Legal and Criminological Psychology最新文献

Editorial acknowledgement 社论承认

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70015

引用次数: 0

Laypersons' perceptions of sex trafficking victimisation and attribution of blame 外行人对性交易受害者的看法及责任归属

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70011

Sarah C. Kim, Rachel E. Dianiska, Emma Simpson, Jodi A. Quas

Purpose

A recurring challenge to combatting the significant problem of commercial sex trafficking, especially of minors, lies in identifying actual victims. Public campaigns have increased awareness of the occurrence of trafficking, but the depiction of victims often invokes stereotypes that fail to match characteristics known to be associated with experiences of trafficking, such as high levels of mistrust of authorities, prior victimisation, delinquent histories and uncooperativeness. We examined the extent to which the latter characteristics (i.e., delinquency and uncooperativeness) impact the general public's ability to identify minor victims of trafficking and to whom the public attributes responsibility when such characteristics are present.

Method

A total of 425 adults read vignettes alluding to trafficking that varied in references to delinquency (present vs. absent) and cooperation (high vs. low) of a minor victim and rendered decisions about what happened and who is to blame.

Results

When minors were described as delinquent, participants saw the minor as more likely to have committed a crime and as responsible for their situation. When minors were described as cooperative, participants viewed the adult as more likely to have committed a crime and as more responsible. Delinquency and cooperation did not interact to influence perceptions, but women placed more responsibility on the adult and held more pro-victim attitudes than men.

Conclusions

Overall, lack of knowledge among the public regarding common victim characteristics seems to undermine the public's ability to identify some victims, highlighting the need for greater accuracy in awareness campaigns.

打击特别是未成年人的商业性贩运这一重大问题的一个反复出现的挑战在于查明真正的受害者。公众运动提高了人们对贩运行为的认识，但对受害者的描述往往会引起刻板印象，与已知的与贩运经历有关的特征不符，例如对当局的高度不信任、以前的受害者、犯罪记录和不合作。我们研究了后一种特征（即犯罪和不合作）在多大程度上影响公众识别贩运未成年受害者的能力，以及当这些特征存在时公众将责任归咎于谁。方法共有425名成年人阅读了涉及拐卖的小短文，这些短文涉及未成年受害者的犯罪行为（在场与缺席）和合作（高与低），并对发生了什么以及谁应该受到指责做出了判断。结果：当未成年人被描述为不良分子时，参与者认为未成年人更有可能犯罪，并对他们的处境负责。当未成年人被描述为合作时，参与者认为成年人更有可能犯罪，也更负责任。犯罪和合作并没有相互作用来影响人们的看法，但女性把更多的责任放在成年人身上，并且比男性更倾向于受害者的态度。总体而言，公众对受害者的共同特征缺乏了解，似乎削弱了公众识别某些受害者的能力，这突出了提高认识活动准确性的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct patterns in the accuracy of child testimonies: Evidence from a cluster-based comparison with case records 儿童证词准确性的独特模式：基于案例记录的聚类比较的证据

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-10-13 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70010

Jaekyung Ahn, Seonhee Choi

Background

Child victim testimonies are often used as critical evidence in forensic contexts, yet their accuracy can vary considerably depending on age and crime type. Understanding distinct patterns in testimonial accuracy is therefore essential for improving legal assessments.

Objective

This study aimed to identify distinct accuracy profiles in children's testimonies and examine how demographic and detail-specific variables influence memory performance.

Methods

Transcripts from 50 forensic interviews conducted at a Sunflower Centre were analyzed. K-means clustering was used to classify testimonies based on accuracy patterns. Group differences were assessed, and logistic regression was attempted to predict cluster membership.

Results

Two clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (older children, higher accuracy) and Cluster 2 (younger children, lower accuracy). Cluster 1 recalled a significantly greater proportion of correct details (M = 92.6% vs. 82.8%, p < 0.001) and was older on average (M = 14.5 vs. 9.6 years, p < 0.001). At the item level, both clusters showed high accuracy for identity-related details (e.g., perpetrator gender and category). However, significant group differences were found for relationship to perpetrator, incident date and time, and perpetrator age, all more accurately recalled by Cluster 1. Cluster 2 demonstrated lower accuracy for contextual and temporally sensitive details, though they retained some concrete items (e.g., occurrences, school age) comparably. Logistic regression did not identify significant predictors of cluster membership, largely due to sample size and distributional limitations.

Conclusions

Findings highlight heterogeneity in children's testimonies and support the utility of cluster-based approaches in forensic evaluations. Accuracy-based profiles provide a more nuanced understanding of testimonial variability, beyond single demographic variables or abuse type, and emphasize the importance of content-specific assessment of memory performance in child victims.

儿童受害者的证词经常被用作法医环境中的关键证据，但其准确性可能因年龄和犯罪类型而有很大差异。因此，了解证词准确性的不同模式对于改进法律评估至关重要。目的本研究旨在确定儿童证词中不同的准确性特征，并研究人口统计学和细节特异性变量对记忆表现的影响。方法对在向日葵中心进行的50次法医访谈笔录进行分析。使用K-means聚类基于准确率模式对证词进行分类。评估组间差异，并尝试逻辑回归预测聚类隶属度。结果出现两个聚类：聚类1（年龄较大，准确率较高）和聚类2（年龄较小，准确率较低）。集群1回忆起正确细节的比例显著更高（M = 92.6% vs. 82.8%, p < 0.001），平均年龄更大（M = 14.5 vs. 9.6岁，p < 0.001）。在项目水平上，两个聚类在与身份相关的细节（例如，犯罪者的性别和类别）上都显示出很高的准确性。然而，在与加害者的关系、事件日期和时间以及加害者年龄方面，发现了显著的组间差异，所有这些都更准确地由聚类1回忆起来。集群2在上下文和时间敏感细节方面表现出较低的准确性，尽管它们相当地保留了一些具体项目（例如，事件发生、上学年龄）。逻辑回归没有发现显著的预测集群成员，主要是由于样本量和分布的限制。结论：研究结果突出了儿童证词的异质性，并支持基于聚类的方法在法医评估中的效用。基于准确性的档案提供了对证词可变性的更细致的理解，超越了单一的人口统计变量或虐待类型，并强调了对儿童受害者记忆表现的具体内容评估的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of model statements on verbal differences between truth and lies when using a comparable truthful baseline 当使用可比较的真实基线时，模型陈述对真实和谎言之间语言差异的影响

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70009

Glynis Bogaard, Nick J. Broers, Ewout H. Meijer

Purpose

Baselining is a deception detection technique that compares a statement of interest to a baseline. This study focused on verbal baselining: it examined differences in detailedness between the baseline and the statement of interest as a cue to deception.

Method

Across two experiments, participants watched two crime videos and provided two statements: one truthful baseline and one statement of interest, which was either truthful or deceptive depending on the condition. To manipulate expectations for detail, half of the participants were shown a model statement (i.e., an example of a richly detailed statement) before giving their responses.

Results

In Experiment 1 (using written statements), both the model statement and the baseline independently improved truth/lie discrimination. In Experiment 2 (using spoken statements), however, these effects were not replicated. Importantly, combining a model statement with baselining did not further improve truth/lie discrimination in either experiment.

Conclusion

These findings underscore the complexity of verbal lie detection and highlight the need to better understand when and how baselining techniques are most effective.

目的基线是一种欺骗检测技术，它将感兴趣的陈述与基线进行比较。这项研究的重点是口头基线：它检查了基线和兴趣陈述之间的细节差异，作为欺骗的线索。方法在两个实验中，参与者观看了两个犯罪视频，并提供了两个陈述：一个是真实的基线，另一个是兴趣陈述，根据情况，兴趣陈述是真实的还是欺骗性的。为了操纵对细节的期望，一半的参与者在给出他们的回答之前展示了一个模型陈述（即，一个非常详细的陈述的例子）。结果在实验1（使用书面陈述）中，模型陈述和基线都独立地提高了真/谎言辨别能力。然而，在实验2（使用口语陈述）中，这些效果没有被复制。重要的是，在两个实验中，将模型陈述与基线相结合并没有进一步改善真/谎言区分。这些发现强调了言语测谎的复杂性，并强调了更好地理解基线技术何时以及如何最有效的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Does the setting matter? Characterizing and classifying rural and urban arsonists 背景重要吗？农村和城市纵火犯的特征和分类

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70007

Rita Ribeiro, Cristina Neves, Daniel Rijo, Cristina Soeiro

Background

Thousands of fires are deliberately ignited around the world each year. The setting where it happens—rural versus urban areas—can lead to different crime opportunities. Rural arsonists set fires in vegetated areas, whereas urban arsonists target residences and other properties. Although urban and rural arsonists share similar features, some studies suggest that they differ in psychosocial and behavioural characteristics (e.g., age and motivation to set fires).

Aims

This study analyses the psychosocial, behavioural and criminal characteristics of arsonists and distinguishes rural from urban arsonists through the development of a typology.

Materials & Methods

The criminal records of 330 rural and urban arsonists (221 rural, 103 urban and six mixed rural/urban arsonists) were analysed and Latent Class Analysis was used to identify different subclasses within this sample. Results: Although rural and urban arsonists share some similar characteristics (e.g., no accomplices), differences in other variables were found, with higher effect sizes regarding motivation, relationship to victim, ignition devices and professional status. Furthermore, three different classes emerged to characterize this population: Rural Arsonists—Consumption Problems and Boredom (43%), Rural Arsonists—Mental Health Problems (36%) and Urban Arsonists—Consumption Problems and Revenge (21%).

Discussion

In rural areas, criminal behaviour patterns were influenced by psychological and social integration problems, while in urban settings, family relationships/intimate partner problems had a greater impact.

Conclusions

How parole and probation officers interact with their clients impacts attitudes towards the law and, ultimately, clients' likelihood of recidivism.

世界各地每年都有成千上万的火灾被故意点燃。犯罪发生的环境——农村和城市——可能导致不同的犯罪机会。农村纵火犯在植被茂盛的地区纵火，而城市纵火犯则以住宅和其他财产为目标。尽管城市和农村纵火犯有相似的特征，但一些研究表明，他们在社会心理和行为特征（例如，年龄和纵火动机）方面存在差异。目的本研究分析了纵火犯的社会心理、行为和犯罪特征，并通过类型学的发展将农村纵火犯与城市纵火犯区分开来。方法对330例城乡纵火犯（农村纵火犯221例，城市纵火犯103例，城乡混合纵火犯6例）的犯罪记录进行分析，并采用潜在分类分析法对样本进行分类。结果：虽然城乡纵火犯有一些相似的特征（如无共犯），但在其他变量上存在差异，在动机、与受害者的关系、点火装置和职业地位方面存在较大的效应量。此外，这一人群还出现了三个不同的阶层：农村纵火犯——消费问题和无聊（43%），农村纵火犯——心理健康问题（36%）和城市纵火犯——消费问题和复仇（21%）。在农村地区，犯罪行为模式受到心理和社会融合问题的影响，而在城市环境中，家庭关系/亲密伴侣问题的影响更大。结论：假释和缓刑官与案主的互动方式会影响案主对法律的态度，并最终影响案主再犯的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Predictors of fraud victimization among the older adults in China: A machine learning analysis 中国老年人欺诈受害的预测因素：机器学习分析

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-31 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70008

Liang Xu, Jiantao Xu, Yulong Tang, Hongting Li, Xiangming Wu

Purpose

Fraud victimization among older adults is a growing concern, yet the factors influencing susceptibility remain underexplored. This study examines the predictive role of individual factors in fraud victimization among 5499 older adults in China using machine learning (ML) techniques.

Methods

Data were drawn from a 2015 dataset, including 22 demographic, financial, and psychological variables. Random forest models were applied to identify key risk factors contributing to fraud susceptibility.

Results

Random forest models showed that demographic characteristics, particularly income, consumption, education, and age, are the most significant predictors of fraud victimization. Additionally, factors, such as chronic illness, lack of pension benefits, financial knowledge, and psychological traits like risk appetite and generalized trust also influence victimization risk. Moreover, psychological traits, although predictive, exhibit weaker explanatory power than demographic variables in this study. Additional ML analyses showed that fraud type influences victimization, with telephone and SMS fraud associated with lower risk, while fraud by acquaintances in person increases susceptibility.

Conclusions

These results suggest the necessity of multifaceted prevention strategies, including financial education programmes, targeted policy interventions, and social support mechanisms to mitigate fraud risks among older adults.

目的老年人的欺诈受害日益受到关注，但影响易感性的因素仍未得到充分探讨。本研究利用机器学习（ML）技术考察了5499名中国老年人中个体因素在欺诈受害中的预测作用。方法数据来自2015年的数据集，包括22个人口、金融和心理变量。随机森林模型被用于识别导致欺诈易感性的关键风险因素。结果随机森林模型显示，人口特征，特别是收入、消费、教育和年龄，是欺诈受害的最重要预测因素。此外，慢性疾病、缺乏养老金福利、金融知识以及风险偏好和普遍信任等心理特征等因素也会影响受害风险。此外，心理特征虽然具有预测性，但在本研究中表现出比人口变量更弱的解释力。额外的机器学习分析表明，欺诈类型影响受害程度，电话和短信欺诈风险较低，而熟人亲自进行的欺诈则增加了易感性。这些结果表明，有必要采取多方面的预防策略，包括金融教育计划、有针对性的政策干预和社会支持机制，以减轻老年人的欺诈风险。

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引用次数: 0

Employability perceptions and the disclosure of a violent offence 就业认知和暴力犯罪的披露

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-14 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70005

Cody Normitta Porter, Mircea Zloteanu

Purpose

Employment is a key factor in reducing reoffending, yet violent offenders face substantial challenges in the job market. This study examined perceptions of employability after the disclosure of a violent offence.

Method

We measured perceptions of employability before and after a Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check for a public-facing role. The DBS check revealed either (i) Actual Bodily Harm (ABH), (ii) robbery with a threat of violence, (iii) robbery with force, or (iv) no criminal conviction. Participants rated candidates on trustworthiness, company value, and role suitability both before and after the disclosure, and were then invited to keep or reject the candidate.

Results

As hypothesised, candidates with prior violent offences were perceived as less trustworthy, valuable, and suitable for employment. Those with robbery convictions, particularly with a threat of violence (52%) or use of force (42%), faced higher rejection rates compared with those with ABH convictions (26%). Qualitative data revealed concerns about workplace safety, trust, and the relevance of the offence to the job role.

Conclusion

This study offers insights into employer decision-making and highlights areas for future research aimed at improving employment opportunities for individuals with violent offences on their criminal record.

就业是减少再犯罪的关键因素，然而暴力罪犯在就业市场上面临着巨大的挑战。这项研究调查了暴力犯罪被披露后人们对就业能力的看法。方法我们测量了在公开和限制服务（DBS）检查之前和之后对面向公众角色的就业能力的看法。DBS检查显示：(i)实际身体伤害（ABH），（ii）暴力威胁抢劫，（iii）武力抢劫，或（iv）没有刑事定罪。参与者在信息披露前后分别对候选人的可信度、公司价值和角色适用性进行评分，然后被邀请留下或拒绝候选人。结果正如假设的那样，有暴力犯罪前科的候选人被认为是不值得信赖的，有价值的，不适合就业。那些被判抢劫罪的人，特别是暴力威胁（52%）或使用武力（42%）的人，面临的拒绝率高于那些被判ABH罪的人（26%）。定性数据揭示了人们对工作场所安全、信任以及冒犯行为与工作角色的相关性的担忧。这项研究为雇主决策提供了见解，并突出了未来研究的领域，旨在改善犯罪记录中有暴力犯罪行为的个人的就业机会。

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引用次数: 0

Procedural justice, legal cynicism and recidivism: A longitudinal test among people on community supervision 程序正义、法律犬儒主义与累犯：社区监督人群的纵向检验

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70006

Matthias van Hall, Thomas Baker, Lucas Alward, Michael Caudy

Purpose

Procedural justice literature argues that when people perceive criminal justice authorities as procedurally just, they are more likely to comply with the law. Although procedural justice in community supervision has received some empirical attention, few previous studies have examined factors that might explain the relationship between procedural justice and recidivism.

Methods

Employing structural equation modelling, the current longitudinal study tests relationships between procedural justice in encounters with community supervision officers, legal cynicism and recidivism among a sample of 1011 adults on community supervision.

Results

Controlling for demographics and criminal history, procedural justice is negatively related to legal cynicism, which is positively related to recidivism. The findings demonstrate an indirect negative effect from officer procedural justice – via legal cynicism – to recidivism, suggesting the relationship between procedural justice and recidivism is explained by attitudes towards the law.

Conclusions

How parole and probation officers interact with their clients impacts attitudes towards the law and, ultimately, clients' likelihood of recidivism.

程序正义文献认为，当人们认为刑事司法当局在程序上公正时，他们更有可能遵守法律。虽然社区监督中的程序正义得到了一些实证关注，但以往的研究很少考察可能解释程序正义与累犯之间关系的因素。方法采用结构方程模型，对1011名参与社区监督的成年人进行纵向研究，检验与社区监督官员接触的程序正义、法律犬儒主义和再犯之间的关系。结果控制人口统计学和犯罪史因素后，程序正义与法律犬儒主义呈负相关，而法律犬儒主义与累犯呈正相关。研究结果表明，官员程序正义（通过法律玩世不恭）对累犯有间接的负面影响，这表明程序正义和累犯之间的关系可以通过对法律的态度来解释。结论：假释和缓刑官与案主的互动方式会影响案主对法律的态度，并最终影响案主再犯的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Fore! Does forewarning inoculate people against the false balance effect? 前!预警能让人们预防虚假平衡效应吗？

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70004

Tianshuang Han, Brent Snook, Martin V. Day

Background & Aims

We examined the effect of falsely balanced messages on perceptions of expert consensus about non-verbal lie detection and whether forewarning inoculates people against the fake debate strategy.

Materials & Methods

Participants (N = 307) read a media report that revealed high consensus among experts (nearly 90%) that non-verbal cues are unreliable indicators of deception and were randomly exposed to (1) no comments from experts, (2) balanced comments (three comments from each expert on opposing sides), (3) evidentiary balanced comments (five comments from a deception detection expert and one comment from a contrarian expert), (4) balanced comments along with a forewarning about the ‘fake debate’ strategy, or (5) evidentiary balanced comments along with a forewarning about the ‘fake debate’ strategy.

Results

Results showed that participants intuitively believe that non-verbal cues are reliable indicators of deceit. Although participants were made aware that the consensus from scientists is that non-verbal lie detection is futile, the inclusion of balanced comments alongside the data still decreased perceived scientific consensus. Balanced comments also reduced people's policy support in favour of scientific consensus, and forewarning had minimal effect.

Discussion

We discuss the implications of our findings for efforts to mitigate the fake debate strategy.

背景和目的我们研究了虚假平衡信息对非语言测谎专家共识认知的影响，以及预警是否能让人们防范虚假辩论策略。材料和方法307名参与者阅读了一篇媒体报道，该报道显示专家（近90%）高度一致认为非语言线索是不可靠的欺骗指标，并随机暴露于(1)没有专家评论，(2)平衡评论（每个专家持反对意见的3条评论），(3)证据平衡评论（来自欺骗检测专家的5条评论和来自相反意见的1条评论）。(4)平衡的评论以及对“假辩论”策略的预警，或者(5)证据平衡的评论以及对“假辩论”策略的预警。结果：被试直观地认为非语言线索是可靠的欺骗指标。尽管参与者意识到科学家们的共识是非语言测谎是徒劳的，但在数据中加入平衡的评论仍然降低了人们对科学共识的感知。平衡的评论也减少了人们对科学共识的政策支持，而预警的效果微乎其微。我们讨论了我们的研究结果对减轻虚假辩论策略的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of parental attachment and early maladaptive schemas in juvenile boy offenders in Turkiye; A case–control study 土耳其少年犯父母依恋与早期适应不良图式的评估病例对照研究

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2025-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.70003

Serdar Karatoprak, Abdulbaki Akyildiz, Gulsum Ozturk Emiral, Emrah Emiral, Yunus Emre Dönmez

Purpose

Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and parental attachment may play a role in juvenile offending. Identifying these factors could contribute to both the prevention of juvenile offending and the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders. The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between juvenile offending, EMS and parental attachment.

Methods

Sixty-nine adolescents convicted of various offences, and 73 non-offending adolescents were assessed using a sociodemographic data form, the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Short Form of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment.

Results

Juvenile offenders scored significantly higher in the schema domains of enmeshment/dependence, abandonment, failure, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness and self-sacrifice compared with controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding parental attachment. However, a negative correlation was found between parental attachment and early maladaptive schema domains.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that EMS may play an important role in juvenile offending. Schema-focused therapy and family-based interventions may represent promising approaches for the assessment and prevention of juvenile delinquency.

目的早期适应不良图式（EMS）和父母依恋可能在青少年犯罪中起作用。识别这些因素有助于预防青少年犯罪和改造少年犯。本研究旨在评估青少年犯罪、EMS和父母依恋之间的关系。方法采用社会人口学资料表、青少年图式问卷和父母同伴依恋量表简表对69名不同犯罪的青少年和73名未犯罪的青少年进行调查。结果青少年罪犯在依恋/依赖、遗弃、失败、易受伤害、缺陷和自我牺牲的图式域得分显著高于对照组。在父母依恋方面，各组之间没有统计学上的显著差异。然而，父母依恋与早期适应不良图式域之间存在负相关。结论EMS可能在青少年犯罪中起重要作用。以图式为中心的治疗和以家庭为基础的干预可能是评估和预防青少年犯罪的有希望的方法。

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引用次数: 0