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Extraction and Purification of Lectin from Soybean Seeds (Glycine max) 大豆种子凝集素(Glycine max)的提取纯化
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.100
In this study, the effectiveness of the ion exchange column packed with anionic resin DEAE-Sephadex®-A-50 in purifying lectin isolated by conventional saline buffer method was investigated. After the lectin extraction, the purification efficacy of ion exchange cationic and anionic resins was compared. The purified lectin was freeze-dried to a solid state to characterize its physiochemical properties. The characterization included the presence and content of protein, sulfur, and carbohydrate, hemagglutination test, gel electrophoresis for molecular weight determination, and metal photometry for sodium content determination. The physiochemical characterization was carried out by Fourier-transfer infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The test results were compared with the standard sample of soybean lectin. The purified lectin was amorphous, basic in nature, tetramer, galactose binding/N-acetylgalactosamine molecule in its sodium salt form, with a molecular weight of 120 kiloDaltons. Based on the results, the anionic resin DEAE-Sephadex®-A-50 can effectively purify lectin isolated from soybean seeds.
本研究考察了负离子树脂DEAE-Sephadex®a -50填充的离子交换柱对常规生理盐水缓冲法分离的凝集素的纯化效果。提取凝集素后,比较离子交换阳离子树脂和阴离子树脂的纯化效果。将纯化的凝集素冷冻干燥至固态,以表征其理化性质。表征包括蛋白质、硫和碳水化合物的存在和含量,血凝试验,凝胶电泳测定分子量,金属光度法测定钠含量。通过傅里叶转移红外光谱和x射线衍射研究对其进行了理化表征。并将检测结果与大豆凝集素标准样品进行了比较。纯化的凝集素为无定形、碱性、四聚体、半乳糖结合/ n -乙酰半乳糖胺钠盐形式分子,分子量为120千道尔顿。结果表明,DEAE-Sephadex®a -50阴离子树脂能有效纯化大豆种子中的凝集素。
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引用次数: 0
In-Vivo Pharmacokinetics Study of Exemestane Hydrochloride Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems via Oral Route 盐酸依西美坦自纳米乳化给药系统的体内药代动力学研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.098
Exemestane HCl (EXM) is a novel irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor for the adjuvant treatment of hormonally responsive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Poor aqueous solubility of EXM is the biggest hurdle for developing solid oral dosage forms. That’s why the current study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of formulating the EXM loaded self nano emulsifying drug delivery (SNEDDs) system. SNEDDs were formulated using Labrafac CC (20% w/v), Tween 80 (27%w/v), and Triacetin (54%w/v) as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively, by water titration method. A comparative Pharmacokinetics study of EXM suspension and EXM SNEDDS was performed using a female waster rate. The developed formulation had a 37.65± 5.08 nm size and a 21.57±0.73 sec of self-emulsification time. Cmax of EXM suspension and EXM SNEDDS was found to be 122.49±8.27 and 194.86 ± 14.75 ng/mL, respectively. AUC0-720 of EMX SNEDDS was 1.71 times higher compared to EXM suspension, indicating that lipid nanoparticles improve the drug concentration in the plasma. So we conclude that SNEDDS improves the pharmacokinetic of EXM, which subsequently improves oral bioavailability.
依西美坦HCl (EXM)是一种新型的不可逆甾体芳香酶抑制剂,用于绝经后妇女激素反应性乳腺癌的辅助治疗。EXM的水溶性差是开发固体口服剂型的最大障碍。这就是为什么本研究旨在评估构建EXM负载的自纳米乳化给药系统的药代动力学。分别以Labrafac CC (20% w/v)、Tween 80 (27%w/v)和Triacetin (54%w/v)为油、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,采用水滴定法配制snedd。使用女性废物率对EXM悬浮液和EXM SNEDDS进行了比较药代动力学研究。该配方粒径为37.65±5.08 nm,自乳化时间为21.57±0.73秒。EXM混悬液和EXM SNEDDS的Cmax分别为122.49±8.27和194.86±14.75 ng/mL。EMX SNEDDS的AUC0-720比EXM悬液高1.71倍,表明脂质纳米颗粒提高了血浆中药物浓度。因此,我们得出结论,SNEDDS改善了EXM的药代动力学,从而提高了口服生物利用度。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular Structure, Reactivity and Spectroscopic Properties of Hallucinogens Psilocybin, Mescaline and their Derivatives – A Computational Study 致幻剂裸盖菇素、美斯卡灵及其衍生物的分子结构、反应性和光谱性质的计算研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.105
Medical hallucinogens have been important compounds of research interest in recent years. Computational chemistry methods like Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at BP86/Def2-TZVP level are carried out to get more insight into the structural preferences and mechanism of hallucinogens like psilocybin and mescaline derivatives at the molecular level. The molecular structure, reactivity, spectroscopic properties, and mechanism in hallucination confirm that the geometry of the molecules is crucial in their preferred action. The results show the ability of these compounds and their derivatives to act as drugs for different problems. Among the 13 compounds studied, all the compounds, except tin and lead derivatives, show considerable stability in synthesizing them in the laboratories. The geometry and the reactivity descriptors are important tools in deciding the activity of magic mushrooms.
医用致幻剂是近年来研究热点之一。通过BP86/Def2-TZVP水平的密度泛函理论(DFT)计算等计算化学方法,在分子水平上更深入地了解裸盖菇素和美斯卡灵衍生物等致幻剂的结构偏好和作用机制。幻觉中的分子结构、反应性、光谱性质和机制证实,分子的几何形状对它们的首选行为至关重要。结果表明,这些化合物及其衍生物能够作为药物治疗不同的问题。在所研究的13个化合物中,除锡和铅衍生物外,所有化合物在实验室合成时都表现出相当的稳定性。几何形状和反应性描述符是确定魔菇活性的重要工具。
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引用次数: 0
Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye Using Green Synthesized Nanoparticles 绿色合成纳米颗粒光催化降解纺织染料
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.102
In recent years, plants have been used as reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles in a short time, and it consists of low cost, and there is no harmful effect on the environment; In this study, silver nanoparticles are synthesized from AgNO3 using leaf extract of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi. The leaf extract is mixed with AgNO3 solution, and color change occurs from whitish-yellow to dark brown at room temperature within a few minutes. After incubation, the suspension was centrifuged, and particles were separated and dried. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy in a maximum wavelength of 393 nm, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, DLS, XRD, and ZETA POTENTIAL; Photocatalytic degradation of Victoria blue or basic blue dye was investigated by green synthesized Ag nanoparticles with solar irradiation technique by biometrically at different time intervals. The UV-visible characteristic peak absorption of Victoria blue solution was 250 nm. The photocatalytic activity at different time intervals [control, treated controls, 30 min, (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 60, 72) hrs] was collected and decreased the peak intensity and was measured using UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Green synthesized Ag nanoparticles effectively degraded the Victoria blue dye solution in total exposure time.
近年来,利用植物作为还原剂在短时间内合成纳米颗粒,具有成本低、对环境无不良影响等优点;在本研究中,以银杏叶提取物为原料,以AgNO3为原料合成了纳米银颗粒。甘地。将叶提取物与AgNO3溶液混合,在室温下,几分钟内由白黄色变为深褐色。孵育后,将悬浮液离心,分离颗粒并干燥。采用最大波长为393 nm的紫外可见光谱、FTIR、SEM、EDAX、DLS、XRD和ZETA电位对合成的绿色AgNPs进行了表征;利用不同时间间隔的太阳辐照技术,研究了绿色合成银纳米颗粒光催化降解维多利亚蓝和碱性蓝染料的生物特征。维多利亚蓝溶液的紫外可见特征峰吸收为250 nm。收集不同时间间隔[对照、处理对照、30 min、(1、2、3、5、8、12、24、48、60、72)h]的光催化活性,降低峰值强度,采用紫外可见光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱进行测定。绿色合成银纳米颗粒在总曝光时间内有效降解了维多利亚蓝染料溶液。
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引用次数: 0
Methods of Chitosan Identification: History and Trends 壳聚糖的鉴定方法:历史与趋势
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.094
Chitosan, discovered in 1859 and named in 1894, has long attracted the attention of scientists. However, endless possibilities for the chemical engineering of chitosan still offer inspiration for various innovative applications. The highly biocompatible and antimicrobial features of chitosan enable its multi-disciplinary applications, such as in medical engineering, food science, environmental science, and cosmetics; this is evident from the significantly increasing number of chitosan articles in the last two decades. This article presents methods for identifying chitosan using various analytical techniques and summarizes the findings from such techniques throughout the literature. The summary of the key analytical data presented in this review article could be used as a quick reference for a researcher who intends to analyze chitinous content by the method of their choice.
壳聚糖于1859年被发现,1894年被命名,长期以来一直吸引着科学家们的关注。然而,壳聚糖化学工程的无限可能性仍然为各种创新应用提供了灵感。壳聚糖具有良好的生物相容性和抗菌性能,可广泛应用于医学工程、食品科学、环境科学和化妆品等领域;这一点从过去二十年中显著增加的壳聚糖文章中可以看出。本文介绍了利用各种分析技术鉴定壳聚糖的方法,并总结了文献中这些技术的研究结果。综述文章中提出的关键分析数据的总结可以作为研究人员选择方法分析几丁质含量的快速参考。
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引用次数: 3
Greener Synthesis of Jasminaldehyde via Cross Aldol Condensation Reaction Using Recyclable Phase Transfer Catalysis and its Cosmetic Application 可循环相转移催化交叉醛缩合反应绿色合成茉莉醛及其化妆品应用
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.104
Jasminaldehyde or alpha amyl cinnamic aldehyde is a commonly used aroma molecule in perfume formulationsThe aldol condensation of equimolar n-heptanal and benzaldehyde in NaOH using a surfactant catalyst cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to achieve high cross aldol product Jasminaldehyde selectivity was studied. The process is highly efficient due to the recyclability of the catalyst. The process was studied for four cycles of catalyst reusability. The selectivity of the cross product was dependent on the temperature, surfactant concentration, and mixing. The olfactive profile of Jasminaldehyde obtained with 0.1 M surfactant solution was identical to the standard. Jasminaldehyde formulation was created and applied to in-home care applications.
栀子醛或α戊基肉桂醛是香水配方中常用的芳香分子。以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为表面活性剂催化剂,研究了等摩尔正庚烷醛与苯甲醛在NaOH溶液中的缩醛反应,以获得高交叉醛产物栀子醛的选择性。由于催化剂的可回收性,该工艺效率很高。对该工艺进行了四次催化剂循环再利用研究。交叉产物的选择性取决于温度、表面活性剂浓度和混合。用0.1 M表面活性剂溶液制得的茉莉醛的嗅谱与标准品一致。茉莉醛配方被创造并应用于家庭护理应用。
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引用次数: 1
Comparative Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Account of the Peel and Pulp of the Fruit of C. pepo 山茱萸果皮和果肉的比较生药学和植物化学研究
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.093
The current investigation was performed to explore the phytochemicals and pharmacognostic activity in the pulp and peel part of the fruit of Cucurbita pepo. The most important stage in determining the identification of a crude medicine and assessing its quality and purity is pharmacognostic assessment. The parameters such as acid-insoluble, water-soluble, total ash value, extractive value, and moisture content were determined. Fluorescence characterization and phytochemical screening were also done to know the presence of various phytocompounds. The phytochemical investigation revealed therapeutic components in the peel and pulp extracts of C. pepo. The ash value of peel and pulp was 6.9 ± 0.17 and 5.8 ± 0.07, the insoluble acid value was 2.9 ± 0.10 and 1.7 ± 0.05, and the water-insoluble value was 3.6 ± 0.41 and 2.4 ± 0.10 respectively. The moisture content of peel and pulp was determined to be 0.249±0.022gm and 0.256±0.025 gm, respectively, while the extractive values were observed as 23.71±1.25 in methanolic extract of peel whereas 55.44±2.019 in aqueous extract of pulp.
本文研究了瓜瓤和果皮部分的植物化学成分和生药学活性。生药鉴定和质量纯度评价的重要环节是生药评价。测定了其酸不溶性、水溶性、总灰分、萃取值、含水率等参数。荧光表征和植物化学筛选也知道各种植物化合物的存在。植物化学研究揭示了番荔枝果皮和果肉提取物的治疗成分。果皮和果肉灰分值分别为6.9±0.17和5.8±0.07,不溶酸值分别为2.9±0.10和1.7±0.05,水不溶性值分别为3.6±0.41和2.4±0.10。果皮和果肉的含水率分别为0.249±0.022gm和0.256±0.025 gm,果皮甲醇提取物的提取率为23.71±1.25,果肉水提取物的提取率为55.44±2.019。
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引用次数: 0
Nutritional Enhancement of Wheat Bread by Probiotic Lactobacillus consortium 益生菌乳酸菌群对小麦面包营养的增强作用
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.101
The Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. rhamnosus are used as probiotic strains, supplement food for better human health. Initially, the wheat flour was fermented for 1 to 3 days. A higher increase in carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids was observed in flour fermented for 48 hours. It was compared both in the presence and the absence of Lactobacillus strains. Elevated levels of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats were noted in bread with probiotic strains. Lactobacillus spp. proved to be deficient in fat as the fat content was found to have decreased in bread made with the same—selenium and folate, “vitamin B9,” the essential vitamins for all (pregnancy) women. Bread with the probiotic strains is notably enriched with it. Selenium possesses an antioxidant property estimated using the FRAP assay technique. Bread with and without the Lactobacillus spp. was given for assessment via sensory analysis. The bread with the Lactobacillus was further tested and compared with normal wheat bread, with enhanced flavor and texture. This study shows that a combination of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) with wheat bread can be produced; it exists without any fungus for more than 10 days, while the wheat bread made without LAB wouldn’t attain its staleness period.
嗜酸乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌被用作益生菌菌株,为人类健康提供补充食品。最初,小麦粉发酵1 - 3天。发酵48小时的面粉中碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂质含量增加较多。比较了乳酸菌存在和不存在的情况。含有益生菌菌株的面包中蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪含量升高。乳酸菌被证明缺乏脂肪,因为用相同的硒和叶酸(“维生素B9”,所有(孕妇)必需的维生素)制成的面包的脂肪含量减少了。含有益生菌菌株的面包明显富含益生菌。硒具有抗氧化的性质估计使用FRAP测定技术。通过感官分析对有无乳杆菌的面包进行评价。对添加乳酸菌的面包进行了进一步的测试,并与普通小麦面包进行了比较,结果表明添加乳酸菌的面包风味和质地都有所改善。本研究表明,乳酸菌可与小麦面包结合生产;无菌类的小麦面包保质期在10天以上,而无乳酸菌的小麦面包则达不到保质期。
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引用次数: 0
Sesquiterpene lactones from Inula confertiflora A. Rich (Asteraceae) Leaf 菖蒲叶中的倍半萜内酯类化合物
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.095
This study was aimed at the isolation of compounds present in the methanol extract of the leaves of the Ethiopian endemic plant Inula confertiflora A. Rich (Asteraceae). Phytochemical study on this extract led to first-time isolation and structural elucidations of reportedly bioactive sesquiterpene lactones, namely 4α, 5α-epoxyinuviscolide, graveolide, and carabrone, using spectroscopic methods.
本研究旨在分离埃塞俄比亚特有植物鸢尾叶(菊科)甲醇提取物中存在的化合物。对该提取物的植物化学研究首次分离出具有生物活性的倍半萜内酯,即4α、5α-环氧菊胶内酯、石蜡内酯和鹿角胶内酯,并利用光谱方法进行了结构分析。
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引用次数: 0
Curcumin and Nanocurcumin in the Treatment of Photodynamic Therapy for Skincare 姜黄素和纳米姜黄素在光动力疗法护肤中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-09-17 DOI: 10.33263/lianbs124.092
Can photodynamic therapy be suitable for skincare? Do curcumin and nano-curcumin as photosensitizer for this photodynamic therapy? What are the differences between them? Is it a possible choice for photorejuvenation? There are still many questions on this topic. Let’s discuss the photodynamic therapy in skincare, curcumin, and its research progress for skin, as well as the difference between curcumin and nano-curcumin in the treatment of photodynamic therapy for skincare.
光动力疗法适用于皮肤护理吗?姜黄素和纳米姜黄素作为光动力疗法的光敏剂吗?它们之间有什么区别?这是光嫩化的可能选择吗?关于这个话题还有很多问题。本文就光动力疗法在护肤中的应用、姜黄素及其对皮肤的研究进展,以及姜黄素与纳米姜黄素在光动力疗法护肤中的区别进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
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Letters in Applied NanoBioScience
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