor of the received signal, for the worst case path, was higher than 10 dB for all the channels. In particular, we show that the dynamic add/drop functionality in the network does not affect the system performance when gain controlled amplifiers are used.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"210 1","pages":"427-428 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75391825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969145
D. Neilson
Summary form only given. Lightwave communication systems use fiber-optics to transport signals between nodes, and will use optical layer networking to optimally manage signal paths under normal and disrupted network conditions. New micromachine devices (MEMS) are poised to significantly impact the advancement of both networking and transmission. The deployment of MEMS based optical cross connects, such as Lucent's LambdaRouter, allow network flexibility in the optical domain and open the path to optical layer networking. Optical wavelength add-drop switches are a key component in the emerging ultra long haul (>2000km) transmission systems and will expand the optical layer traffic management. The conversion of the optical layer from one of static links to dynamic reconfigurable network will require that the optical transmission system characteristics are reconfigurable. Demonstrations of MEMS variable attenuators, optical spectrum equalizers and dispersion compensators show the potential for robust signal transport in such networks.
{"title":"Micromachines for optical networking","authors":"D. Neilson","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969145","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Lightwave communication systems use fiber-optics to transport signals between nodes, and will use optical layer networking to optimally manage signal paths under normal and disrupted network conditions. New micromachine devices (MEMS) are poised to significantly impact the advancement of both networking and transmission. The deployment of MEMS based optical cross connects, such as Lucent's LambdaRouter, allow network flexibility in the optical domain and open the path to optical layer networking. Optical wavelength add-drop switches are a key component in the emerging ultra long haul (>2000km) transmission systems and will expand the optical layer traffic management. The conversion of the optical layer from one of static links to dynamic reconfigurable network will require that the optical transmission system characteristics are reconfigurable. Demonstrations of MEMS variable attenuators, optical spectrum equalizers and dispersion compensators show the potential for robust signal transport in such networks.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"27 1","pages":"7 vol.1-"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74912056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.968947
N. Agarwal, S. Ponoth, J. Plawsky, P. Persans
We report on a study of the evolution of the surface roughness of polymer films during plasma etching. Effect of plasma etching on sidewall roughness was also studied by fabricating different width waveguides and measuring their loss. The understanding of surface roughness evolution was used to explain the roughness effects observed in sidewalls and strategies to minimize the same have been developed. Fluorinated polyimides were used as candidate materials for this study. Roughness evolution on the top surface of the polyimide films was studied by exposing the film to an oxygen plasma under different conditions. After each run, the amount of material etched was measured and a non-contact AFM scan of the surface was obtained.
{"title":"Optimal plasma etching for fabrication of channel waveguides","authors":"N. Agarwal, S. Ponoth, J. Plawsky, P. Persans","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.968947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.968947","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a study of the evolution of the surface roughness of polymer films during plasma etching. Effect of plasma etching on sidewall roughness was also studied by fabricating different width waveguides and measuring their loss. The understanding of surface roughness evolution was used to explain the roughness effects observed in sidewalls and strategies to minimize the same have been developed. Fluorinated polyimides were used as candidate materials for this study. Roughness evolution on the top surface of the polyimide films was studied by exposing the film to an oxygen plasma under different conditions. After each run, the amount of material etched was measured and a non-contact AFM scan of the surface was obtained.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"84 1","pages":"578-579 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73088387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.2001.969078
P.L. Pondillo
A brief overview of the high-speed interconnect market is presented, along with a discussion of why 50 micron multimode fiber ribbon coupled with VCSEL array technology makes the most sense as the optimal solution for this market.
{"title":"Use of multimode fiber and 850 VCSEL arrays for high-speed parallel interconnects","authors":"P.L. Pondillo","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.2001.969078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.2001.969078","url":null,"abstract":"A brief overview of the high-speed interconnect market is presented, along with a discussion of why 50 micron multimode fiber ribbon coupled with VCSEL array technology makes the most sense as the optimal solution for this market.","PeriodicalId":18008,"journal":{"name":"LEOS 2001. 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (Cat. No.01CH37242)","volume":"51 6","pages":"841-842 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72561199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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