The article listed above, intended for publication in the Special Issue ‘Direct Replications in Legal and Criminological Psychology’ was inadvertently published in a regular issue, volume 27, issue 2. This was due to a production error by the publisher and is not attributable to the authors or guest editors. This article should be cited as shown above.
We apologize for this error.
Queer asylum-seekers should be given an opportunity to have their claim evaluated in a fair and unbiased manner. Despite this, research shows they risk having their claims rejected based on stereotypes about sexual minorities. In the present study, we investigated how the Finnish Immigration Service evaluated credibility in asylum claims lodged by sexual minorities.
We analysed 68 negative asylum decisions to assess the arguments made to reject the asylum claim. To do this, we developed a detailed coding scheme to investigate the specific themes and credibility indicators cited in the asylum decisions.
We found that the asylum claims were most often rejected because the applicant's account of their sexual orientation was not found to be sufficiently detailed, consistent, or plausible. Officials appeared to hold assumptions around sexual identity development and interpersonal relationships that are partially unsupported by established psychological science.
Assessments of SOGI claims would benefit from a greater consideration of the factors affecting queer asylum applicants' ability to describe their claims, including cross-cultural differences in understandings of sexuality, variability in human behaviour, and practical barriers within the asylum procedure.
A large body of research indicates that bias is an inherent part of human information processing. This way, bias affects all disciplines that rely on human judgements, such as forensic psychological assessment, including criminal risk evaluation. Although there is a lack of empirical studies, scholars recommend considering case information sequentially beginning with the most relevant information to reduce the effect of potentially biasing task-irrelevant contextual information.
We ran a preregistered experimental study to test, first, whether task-irrelevant information results in bias effects when people use criminal risk assessment tools, and second, whether such bias could be reduced by sequencing case information according to its prognostic relevance. We collected data of 308 informed lay participants instructed to apply an empirical actuarial risk scale based on a case vignette.
Results showed that task-irrelevant information biased risk assessment. Yet, sequencing case information did not protect against it.
Considering various boundary conditions (e.g., overconfidence in the accuracy of one's own assessment and other sources of bias), we discuss challenges to mitigate the biasing effect of task-irrelevant information.
Cognitive load and arousal are cornerstones of many deception detection strategies and theories; in turn, their effective measurement is critical. However, fundamental criteria for establishing the quality and accuracy of measures have largely been overlooked. In this study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of common cognitive load and arousal measures.
We obtained three independent secondary datasets in which participants (N = 238) had lied or told the truth about witnessing a suspicious event. Using a multitrait–multimethod analysis, we assessed three measures of their cognitive load and arousal: participants' self-reports, trained coders' observations, and objective behaviours.
Although all measures were reliable, they achieved differing levels of validation. Specifically, measures of cognitive load showed evidence of convergent validity, but not discriminant validity. There was no empirical support for the construct validity of arousal measures.
These findings suggest that inconsistencies in the diagnosticity of cues to deception and theory support may be attributable to the measures employed. Researchers may not be assessing constructs of interest, particularly in the case of arousal.
The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can be used to reveal crime-related memories based on an analysis of response latencies in a computerized task. While laboratory research shows high validity of the RT-CIT in student samples, only very few studies have been conducted with forensic target groups.
We investigated the applicability and validity of the RT-CIT in prison inmates and examined the influence of a response deadline (RD) on RT-CIT validity. In a within-subjects design, participants memorized a criminal activity and subsequently underwent two identical RT-CITs differing only in the length of the RD (2000 ms vs. 1000 ms). In the first experiment, the 2000 ms condition was always presented first and in the second experiment the order was switched.
Results revealed large effect sizes and classification accuracies with both RDs and strong order effects with larger effects in the respective first RD conditions.
In sum, the RT-CIT has the potential for detecting concealed knowledge in forensic settings and even a relatively demanding RD of 1000 ms seems feasible for such samples. Further research should extend this investigation of the RT-CIT in forensic settings, preferably investigating the effects of faking attempts and increasing the ecological validity of the research design.
While there has been considerable research on investigative interviews with children over the last three decades, there remains much to learn. The aim of this paper was to identify some of the issues and prospects for future scientific study that most urgently need to be addressed. Across 10 commentaries, leading scholars and practitioners highlight areas where additional research is needed on investigative interview practices with youths. Overarching themes include the need for better understanding of rapport-building and its impact, as well as greater focus on social-cultural and developmental factors and the needs of adolescents. There are calls to examine how interviews are occurring in real-world contexts to better inform best practice recommendations in the field, to find means for ensuring better adherence to best practices among various groups of practitioners, and to understand their importance and impact when not followed, including by those testifying in courts. All reflect the need to better address that recurring challenge of reliably and consistently eliciting accurate and credible information from potentially reluctant young witnesses.
Increasing numbers of children with behaviour problems in school are recognized as having language and communication difficulties. However, communication limitations have not been assessed adequately as a risk factor for juvenile recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine how changes in communication skills impacted subsequent engagement in crime among youth.
Four waves of longitudinal data of youth who were placed in juvenile justice residential facilities were used for the study. Group-based trajectory and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate how the growth trajectories of communication skills impacted recidivism.
Group-based trajectory analysis revealed heterogeneous growth in communication skills among residential youth. More interestingly, the scale of growth predicted recidivism.
This study extends an understanding of juvenile aggression and criminal offences by underlining communication limitation issues as a focal predictor of recidivism. Sufficient resources are needed for the development, evaluation and implementation of intervention programmes to help youth overcome limitations in communication.
This study examines the relationship between dark personality traits and attitudes towards punishment.
Considering the evidence, we propose two hypotheses to be tested in this study: Of four dark tetrad traits, Machiavellianism will be the most strongly related to punitiveness (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance); high scores in conservatism/right-wing ideology will be positively related to deterrence, incapacitation, desert and moral balance attitudes. People with a liberal/left-wing ideology will score higher in restorative justice and rehabilitation.
The study sample was composed of 1552 participants from Spain and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia and Peru). Participants responded to an adaptation of penal attitudes scale, the Short Dark-Tetrad Questionnaire and a political ideology scale.
The results indicated that among demographic characteristics, ideology was the best predictor of penal justice attitudes, whereas Machiavellianism surpassed other dark traits as a predictor.
No previous research examined how De Keiser et al. scale of attitudes towards criminal justice relates to dark personality and ideology. This research shows that dark personality predicts punitiveness and how Machiavellianism plays a relevant role. Future research could also combine Big-Five ‘bright personality’ variables and since Dark Personality variables.
Of the four dark personality traits, Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of all punitiveness penal attitudes (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance). Conservative/right-wing ideology is related to punitive attitudes; however, rehabilitation and restorative justice were unrelated to ideology.
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