Legal and Criminological Psychology最新文献_第6页

Interrogation questions to native and non-native eyewitnesses: The role of witness credibility 审问问题对本地和非本地目击者：证人可信度的作用

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12301

Arman Raver, Torun Lindholm, Sofie Liljestrand Hassoun, Charlotte Alm

Purpose

This study examined how the language of eyewitnesses (native vs. non-native) and their perceived credibility influence the interrogation questions posed to them.

Method

In a previous study (Raver et al., Frontiers in Psychology, 2023, 14, 1240822), participants, assuming the role of interrogators, watched either a native or non-native speaking eyewitness testify and were then asked to formulate interrogation questions to gather more information, as well as rate the witness’s credibility. In the present study, a new set of participants (N = 207) evaluated a subset of these interrogation questions in terms of (1) how leading they were, (2) whether the interrogator cast doubt on something the witness had said and (3) how open-ended they were. The moderating role of witnesses’ perceived credibility on question framing was also examined.

Results

Results showed no main effect of language (native vs. non-native) on any question type. For native speakers, lower (vs. higher) credibility led to more expressions of doubt. For non-native speakers, credibility levels (high vs. low) had no effect on question framing.

Conclusion

These findings highlight complex patterns in interrogation questioning that vary by witness language and perceived credibility, revealing a critical area for further exploration to mitigate potential cross-linguistic biases. We discuss the study’s limitations and advocate for future research in diverse legal contexts to ensure fairness and uphold the integrity of witness testimonies across languages.

目的本研究考察了目击者（母语和非母语）的语言及其感知可信度如何影响他们所面临的审问问题。在之前的一项研究中（Raver et al., Frontiers In Psychology, 2023, 14, 1240822），参与者扮演审讯者的角色，观看母语或非母语目击者作证，然后被要求制定审讯问题，以收集更多信息，并对证人的可信度进行评分。在本研究中，一组新的参与者（N = 207）从以下几个方面评估了这些审问问题的一部分：(1)他们的引导程度，(2)审讯者是否对证人所说的东西产生怀疑，(3)他们的开放性。证人的感知可信度对问题框架的调节作用也进行了审查。结果结果显示语言（母语和非母语）对任何问题类型都没有主要影响。对于以英语为母语的人来说，较低（相对于较高）的可信度导致更多的怀疑表达。对于非母语者，可信度水平（高与低）对问题框架没有影响。这些发现突出了审讯中复杂的提问模式会因证人语言和感知可信度的不同而不同，揭示了进一步探索以减轻潜在的跨语言偏见的关键领域。我们讨论了该研究的局限性，并倡导在不同的法律背景下进行未来的研究，以确保公平并维护跨语言证人证词的完整性。

{"title":"Interrogation questions to native and non-native eyewitnesses: The role of witness credibility","authors":"Arman Raver, Torun Lindholm, Sofie Liljestrand Hassoun, Charlotte Alm","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12301","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined how the language of eyewitnesses (native vs. non-native) and their perceived credibility influence the interrogation questions posed to them.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a previous study (Raver et al., <i>Frontiers in Psychology</i>, 2023, 14, 1240822), participants, assuming the role of interrogators, watched either a native or non-native speaking eyewitness testify and were then asked to formulate interrogation questions to gather more information, as well as rate the witness’s credibility. In the present study, a new set of participants (<i>N</i> = 207) evaluated a subset of these interrogation questions in terms of (1) how leading they were, (2) whether the interrogator cast doubt on something the witness had said and (3) how open-ended they were. The moderating role of witnesses’ perceived credibility on question framing was also examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed no main effect of language (native vs. non-native) on any question type. For native speakers, lower (vs. higher) credibility led to more expressions of doubt. For non-native speakers, credibility levels (high vs. low) had no effect on question framing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight complex patterns in interrogation questioning that vary by witness language and perceived credibility, revealing a critical area for further exploration to mitigate potential cross-linguistic biases. We discuss the study’s limitations and advocate for future research in diverse legal contexts to ensure fairness and uphold the integrity of witness testimonies across languages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 2","pages":"231-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the use of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve in eyewitness memory research 曲线下受者工作特征面积在目击证人记忆研究中的应用

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12300

Paul Riesthuis, Henry Otgaar

Purpose

Eyewitness memory research has reformed police practices and policy and is sometimes relied upon in legal proceedings. Due to the practical implications derived from this research, it is imperative to evaluate how practical recommendations are postulated. To assess the practical relevance of research, effect sizes and their interpretation play a pivotal role.

Methods

We examined how the frequently used effect size Area Under the Curve (AUC) obtained via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are used and interpreted in eyewitness memory research. We identified 157 eyewitness memory related articles that conducted ROC curve analyses resulting in 1580 AUCs.

Results

Approximately 90% of the AUCs were only interpreted via statistical significance. The majority of studies did not report 95%CIs for their AUCs. Finally, power analyses were frequently not conducted or not reproducible.

Conclusions

To improve the practical inferences of eyewitness memory research, we recommend establishing a smallest effect size of interest, focusing on 95%CIs, and conducting reproducible power analyses.

目击者记忆研究改革了警察的做法和政策，有时在法律诉讼中也有依据。由于这项研究的实际意义，有必要评估实际建议是如何假设的。为了评估研究的实际相关性，效应量及其解释起着关键作用。方法研究了在目击者记忆研究中如何使用和解释由受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线得到的常用效应大小曲线下面积（AUC）。我们确定了157篇目击者记忆相关的文章，进行了ROC曲线分析，得出1580个auc。结果约90%的auc只能通过统计学意义来解释。大多数研究没有报告其auc的95% ci。最后，功率分析经常不进行或不可重复。为了提高目击者记忆研究的实际推论，我们建议建立最小效应值，关注95%的ci，并进行可重复的功效分析。

{"title":"On the use of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve in eyewitness memory research","authors":"Paul Riesthuis, Henry Otgaar","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12300","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eyewitness memory research has reformed police practices and policy and is sometimes relied upon in legal proceedings. Due to the practical implications derived from this research, it is imperative to evaluate how practical recommendations are postulated. To assess the practical relevance of research, effect sizes and their interpretation play a pivotal role.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined how the frequently used effect size Area Under the Curve (AUC) obtained via Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are used and interpreted in eyewitness memory research. We identified 157 eyewitness memory related articles that conducted ROC curve analyses resulting in 1580 AUCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Approximately 90% of the AUCs were only interpreted via statistical significance. The majority of studies did not report 95%CIs for their AUCs. Finally, power analyses were frequently not conducted or not reproducible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To improve the practical inferences of eyewitness memory research, we recommend establishing a smallest effect size of interest, focusing on 95%CIs, and conducting reproducible power analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 2","pages":"212-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144832384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(In)credibly queer? Assessments of asylum claims based on sexual orientation (在)可靠的酷儿吗?对基于性取向的庇护申请进行评估

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12278

Hedayat Selim, Pia Lindblad, Johanna Vanto, Jenny Skrifvars, Anne Alvesalo-Kuusi, Julia Korkman, Elina Pirjatanniemi, Jan Antfolk

Purpose

Queer asylum-seekers should be given an opportunity to have their claim evaluated in a fair and unbiased manner. Despite this, research shows they risk having their claims rejected based on stereotypes about sexual minorities. In the present study, we investigated how the Finnish Immigration Service evaluated credibility in asylum claims lodged by sexual minorities.

Methods

We analysed 68 negative asylum decisions to assess the arguments made to reject the asylum claim. To do this, we developed a detailed coding scheme to investigate the specific themes and credibility indicators cited in the asylum decisions.

Results

We found that the asylum claims were most often rejected because the applicant's account of their sexual orientation was not found to be sufficiently detailed, consistent, or plausible. Officials appeared to hold assumptions around sexual identity development and interpersonal relationships that are partially unsupported by established psychological science.

Conclusions

Assessments of SOGI claims would benefit from a greater consideration of the factors affecting queer asylum applicants' ability to describe their claims, including cross-cultural differences in understandings of sexuality, variability in human behaviour, and practical barriers within the asylum procedure.

目的酷儿寻求庇护者应该有机会以公平和无偏见的方式对他们的申请进行评估。尽管如此，研究表明，他们的要求可能会因为对性少数群体的刻板印象而被拒绝。在本研究中，我们调查了芬兰移民局如何评估性少数群体提出的庇护申请的可信度。方法我们分析了68个否定的庇护决定，以评估拒绝庇护申请的论点。为此，我们制定了详细的编码方案，以调查庇护决定中引用的具体主题和可信度指标。结果我们发现，庇护申请被拒绝的最常见原因是申请人对其性取向的描述不够详细、一致或可信。官员们似乎持有一些关于性身份发展和人际关系的假设，这些假设在一定程度上没有得到现有心理科学的支持。对SOGI申请的评估将受益于更多地考虑影响酷儿庇护申请人描述其申请能力的因素，包括对性的理解的跨文化差异，人类行为的可变性，以及庇护程序中的实际障碍。

{"title":"(In)credibly queer? Assessments of asylum claims based on sexual orientation","authors":"Hedayat Selim, Pia Lindblad, Johanna Vanto, Jenny Skrifvars, Anne Alvesalo-Kuusi, Julia Korkman, Elina Pirjatanniemi, Jan Antfolk","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12278","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12278","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Queer asylum-seekers should be given an opportunity to have their claim evaluated in a fair and unbiased manner. Despite this, research shows they risk having their claims rejected based on stereotypes about sexual minorities. In the present study, we investigated how the Finnish Immigration Service evaluated credibility in asylum claims lodged by sexual minorities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 68 negative asylum decisions to assess the arguments made to reject the asylum claim. To do this, we developed a detailed coding scheme to investigate the specific themes and credibility indicators cited in the asylum decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the asylum claims were most often rejected because the applicant's account of their sexual orientation was not found to be sufficiently detailed, consistent, or plausible. Officials appeared to hold assumptions around sexual identity development and interpersonal relationships that are partially unsupported by established psychological science.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Assessments of SOGI claims would benefit from a greater consideration of the factors affecting queer asylum applicants' ability to describe their claims, including cross-cultural differences in understandings of sexuality, variability in human behaviour, and practical barriers within the asylum procedure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"159-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bias is persistent: Sequencing case information does not protect against contextual bias in criminal risk assessment 偏见是持久的：排序案件信息不能防止上下文偏见在犯罪风险评估

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12279

Verena Oberlader, Bruno Verschuere

Purpose

A large body of research indicates that bias is an inherent part of human information processing. This way, bias affects all disciplines that rely on human judgements, such as forensic psychological assessment, including criminal risk evaluation. Although there is a lack of empirical studies, scholars recommend considering case information sequentially beginning with the most relevant information to reduce the effect of potentially biasing task-irrelevant contextual information.

Methods

We ran a preregistered experimental study to test, first, whether task-irrelevant information results in bias effects when people use criminal risk assessment tools, and second, whether such bias could be reduced by sequencing case information according to its prognostic relevance. We collected data of 308 informed lay participants instructed to apply an empirical actuarial risk scale based on a case vignette.

Results

Results showed that task-irrelevant information biased risk assessment. Yet, sequencing case information did not protect against it.

Conclusions

Considering various boundary conditions (e.g., overconfidence in the accuracy of one's own assessment and other sources of bias), we discuss challenges to mitigate the biasing effect of task-irrelevant information.

大量的研究表明，偏见是人类信息处理的固有部分。这样，偏见会影响所有依赖人类判断的学科，比如法医心理评估，包括犯罪风险评估。虽然缺乏实证研究，但学者们建议从最相关的信息开始顺序考虑案例信息，以减少任务无关上下文信息的潜在偏倚影响。方法我们进行了一项预先注册的实验研究，首先测试任务无关信息是否会在人们使用犯罪风险评估工具时产生偏倚效应，其次，是否可以根据其预后相关性对案例信息进行排序来减少这种偏倚。我们收集了308名知情的外行参与者的数据，指示他们应用基于案例小插图的经验精算风险量表。结果结果显示，任务无关信息存在风险评估偏倚。然而，对病例信息进行排序并不能防止这种情况。考虑到各种边界条件（例如，对自己评估的准确性过度自信和其他偏差来源），我们讨论了减轻任务无关信息偏差效应的挑战。

{"title":"Bias is persistent: Sequencing case information does not protect against contextual bias in criminal risk assessment","authors":"Verena Oberlader, Bruno Verschuere","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12279","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12279","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large body of research indicates that bias is an inherent part of human information processing. This way, bias affects all disciplines that rely on human judgements, such as forensic psychological assessment, including criminal risk evaluation. Although there is a lack of empirical studies, scholars recommend considering case information sequentially beginning with the most relevant information to reduce the effect of potentially biasing task-irrelevant contextual information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We ran a preregistered experimental study to test, first, whether task-irrelevant information results in bias effects when people use criminal risk assessment tools, and second, whether such bias could be reduced by sequencing case information according to its prognostic relevance. We collected data of 308 informed lay participants instructed to apply an empirical actuarial risk scale based on a case vignette.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results showed that task-irrelevant information biased risk assessment. Yet, sequencing case information did not protect against it.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering various boundary conditions (e.g., overconfidence in the accuracy of one's own assessment and other sources of bias), we discuss challenges to mitigate the biasing effect of task-irrelevant information.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"143-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(MIS)measuring cognitive load and arousal in deception: A multitrait–multimethod analysis （MIS）测量欺骗中的认知负荷和觉醒：一个多特征多方法的分析

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12299

Ryan Lahay, Amy-May Leach, Brian L. Cutler, Lyndsay R. Woolridge, Elizabeth Elliott

Purpose

Cognitive load and arousal are cornerstones of many deception detection strategies and theories; in turn, their effective measurement is critical. However, fundamental criteria for establishing the quality and accuracy of measures have largely been overlooked. In this study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of common cognitive load and arousal measures.

Method

We obtained three independent secondary datasets in which participants (N = 238) had lied or told the truth about witnessing a suspicious event. Using a multitrait–multimethod analysis, we assessed three measures of their cognitive load and arousal: participants' self-reports, trained coders' observations, and objective behaviours.

Results

Although all measures were reliable, they achieved differing levels of validation. Specifically, measures of cognitive load showed evidence of convergent validity, but not discriminant validity. There was no empirical support for the construct validity of arousal measures.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that inconsistencies in the diagnosticity of cues to deception and theory support may be attributable to the measures employed. Researchers may not be assessing constructs of interest, particularly in the case of arousal.

认知负荷和觉醒是许多欺骗检测策略和理论的基础；反过来，他们的有效测量是至关重要的。然而，建立度量的质量和准确性的基本标准在很大程度上被忽视了。在本研究中，我们检验了常见的认知负荷和觉醒测量的信度和构念效度。方法我们获得了三个独立的辅助数据集，其中参与者（N = 238）在目击可疑事件时说谎或说实话。使用多特征-多方法分析，我们评估了他们的认知负荷和觉醒的三个指标：参与者的自我报告，训练有素的编码员的观察和客观行为。结果虽然所有的测量都是可靠的，但它们达到了不同程度的验证。具体而言，认知负荷的测量显示了收敛效度的证据，但没有区别效度。唤醒测量的构念效度没有实证支持。结论这些研究结果表明，欺骗线索的诊断准确性和理论支持的不一致可能归因于所采用的测量方法。研究人员可能没有评估兴趣的构念，特别是在唤起的情况下。

{"title":"(MIS)measuring cognitive load and arousal in deception: A multitrait–multimethod analysis","authors":"Ryan Lahay, Amy-May Leach, Brian L. Cutler, Lyndsay R. Woolridge, Elizabeth Elliott","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive load and arousal are cornerstones of many deception detection strategies and theories; in turn, their effective measurement is critical. However, fundamental criteria for establishing the quality and accuracy of measures have largely been overlooked. In this study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of common cognitive load and arousal measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained three independent secondary datasets in which participants (<i>N</i> = 238) had lied or told the truth about witnessing a suspicious event. Using a multitrait–multimethod analysis, we assessed three measures of their cognitive load and arousal: participants' self-reports, trained coders' observations, and objective behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although all measures were reliable, they achieved differing levels of validation. Specifically, measures of cognitive load showed evidence of convergent validity, but not discriminant validity. There was no empirical support for the construct validity of arousal measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that inconsistencies in the diagnosticity of cues to deception and theory support may be attributable to the measures employed. Researchers may not be assessing constructs of interest, particularly in the case of arousal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Applicability and validity of the reaction time-based concealed information test in a prison sample 基于反应时的隐藏信息测验在监狱样本中的适用性和有效性

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12277

Julian Haberler, Kristina Suchotzki, Maria Meinhardt, Matthias Gamer

Purpose

The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can be used to reveal crime-related memories based on an analysis of response latencies in a computerized task. While laboratory research shows high validity of the RT-CIT in student samples, only very few studies have been conducted with forensic target groups.

Methods

We investigated the applicability and validity of the RT-CIT in prison inmates and examined the influence of a response deadline (RD) on RT-CIT validity. In a within-subjects design, participants memorized a criminal activity and subsequently underwent two identical RT-CITs differing only in the length of the RD (2000 ms vs. 1000 ms). In the first experiment, the 2000 ms condition was always presented first and in the second experiment the order was switched.

Results

Results revealed large effect sizes and classification accuracies with both RDs and strong order effects with larger effects in the respective first RD conditions.

Conclusions

In sum, the RT-CIT has the potential for detecting concealed knowledge in forensic settings and even a relatively demanding RD of 1000 ms seems feasible for such samples. Further research should extend this investigation of the RT-CIT in forensic settings, preferably investigating the effects of faking attempts and increasing the ecological validity of the research design.

目的基于反应时的隐藏信息测验（RT-CIT）可以通过分析计算机化任务中的反应延迟来揭示与犯罪相关的记忆。虽然实验室研究表明RT-CIT在学生样本中具有很高的有效性，但只有很少的研究对法医目标群体进行了研究。方法对监狱在押人员进行问卷调查，考察问卷的适用性和效度，并考察回复时限对问卷效度的影响。在受试者内部设计中，参与者记住了一项犯罪活动，随后进行了两次相同的RT-CITs，只是RD的长度不同（2000毫秒vs 1000毫秒）。在第一个实验中，2000 ms条件总是先出现，在第二个实验中，顺序互换。结果结果表明，两种RD条件下的效应量和分类精度都很大，并且在各自的第一RD条件下具有较强的顺序效应。总之，RT-CIT具有在法医环境中检测隐藏知识的潜力，即使是相对苛刻的1000 ms的RD对于这样的样本似乎也是可行的。进一步的研究应该扩展RT-CIT在法医环境中的调查，最好是调查伪造企图的影响，并提高研究设计的生态效度。

{"title":"Applicability and validity of the reaction time-based concealed information test in a prison sample","authors":"Julian Haberler, Kristina Suchotzki, Maria Meinhardt, Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can be used to reveal crime-related memories based on an analysis of response latencies in a computerized task. While laboratory research shows high validity of the RT-CIT in student samples, only very few studies have been conducted with forensic target groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the applicability and validity of the RT-CIT in prison inmates and examined the influence of a response deadline (RD) on RT-CIT validity. In a within-subjects design, participants memorized a criminal activity and subsequently underwent two identical RT-CITs differing only in the length of the RD (2000 ms vs. 1000 ms). In the first experiment, the 2000 ms condition was always presented first and in the second experiment the order was switched.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed large effect sizes and classification accuracies with both RDs and strong order effects with larger effects in the respective first RD conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In sum, the RT-CIT has the potential for detecting concealed knowledge in forensic settings and even a relatively demanding RD of 1000 ms seems feasible for such samples. Further research should extend this investigation of the RT-CIT in forensic settings, preferably investigating the effects of faking attempts and increasing the ecological validity of the research design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"112-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urgent issues and prospects on investigative interviews with children and adolescents 与儿童和青少年进行调查访谈的紧迫问题和前景展望

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12269

Victoria Talwar, Angela M. Crossman, Stephanie Block, Sonja Brubacher, Rachel Dianiska, Ana Karen Espinosa Becerra, Gail Goodman, Mary Lyn Huffman, Michael E. Lamb, Kamala London, David La Rooy, Thomas D. Lyon, Lindsay C. Malloy, Lauren Maltby, Van P. Nguyen Greco, Martine Powell, Jodi Quas, Corey J. Rood, Sydney D. Spyksma, Linda C. Steele, Zsofia Szojka, Yuerui Wu, Breanne Wylie

While there has been considerable research on investigative interviews with children over the last three decades, there remains much to learn. The aim of this paper was to identify some of the issues and prospects for future scientific study that most urgently need to be addressed. Across 10 commentaries, leading scholars and practitioners highlight areas where additional research is needed on investigative interview practices with youths. Overarching themes include the need for better understanding of rapport-building and its impact, as well as greater focus on social-cultural and developmental factors and the needs of adolescents. There are calls to examine how interviews are occurring in real-world contexts to better inform best practice recommendations in the field, to find means for ensuring better adherence to best practices among various groups of practitioners, and to understand their importance and impact when not followed, including by those testifying in courts. All reflect the need to better address that recurring challenge of reliably and consistently eliciting accurate and credible information from potentially reluctant young witnesses.

虽然过去三十年来对儿童调查性访谈进行了大量研究，但仍有许多东西需要学习。本文旨在确定一些最迫切需要解决的问题和未来科学研究的前景。在 10 篇评论中，知名学者和从业人员强调了需要对青少年调查访谈实践进行更多研究的领域。首要主题包括：需要更好地了解建立融洽关系及其影响，以及更加关注社会文化和发展因素以及青少年的需求。还有人呼吁研究现实世界中面谈是如何进行的，以便更好地为该领域的最佳实践建议提供信息，找到确保各类从业人员更好地遵守最佳实践的方法，并了解不遵守最佳实践的重要性和影响，包括那些在法庭上作证的人。所有这些都反映出有必要更好地应对反复出现的挑战，即从可能不情愿的年轻证人那里可靠、一致地获取准确、可信的信息。

{"title":"Urgent issues and prospects on investigative interviews with children and adolescents","authors":"Victoria Talwar, Angela M. Crossman, Stephanie Block, Sonja Brubacher, Rachel Dianiska, Ana Karen Espinosa Becerra, Gail Goodman, Mary Lyn Huffman, Michael E. Lamb, Kamala London, David La Rooy, Thomas D. Lyon, Lindsay C. Malloy, Lauren Maltby, Van P. Nguyen Greco, Martine Powell, Jodi Quas, Corey J. Rood, Sydney D. Spyksma, Linda C. Steele, Zsofia Szojka, Yuerui Wu, Breanne Wylie","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12269","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While there has been considerable research on investigative interviews with children over the last three decades, there remains much to learn. The aim of this paper was to identify some of the issues and prospects for future scientific study that most urgently need to be addressed. Across 10 commentaries, leading scholars and practitioners highlight areas where additional research is needed on investigative interview practices with youths. Overarching themes include the need for better understanding of rapport-building and its impact, as well as greater focus on social-cultural and developmental factors and the needs of adolescents. There are calls to examine how interviews are occurring in real-world contexts to better inform best practice recommendations in the field, to find means for ensuring better adherence to best practices among various groups of practitioners, and to understand their importance and impact when not followed, including by those testifying in courts. All reflect the need to better address that recurring challenge of reliably and consistently eliciting accurate and credible information from potentially reluctant young witnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"61-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of growth trajectories in communication skills on juvenile recidivism 沟通能力的成长轨迹对青少年累犯的影响

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12270

Lin Liu

Purpose

Increasing numbers of children with behaviour problems in school are recognized as having language and communication difficulties. However, communication limitations have not been assessed adequately as a risk factor for juvenile recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine how changes in communication skills impacted subsequent engagement in crime among youth.

Methods

Four waves of longitudinal data of youth who were placed in juvenile justice residential facilities were used for the study. Group-based trajectory and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate how the growth trajectories of communication skills impacted recidivism.

Results

Group-based trajectory analysis revealed heterogeneous growth in communication skills among residential youth. More interestingly, the scale of growth predicted recidivism.

Conclusions

This study extends an understanding of juvenile aggression and criminal offences by underlining communication limitation issues as a focal predictor of recidivism. Sufficient resources are needed for the development, evaluation and implementation of intervention programmes to help youth overcome limitations in communication.

目的越来越多在学校有行为问题的儿童被认为有语言和交流障碍。然而，沟通障碍作为青少年累犯的一个风险因素尚未得到充分评估。本研究旨在探讨沟通能力的变化对青少年日后参与犯罪活动的影响。研究方法：本研究使用了四波被安置在少年司法寄宿设施中的青少年的纵向数据。结果以小组为基础的轨迹分析显示，寄宿青少年在沟通技能方面的增长存在差异。结论这项研究通过强调沟通限制问题是累犯的重点预测因素，扩展了对青少年攻击行为和刑事犯罪的理解。我们需要足够的资源来制定、评估和实施干预计划，帮助青少年克服沟通障碍。

{"title":"Effect of growth trajectories in communication skills on juvenile recidivism","authors":"Lin Liu","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12270","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing numbers of children with behaviour problems in school are recognized as having language and communication difficulties. However, communication limitations have not been assessed adequately as a risk factor for juvenile recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine how changes in communication skills impacted subsequent engagement in crime among youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four waves of longitudinal data of youth who were placed in juvenile justice residential facilities were used for the study. Group-based trajectory and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate how the growth trajectories of communication skills impacted recidivism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group-based trajectory analysis revealed heterogeneous growth in communication skills among residential youth. More interestingly, the scale of growth predicted recidivism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study extends an understanding of juvenile aggression and criminal offences by underlining communication limitation issues as a focal predictor of recidivism. Sufficient resources are needed for the development, evaluation and implementation of intervention programmes to help youth overcome limitations in communication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"92-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attitudes towards the penal system, ideology and dark traits 对刑罚制度的态度、意识形态和黑暗特质

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12268

Miguel Clemente, Pablo Espinosa, Ana Cerezo, J. Alonso Aguilar-Valera, Patricia Bello-San-Juan, Claudia Karina Guevara-Cordero, Carlos José Quintero-Cárdenas, Oscar Ulises Reynoso-Gonzáles, Laura Ferreiros

Background

This study examines the relationship between dark personality traits and attitudes towards punishment.

Aims

Considering the evidence, we propose two hypotheses to be tested in this study: Of four dark tetrad traits, Machiavellianism will be the most strongly related to punitiveness (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance); high scores in conservatism/right-wing ideology will be positively related to deterrence, incapacitation, desert and moral balance attitudes. People with a liberal/left-wing ideology will score higher in restorative justice and rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods

The study sample was composed of 1552 participants from Spain and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia and Peru). Participants responded to an adaptation of penal attitudes scale, the Short Dark-Tetrad Questionnaire and a political ideology scale.

Results

The results indicated that among demographic characteristics, ideology was the best predictor of penal justice attitudes, whereas Machiavellianism surpassed other dark traits as a predictor.

Discussion

No previous research examined how De Keiser et al. scale of attitudes towards criminal justice relates to dark personality and ideology. This research shows that dark personality predicts punitiveness and how Machiavellianism plays a relevant role. Future research could also combine Big-Five ‘bright personality’ variables and since Dark Personality variables.

Conclusion

Of the four dark personality traits, Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of all punitiveness penal attitudes (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance). Conservative/right-wing ideology is related to punitive attitudes; however, rehabilitation and restorative justice were unrelated to ideology.

本研究探讨了黑暗人格特质与惩罚态度之间的关系。考虑到相关证据，我们提出了两个假设，供本研究检验：在四种阴暗性格特征中，马基雅维利主义与惩罚性（威慑、丧失能力、遗弃和道德平衡）的关系最为密切；保守主义/右翼意识形态的高分与威慑、丧失能力、遗弃和道德平衡态度呈正相关。研究样本由来自西班牙和拉丁美洲（墨西哥、哥伦比亚和秘鲁）的 1552 名参与者组成。结果表明，在人口统计学特征中，意识形态是预测刑事司法态度的最佳指标，而马基雅维利主义则超越其他黑暗特质成为预测指标。这项研究表明，阴暗人格可以预测惩罚性，而马基雅维利主义则起到了相关作用。未来的研究还可以将大五项 "光明人格 "变量和黑暗人格变量结合起来。在四种黑暗人格特质中，马基雅维利主义对所有惩罚性刑罚态度（威慑、无行为能力、遗弃和道德平衡）的预测作用最强。保守/右翼意识形态与惩罚性态度有关；但康复和恢复性司法与意识形态无关。

{"title":"Attitudes towards the penal system, ideology and dark traits","authors":"Miguel Clemente, Pablo Espinosa, Ana Cerezo, J. Alonso Aguilar-Valera, Patricia Bello-San-Juan, Claudia Karina Guevara-Cordero, Carlos José Quintero-Cárdenas, Oscar Ulises Reynoso-Gonzáles, Laura Ferreiros","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12268","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the relationship between dark personality traits and attitudes towards punishment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering the evidence, we propose two hypotheses to be tested in this study: Of four dark tetrad traits, Machiavellianism will be the most strongly related to punitiveness (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance); high scores in conservatism/right-wing ideology will be positively related to deterrence, incapacitation, desert and moral balance attitudes. People with a liberal/left-wing ideology will score higher in restorative justice and rehabilitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study sample was composed of 1552 participants from Spain and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia and Peru). Participants responded to an adaptation of penal attitudes scale, the Short Dark-Tetrad Questionnaire and a political ideology scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that among demographic characteristics, ideology was the best predictor of penal justice attitudes, whereas Machiavellianism surpassed other dark traits as a predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No previous research examined how De Keiser et al. scale of attitudes towards criminal justice relates to dark personality and ideology. This research shows that dark personality predicts punitiveness and how Machiavellianism plays a relevant role. Future research could also combine Big-Five ‘bright personality’ variables and since Dark Personality variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the four dark personality traits, Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of all punitiveness penal attitudes (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance). Conservative/right-wing ideology is related to punitive attitudes; however, rehabilitation and restorative justice were unrelated to ideology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editorial to special issue on direct replications in legal and criminological psychology 为 "法律和犯罪心理学中的直接复制 "特刊撰写社论

IF 1.9 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12267

Ewout H. Meijer, Bruno Verschuere

引用次数: 0