Ben-Shakhar and Verschuere (2024) commented on Brennen and Magnussen's (2023) review of the literature on lie detection. They argued that the review's conclusion that such methods are not ready for forensic use is too pessimistic and that they already are in use worldwide. While we agree that many jurisdictions do in fact use such methods, we see this as cause for alarm rather than confirmation of their utility. It is documented that several lie detection methods distinguish to a statistically significant degree between deceitful and truthful statements, but they also have substantial error rates. This means that applying them at the level of the individual statement will frequently be misleading, making them unsuited to guiding police investigations.
Criminal self-efficacy, an antisocial belief representing positive appraisal of one's capabilities to enact crime, is theorized to drive criminal behaviour, but few measures exist. Our aim was to re-validate one measure of criminal self-efficacy by re-testing its ability to predict recidivism.
We used Criminal Self-efficacy Scale-15 scores from 353 people on community corrections orders measured up to three times.
Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three latent factors we called criminal connections, physical violence, and criminal expertise. Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated that only physical violence scores predicted recidivism.
The three factors provide a meaningful conceptual basis for future attempts to develop measures of criminal self-efficacy that improve on the limitations of current measures. More broadly, there is a need to understand how specific antisocial beliefs such as criminal self-efficacy are related to criminal behaviour.
In the current study, we investigated whether denial and avoidance rates differed statistically significantly based on the interview protocol used.
We examined 38 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) interview transcripts, and 30 control transcripts from interviews from an earlier study (Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2022, 36, 7) conducted with alleged child victims of abuse at Dutch child protection services.
We detected 57 denial and 282 avoidance statements across the 68 interviews. No statistically significant differences emerged between (1) the proportion of denials using NICHD (42%, n = 16/38) and control interviews (30%, n = 9/30), and (2) the average number of denial statements between NICHD (M = 0.84) and control interviews (M = 0.83). Furthermore, denials (and avoidances) were not more or less likely to occur in response to certain types of questions, even though the majority of denials in our sample occurred in response to option-posing questions (60%, n = 34/57). Denials did occur statistically significantly less often within the first half of the individual interviews in NICHD than in control interviews.
Our findings call attention to the difficulties child protection services face in investigative interviews with alleged child victims.
This paper applies key insights from constitutive penology to advance the practice framework literature in correctional rehabilitation. First, I provide some brief commentary on the origins and subsequent development of constitutive thought in studies of governance, crime and justice. Second, I outline the central ontological convictions and epistemological commitments of constitutive penology. Third, I explain where and how the ontic and epistemic ‘lessons’ of constitutive penology contribute to the conversation about practice framework theory and therapeutic practice in correctional rehabilitation. These comments especially emphasize the importance of (a) rethinking the responsibility of theory in therapeutic practice; (b) reframing the method of study in the practice of therapy and (c) repurposing the practice guidelines for undertaking therapeutic work.
A common conception of intimate partner violence (IPV) is that women rarely use violence against romantic partners, and when they do, this is usually in self-defence. However, evidence demonstrates that women perpetrate IPV at least as frequently as men, particularly in young adult populations. Despite this, there is still a significant lack of research focusing on women's IPV perpetration, particularly in determining risk markers. The unique relationship between adversity in childhood and IPV perpetration has been recognized in males and it is thought that this relationship may be even more marked in females. The present study aimed to investigate this relationship to see whether experiencing increasing numbers of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would be associated with higher incidence of female-perpetrated IPV.
Exposure to ACEs and frequency of IPV perpetration was measured through an online survey of young adult females from the general population.
Regression analysis revealed that ACEs did significantly predict the frequency of IPV perpetrated by females. The results showed that the more adversity a female has experienced in childhood, the greater their risk of IPV perpetration in young adulthood.
It is suggested that this relationship potentially exists because adversity in childhood impacts the individual's attachments and processing of social environments, thus resulting in dysfunctional, violent responses to relationship dilemmas throughout life. These results stress the importance of tailoring treatment strategies for female perpetrators to address potential childhood adversity in which their violence may be rooted.
Recently, Brennen and Magnussen (2023, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32, 395) reviewed several approaches to detection of deception that have been extensively researched for several decades. While this review is timely, it is overly pessimistic regarding the applicability of psychological research to criminal investigations, and at the same time seems overly optimistic on techniques that are still in their infancy. While we remain cautious in recommending the application of many tests, we argue that the potential contribution of detection tests to law enforcement is much greater than what was implied by Brennen and Magnussen (2023, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32, 395).
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