Legal and Criminological Psychology最新文献_第3页

The delayed impact of informed versus blind interviewing on eyewitness memory 知情与盲访对目击者记忆的延迟影响

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12253

Jillian Rivard, Victoria Carlson, Devon E. LaBat, Nadja Schreiber Compo

Background

Previous research has highlighted the potentially detrimental effects of pre-interview preparation on witness memory within an interview context (Rivard et al., 2016). The present study examined the effect of an interviewer's pre-interview knowledge on eyewitness memory beyond the initial interview.

Method

Student witnesses were interviewed one week after viewing a mock crime event by a student interviewer who was either correctly informed, incorrectly informed, or uninformed (blind) to case details and who was either told to avoid suggestions or was not given cautionary instructions.

Results

Analyses of the witnesses' recall quantity and quality one week after the interview revealed that witnesses of blind interviewers recalled more details than witnesses of incorrectly informed interviewers. Witnesses of blind interviewers were also more accurate than witnesses of incorrectly informed interviewers, but only when interviewers were warned not to ask suggestive questions.

Implications

Findings suggest that interviewer training and pre-interview knowledge may play an important role in witness recall.

之前的研究强调了在采访背景下，采访前准备对证人记忆的潜在不利影响(Rivard等人，2016)。本研究考察了访谈者的访谈前知识对初次访谈之后目击者记忆的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Using shared experiences to recruit committed human intelligence sources: Exploring the shared attention mechanism and the role of social connection 利用共享经验招募忠诚的人类情报来源:探讨共享注意机制和社会联系的作用

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12251

David A. Neequaye, Pär Anders Granhag

Objectives

We examined the possibility of using shared experiences to recruit human intelligence (HUMINT) sources. The research was based on two hypotheses. (a) Shared experiences amplify interpersonal affiliation, which increases the extent to which sources will commit to an intelligence arrangement. (b) The social connection opportunity shared experiences afford is what increases such commitment.

Methods

Participants assumed the role of a source meeting a potential handler, a police officer, to discuss an arrangement whereby they might supply intelligence. We manipulated shared experience via the meeting's setting. Half of the participants underwent a shared experience to facilitate interpersonal affiliation with the handler, and the other half did not undergo such an experience. The handler used one of two approaches to propose the arrangement. One approach afforded a social connection opportunity, and the other constrained the possibility of a social connection in the arrangement.

Results

The findings indicated that shared experiences can have interpersonal influence. The shared experience operationalization positively influenced felt closeness and social connection affordance. However, there was little indication that handlers could capitalize on shared experience to bolster commitment.

我们研究了利用共享经验招募人力情报(HUMINT)资源的可能性。这项研究基于两个假设。(a)共同的经历扩大了人际关系，从而增加了消息来源对情报安排的承诺程度。(b)共同经历提供的社会联系机会增加了这种承诺。

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引用次数: 0

Cyberbullying: Differentiating offenders criminal roles using a narrative-based approach 网络欺凌:使用基于叙述的方法区分罪犯的犯罪角色

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12254

Anita Fumagalli, Tori Jillings Trayford, Alexandros Chrysikos

Introduction

The majority of research conducted into cyberbullying tends to focus on the victims, due to the serious consequences and effects that this crime has on them. However, there is a need to explore, categorize and identify cyberbullies and their characteristics so that inferences and crime links can be made to prevent the crime. The present study aimed to investigate whether the Narrative Action System Model (NASM) could be used to identify and examine the psychological underpinnings of different cyberbully offending styles.

Methods

This model proposes four distinct narrative offender styles: the Professional, The Revenger, The Hero and the Victim. A total of 70 cases were analysed using a non-metric multidimensional scaling procedure (Smallest Space Analysis I).

Results

Results produced four types of cyberbully styles, which can be related to the differentiation proposed by the NASM, demonstrating an effective application of the model. The thematic structure of each cyberbully style was discussed. Limitations and implications were provided.

大多数关于网络欺凌的研究都倾向于关注受害者，因为这种犯罪行为对他们造成了严重的后果和影响。然而，有必要探索、分类和识别网络欺凌者及其特征，以便推断和犯罪联系，以预防犯罪。本研究旨在探讨叙述行为系统模型(NASM)是否可用于识别和检验不同网络欺凌犯罪类型的心理基础。

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引用次数: 0

Police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child victims and witnesses 警官在促进儿童受害者和证人诚实方面的看法和经验

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12250

Gadda Salhab, Lucy Akehurst, Hannah Cassidy, Victoria Talwar

Purpose

This two-phase study employed a mixed-methods design to explore UK police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child witnesses with a special focus on the recommended inclusion of Truth-Lies Discussions (TLDs) at the start of interviews with children.

Method

In Phase 1, police officers completed an online survey designed to cover their experiences and perceptions regarding truth-promotion with child witnesses. In Phase 2, police officers were individually interviewed to elicit an in-depth understanding of current practice relating to this aspect of investigative interviews with children.

Results

Around half of the survey respondents believed that TLDs promote honesty in children. The majority reported always using TLDs during interviews to ensure compliance with UK best-practice guidance. There was evidence of a misconception among some police officers that children's performance on TLDs was related to their subsequent truth-telling behaviour. Following analysis of the interview transcripts, we found a main theme of police officers' uses of TLDs, which included (i) gauging children's conceptual understanding of truths/lies, (ii) ensuring no deviation from guidance and (iii) communicating children's credibility to the court. A second main theme revealed the challenges and obstacles police officers perceived when embarking on TLDs. These were that (i) one type of TLD is not suitable for all children, (ii) the training is insignificant and the application is inappropriate and (iii) participants sometimes use alternative strategies to promote honesty with children.

Conclusion

Police officers reported following guidance because a failure to do so would jeopordise children's testimony and provided recommendations for future practice-informed research designs to test techniques for the promotion of honesty in child witnesses.

目的本研究采用混合方法设计，分两个阶段探讨英国警官在促进儿童证人诚实方面的看法和经验，特别关注建议在与儿童面谈开始时纳入 "真相-谎言讨论"（TLD）。方法在第 1 阶段，警官们完成了一项在线调查，调查内容包括他们在促进儿童证人诚实方面的经验和看法。在第 2 阶段，对警官进行了个别访谈，以深入了解与儿童调查访谈有关的现行做法。调查结果显示，约有一半的受访者认为 TLD 可以促进儿童诚实。大多数人报告说，在面谈过程中始终使用 TLD，以确保符合英国最佳做法指南。有证据表明，一些警官误认为儿童在 TLDs 中的表现与其随后的讲真话行为有关。在对访谈记录进行分析后，我们发现警官使用 TLDs 的一个主要主题包括：(i) 衡量儿童对真相/谎言的概念理解；(ii) 确保不偏离指南；(iii) 向法庭传达儿童的可信度。第二个主题揭示了警务人员在开展传统的语言使用问题时遇到的挑战和障碍。这些挑战和障碍是：(i) 一种类型的 TLD 并不适合所有儿童；(ii) 培训不重要，应用不恰当；(iii) 参与者有时使用其他战略促进对儿童的诚实。结论警务人员报告说，他们遵循了指导原则，因为如果不这样做，就会损害儿童的证词，并为今后以实践为依据的研究设计提供了建议，以测试促进儿童证人诚实的技巧。

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引用次数: 0

Memory distrust and suggestibility: A registered report 记忆失真和受暗示性注册报告

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12249

Iwona Dudek, Romuald Polczyk

Purpose

The study aimed to explore how memory distrust impacts two kinds of suggestibility: misinformation effect (Experiment 1) and interrogative suggestibility (Experiment 2). We verified whether recognizing discrepancies between personal memories and externally suggested information, along with certain individual differences, moderates the memory distrust-suggestibility link.

Methods

Experiment 1 (N = 306) followed a classic three-step procedure with a discrepancy awareness test. In Experiment 2 (N = 316) a computerized version of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale with a discrepancy awareness test was utilized. Both experiments manipulated the state of memory distrust and assessed participants' trait memory distrust, compliance, anxiety and self-esteem.

Results

While the effect of memory deterioration due to misinformation and suggestions was replicated, the hypotheses regarding the relationship between memory distrust and suggestibility were not confirmed. However, for interrogative suggestibility, individuals induced to doubt their own memory were more susceptible to suggestions when recognizing inconsistencies between the story and suggestive questions.

Conclusions

From the theoretical side, the concept of memory distrust appears to be useful to explain the reasons for succumbing to suggestions. However, our findings indicate that memory distrust toward committing omission errors and the experimentally induced state appear unrelated (misinformation effect paradigm) or marginally related (memory distrust state and interrogative suggestibility) to the tendency to yield to suggestions. This prompts further research using a different operationalisation of this construct.

目的本研究旨在探讨记忆不信任如何影响两种暗示性：误导效应（实验 1）和询问性暗示（实验 2）。我们验证了识别个人记忆与外部暗示信息之间的差异以及某些个体差异是否会调节记忆不信任与暗示性之间的联系。方法实验 1（N = 306）按照经典的三步程序进行了差异认知测试。实验 2（N = 316）采用了古德约翰森可暗示性量表的计算机版本，并进行了差异意识测试。两个实验都操纵了记忆不信任的状态，并评估了参与者的记忆不信任特质、顺从性、焦虑和自尊。结果虽然错误信息和暗示导致记忆力衰退的效果得到了验证，但有关记忆不信任和暗示性之间关系的假设却没有得到证实。然而，就审问暗示性而言，被诱导怀疑自己记忆的人在认识到故事与暗示性问题之间的不一致时，更容易受到暗示的影响。结论从理论上讲，记忆不信任的概念似乎有助于解释屈从于暗示的原因。然而，我们的研究结果表明，对犯下遗漏错误的记忆不信任和实验诱导状态似乎与屈从于暗示的倾向无关（错误信息效应范式）或关系不大（记忆不信任状态和询问暗示性）。这促使我们采用不同的操作方法对这一概念进行进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating dual harm and misconduct in Northern Ireland: A 1-year follow-up 调查北爱尔兰的双重伤害和不当行为:1年随访

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12248

Michelle Butler, Dominic Kelly, Catherine B. McNamee

Purpose

This study investigates whether men who engage in dual harm while imprisoned are disproportionately involved in committing misconduct during a 1-year follow-up period. It also examines whether dual harm is significantly associated with future involvement in misconduct, when other known risk factors for misconduct are considered, and whether this relationship varies depending on the type of misconduct examined.

Methods

Drawing on the administrative records of 430 men who were imprisoned during the 1-year follow-up period, a combination of descriptive statistics and negative binominal regressions was used to analyse the data.

Results

Roughly one-in-four men engaged in dual harm while imprisoned and were responsible for over half of all misconduct incidents recorded during the follow-up period. A significant relationship between dual harm, as well as violence-only harm compared to no harm, and future involvement in misconduct was also observed even when other known risk factors for misconduct were considered but only for violent and disorder-related misconduct, demonstrating this relationship varied by harm history and type of misconduct examined.

Conclusion

These findings address previous gaps in knowledge, advancing our understanding of the relationship between dual harm and misconduct. Possible explanations for why, compared to no-harm history, dual harm as well as violence-only harm was only related to violent and disorder-related misconduct are offered, alongside possible implications of this research for policy and practice.

这项研究调查了在监禁期间遭受双重伤害的男性在一年的随访期内是否不成比例地参与了不当行为。它还研究了当考虑到其他已知的不当行为风险因素时，双重伤害是否与未来参与不当行为有显著关联，以及这种关系是否因所检查的不当行为类型而异。根据430名在1年随访期间被监禁的男性的行政记录，结合描述性统计和负二项回归分析数据。大约四分之一的男性在监禁期间遭受双重伤害，并对随访期间记录的所有不当行为事件中的一半以上负责。即使考虑了其他已知的不当行为风险因素，但仅考虑了暴力和与混乱相关的不当行为，也观察到双重伤害、仅暴力伤害与无伤害之间的显著关系，表明这种关系因伤害史和所检查的不当行为类型而异。这些发现弥补了以前的知识空白，促进了我们对双重伤害和不当行为之间关系的理解。对于为什么与无伤害史相比，双重伤害和仅暴力伤害只与暴力和与混乱相关的不当行为有关，提供了可能的解释，以及这项研究对政策和实践的可能影响。

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引用次数: 0

The Post Office Scandal in the United Kingdom: Mental health and social experiences of wrongly convicted and wrongly accused individuals 英国邮局丑闻:被错误定罪和被错误指控的个人的心理健康和社会经历

IF 2.3 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-08-28 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12247

Bethany Growns, Jeff Kukucka, Richard Moorhead, Rebecca K. Helm

Background

Wrongful criminal conviction can significantly impair the mental health of exonerees. However, much less is known about wrongful accusation: the impact of wrongful legal allegations or investigations—absent conviction—on mental health outcomes.

Method

To address this gap, we surveyed 101 victims of the Post Office Scandal in the United Kingdom who were wrongly accused, convicted and/or investigated for financial ‘losses’ that were actually caused by software errors.

Results

Most respondents reported clinically significant post-traumatic stress (67%) and depressive (60%) symptoms—irrespective of the outcome of their case. These results suggest that both wrongful accusation and wrongful conviction can significantly impair mental health.

Conclusion

Our findings have important implications for victims of the Post Office Scandal and highlight the unique needs of people impacted by flawed convictions and flawed legal accusations. Our findings underscore the need to provide exonerees with holistic postrelease support and demonstrate that this support should also be extended to victims of wrongful accusation.

错误的刑事定罪会严重损害无辜者的心理健康。然而，人们对错误指控知之甚少:错误的法律指控或调查(没有定罪)对心理健康结果的影响。为了解决这一差距，我们调查了英国邮局丑闻的101名受害者，他们被错误地指控、定罪和/或因财务“损失”而被调查，而这些损失实际上是由软件错误造成的。大多数应答者报告了临床显著的创伤后应激(67%)和抑郁(60%)症状——无论其病例的结果如何。这些结果表明，错误的指控和错误的定罪都会显著损害心理健康。我们的研究结果对邮局丑闻的受害者具有重要意义，并突出了受到有缺陷的定罪和有缺陷的法律指控影响的人们的独特需求。我们的研究结果强调需要为无罪释放者提供全面的释放后支持，并表明这种支持也应扩展到错误指控的受害者。

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引用次数: 0

[Bioethics through a philosophical lens: the (bio)ontological foundations of Juliana González Valenzuela's proposal]. 哲学中的生命伦理学:朱莉安娜gonzalez Valenzuela提出的(生物)本体论基础

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.18294/sc.2023.4467

Roxana Nayeli Guerrero Sotelo, José Eduardo Orellana Centeno, Sabina López Toledo

The enrichment of bioethical proposals built from and for Latin America has been increasing in recent decades. In order to contribute to this, our objective is to present a proposal for a bioethical interpretation from a philosophical approach based on the identification of central concepts of Mexican philosopher Juliana González Valenzuela. A dual bio-ontological foundation was identified: a) the "dialectic phenomenology of life," which allows the synthesis between the biological and cultural aspects of human beings, as well as the overcoming of its contradictions; and b) the Homo humanus, which enables the existence of the bio-ethical being affirmed as an authentic being and one who seeks a good life (eu-bios and eu-zoein). Reflection on and critique of the implications that the bio-ontological foundation hypothetically couples to law and power led us to identify main arguments. However, the necessary link between the bio-ethical being and said disciplines was evidenced by virtue of their social and communitarian nature (zoon politikón, ζῷον πολῑτῐκόν).

提议修建的按部就班的从和浓缩为拉丁美洲几十年来一直在增加,有助于它是,我们的目标是一个提出解释哲学伦理编码识别核心概念起墨西哥哲学家Juliana gonzalez Valenzuela。确定了生物本体论的双重基础:a)“生命的辩证现象学”，使人的生物和文化方面得以综合，并克服其矛盾;b)人，使生物伦理存在的存在成为可能，确认为一个真实的存在，同时寻求美好的生活(eu- bios和eu-zoein)。反思和批判的影响bio-ontológico基础附加假设权力和权利,我们确定了主要argumentativas线,但主要evidenció之间的必要联系被bio-ético这些学科,根据社会和社区的性质(zoon politikón,ζῷονπολῑτῐκόν)。

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引用次数: 0

Misinformation are people susceptible to blatant error? 虚假信息是人们容易犯明显错误的原因吗？

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12246

Elizabeth F. Loftus

引用次数: 0

Does cognitive inflexibility predict violent extremist behaviour intentions? A registered direct replication report of Zmigrod et al., 2019 认知不灵活性是否预示着暴力极端主义行为的意图?Zmigrod等人，2019年注册的直接复制报告

IF 2.2 2区社会学 Q1 CRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY

Legal and Criminological Psychology

Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/lcrp.12245

The article listed below, intended for publication in the Special Issue ‘Direct Replications in Legal and Criminological Psychology’ was inadvertently published in a regular issue, volume 27, issue 2. This was due to a production error by the publisher and is not attributable to the authors or guest editors. This article should be cited as shown below.

Schumann, S., Salman, N. L., Clemmow, C., Gill, P. (2022). Does cognitive inflexibility predict violent extremist behaviour intentions? A registered direct replication report of Zmigrod et al., 2019. Legal and Criminal Psychology, 27, 329–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12201

We apologize for this error.

引用次数: 0