Recently, Brennen and Magnussen (2023, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32, 395) reviewed several approaches to detection of deception that have been extensively researched for several decades. While this review is timely, it is overly pessimistic regarding the applicability of psychological research to criminal investigations, and at the same time seems overly optimistic on techniques that are still in their infancy. While we remain cautious in recommending the application of many tests, we argue that the potential contribution of detection tests to law enforcement is much greater than what was implied by Brennen and Magnussen (2023, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 32, 395).
{"title":"Some lie-detection may actually be of forensic use: A comment on Brennen and Magnussen, Lie-detection: What works","authors":"Gershon Ben-Shakhar, Bruno Verschuere","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12260","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12260","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recently, Brennen and Magnussen (2023, <i>Current Directions in Psychological Science</i>, <b>32</b>, 395) reviewed several approaches to detection of deception that have been extensively researched for several decades. While this review is timely, it is overly pessimistic regarding the applicability of psychological research to criminal investigations, and at the same time seems overly optimistic on techniques that are still in their infancy. While we remain cautious in recommending the application of many tests, we argue that the potential contribution of detection tests to law enforcement is much greater than what was implied by Brennen and Magnussen (2023, <i>Current Directions in Psychological Science</i>, <b>32</b>, 395).</p>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140025238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reasoning behind lie detection based on imposing cognitive load is as follows. In interview settings lying is typically more mentally taxing than truth telling (Gombos, 2006; Walczyk et al., 2013). Theoretically, interviewers could exploit this difference by imposing cognitive load. This should affect lie tellers more than truth tellers because lie tellers will have fewer cognitive resources left over than truth tellers. Asking interviewees to recall their stories in reverse order is one way of imposing cognitive load. Although we (Vrij et al., 2012) and others (Evans et al., 2013) found support for the reverse order lie detection technique, Brimbal et al. (2023) found no support. After failing to replicate our findings, Brimbal et al. (2023) conclude that there may not be sufficient evidence to train the reverse order technique in the field. We came to this conclusion in Vrij and Fisher (2016)—an article cited by Brimbal et al. (2023)—amongst other reasons because the accuracy rates obtained by imposing cognitive load lie detection techniques are quite low. Two meta-analyses supported this conclusion: 58% accuracy rate for truth tellers and 63% for lie tellers in Vrij et al. (2017) and 58.39% (total accuracy rate) in Mac Giolla and Luke (2021). In other words, we are in full agreement with Brimbal et al. (2023) about the usefulness of using reverse order recall as an imposing cognitive load lie detection technique.
We still believe in the principle of imposing cognitive load lie detection but have difficulty translating it into a valuable lie detection technique. Apart from reverse order recall, we examined other ways to impose cognitive load, such as instructing interviewees to maintain eye contact with the interviewer (Vrij et al., 2010) or to remember a car registration number plate during the recall (Vrij, Deeb, et al., 2022). We do not recommend introducing such techniques either. The observable differences were not particularly strong and, although we can give interviewees such imposing cognitive load instructions in the lab, we do not consider it feasible in real life. The closest we came to a successful implementation of imposing cognitive load is in a collective interviewing scenario (interviewing pairs of interviewees together) where we used the forced turn-taking technique (Vernham et al., 2014). In forced turn-taking, the interviewer asks one interviewee to starts answering a question. After a short period of time the interviewer will then interrupt the interviewee and will ask the second interviewee to continue with the story. After again a short period of time that person is interrupted, and the first interviewee is asked to continue. Compared to lie telling pairs, truth telling pairs had more fluent continuations in their accounts, wherea
{"title":"From imposing cognitive load to exploiting different strategies: A reply to Brimbal et al. (2023)","authors":"Aldert Vrij, Sharon Leal","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reasoning behind lie detection based on imposing cognitive load is as follows. In interview settings lying is typically more mentally taxing than truth telling (Gombos, <span>2006</span>; Walczyk et al., <span>2013</span>). Theoretically, interviewers could exploit this difference by imposing cognitive load. This should affect lie tellers more than truth tellers because lie tellers will have fewer cognitive resources left over than truth tellers. Asking interviewees to recall their stories in reverse order is one way of imposing cognitive load. Although we (Vrij et al., <span>2012</span>) and others (Evans et al., <span>2013</span>) found support for the reverse order lie detection technique, Brimbal et al. (<span>2023</span>) found no support. After failing to replicate our findings, Brimbal et al. (<span>2023</span>) conclude that there may not be sufficient evidence to train the reverse order technique in the field. We came to this conclusion in Vrij and Fisher (<span>2016</span>)—an article cited by Brimbal et al. (<span>2023</span>)—amongst other reasons because the accuracy rates obtained by imposing cognitive load lie detection techniques are quite low. Two meta-analyses supported this conclusion: 58% accuracy rate for truth tellers and 63% for lie tellers in Vrij et al. (<span>2017</span>) and 58.39% (total accuracy rate) in Mac Giolla and Luke (<span>2021</span>). In other words, we are in full agreement with Brimbal et al. (<span>2023</span>) about the usefulness of using reverse order recall as an imposing cognitive load lie detection technique.</p>\u0000<p>We still believe in the principle of imposing cognitive load lie detection but have difficulty translating it into a valuable lie detection technique. Apart from reverse order recall, we examined other ways to impose cognitive load, such as instructing interviewees to maintain eye contact with the interviewer (Vrij et al., <span>2010</span>) or to remember a car registration number plate during the recall (Vrij, Deeb, et al., <span>2022</span>). We do not recommend introducing such techniques either. The observable differences were not particularly strong and, although we can give interviewees such imposing cognitive load instructions in the lab, we do not consider it feasible in real life. The closest we came to a successful implementation of imposing cognitive load is in a collective interviewing scenario (interviewing pairs of interviewees together) where we used the forced turn-taking technique (Vernham et al., <span>2014</span>). In forced turn-taking, the interviewer asks one interviewee to starts answering a question. After a short period of time the interviewer will then interrupt the interviewee and will ask the second interviewee to continue with the story. After again a short period of time that person is interrupted, and the first interviewee is asked to continue. Compared to lie telling pairs, truth telling pairs had more fluent continuations in their accounts, wherea","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138823724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laure Brimbal, Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby
The reverse order recall technique has been suggested as tool to improve deception detection accuracy. We conducted a registered replication and extension of Vrij et al., 2012's two experiments, testing whether the reverse order technique increases cues to deception in liars and accuracy in lie detection.
{"title":"Does telling a story in reverse elicit cues to deceit? A replication and extension of Vrij, Leal, Mann and Fisher (2012)","authors":"Laure Brimbal, Angela M. Jones, Elizabeth A. Quinby","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/lcrp.12252","url":null,"abstract":"The reverse order recall technique has been suggested as tool to improve deception detection accuracy. We conducted a registered replication and extension of Vrij et al., 2012's two experiments, testing whether the reverse order technique increases cues to deception in liars and accuracy in lie detection.","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138566254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jillian Rivard, Victoria Carlson, Devon E. LaBat, Nadja Schreiber Compo
Background
Previous research has highlighted the potentially detrimental effects of pre-interview preparation on witness memory within an interview context (Rivard et al., 2016). The present study examined the effect of an interviewer's pre-interview knowledge on eyewitness memory beyond the initial interview.
Method
Student witnesses were interviewed one week after viewing a mock crime event by a student interviewer who was either correctly informed, incorrectly informed, or uninformed (blind) to case details and who was either told to avoid suggestions or was not given cautionary instructions.
Results
Analyses of the witnesses' recall quantity and quality one week after the interview revealed that witnesses of blind interviewers recalled more details than witnesses of incorrectly informed interviewers. Witnesses of blind interviewers were also more accurate than witnesses of incorrectly informed interviewers, but only when interviewers were warned not to ask suggestive questions.
Implications
Findings suggest that interviewer training and pre-interview knowledge may play an important role in witness recall.
{"title":"The delayed impact of informed versus blind interviewing on eyewitness memory","authors":"Jillian Rivard, Victoria Carlson, Devon E. LaBat, Nadja Schreiber Compo","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12253","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12253","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has highlighted the potentially detrimental effects of pre-interview preparation on witness memory within an interview context (Rivard et al., 2016). The present study examined the effect of an interviewer's pre-interview knowledge on eyewitness memory beyond the initial interview.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Student witnesses were interviewed one week after viewing a mock crime event by a student interviewer who was either correctly informed, incorrectly informed, or uninformed (blind) to case details and who was either told to avoid suggestions or was not given cautionary instructions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Analyses of the witnesses' recall quantity and quality one week after the interview revealed that witnesses of blind interviewers recalled more details than witnesses of incorrectly informed interviewers. Witnesses of blind interviewers were also more accurate than witnesses of incorrectly informed interviewers, but only when interviewers were warned not to ask suggestive questions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings suggest that interviewer training and pre-interview knowledge may play an important role in witness recall.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We examined the possibility of using shared experiences to recruit human intelligence (HUMINT) sources. The research was based on two hypotheses. (a) Shared experiences amplify interpersonal affiliation, which increases the extent to which sources will commit to an intelligence arrangement. (b) The social connection opportunity shared experiences afford is what increases such commitment.
Methods
Participants assumed the role of a source meeting a potential handler, a police officer, to discuss an arrangement whereby they might supply intelligence. We manipulated shared experience via the meeting's setting. Half of the participants underwent a shared experience to facilitate interpersonal affiliation with the handler, and the other half did not undergo such an experience. The handler used one of two approaches to propose the arrangement. One approach afforded a social connection opportunity, and the other constrained the possibility of a social connection in the arrangement.
Results
The findings indicated that shared experiences can have interpersonal influence. The shared experience operationalization positively influenced felt closeness and social connection affordance. However, there was little indication that handlers could capitalize on shared experience to bolster commitment.
{"title":"Using shared experiences to recruit committed human intelligence sources: Exploring the shared attention mechanism and the role of social connection","authors":"David A. Neequaye, Pär Anders Granhag","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12251","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12251","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined the possibility of using shared experiences to recruit human intelligence (HUMINT) sources. The research was based on two hypotheses. (a) Shared experiences amplify interpersonal affiliation, which increases the extent to which sources will commit to an intelligence arrangement. (b) The social connection opportunity shared experiences afford is what increases such commitment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants assumed the role of a source meeting a potential handler, a police officer, to discuss an arrangement whereby they might supply intelligence. We manipulated shared experience via the meeting's setting. Half of the participants underwent a shared experience to facilitate interpersonal affiliation with the handler, and the other half did not undergo such an experience. The handler used one of two approaches to propose the arrangement. One approach afforded a social connection opportunity, and the other constrained the possibility of a social connection in the arrangement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings indicated that shared experiences can have interpersonal influence. The shared experience operationalization positively influenced felt closeness and social connection affordance. However, there was little indication that handlers could capitalize on shared experience to bolster commitment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anita Fumagalli, Tori Jillings Trayford, Alexandros Chrysikos
Introduction
The majority of research conducted into cyberbullying tends to focus on the victims, due to the serious consequences and effects that this crime has on them. However, there is a need to explore, categorize and identify cyberbullies and their characteristics so that inferences and crime links can be made to prevent the crime. The present study aimed to investigate whether the Narrative Action System Model (NASM) could be used to identify and examine the psychological underpinnings of different cyberbully offending styles.
Methods
This model proposes four distinct narrative offender styles: the Professional, The Revenger, The Hero and the Victim. A total of 70 cases were analysed using a non-metric multidimensional scaling procedure (Smallest Space Analysis I).
Results
Results produced four types of cyberbully styles, which can be related to the differentiation proposed by the NASM, demonstrating an effective application of the model. The thematic structure of each cyberbully style was discussed. Limitations and implications were provided.
{"title":"Cyberbullying: Differentiating offenders criminal roles using a narrative-based approach","authors":"Anita Fumagalli, Tori Jillings Trayford, Alexandros Chrysikos","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12254","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12254","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of research conducted into cyberbullying tends to focus on the victims, due to the serious consequences and effects that this crime has on them. However, there is a need to explore, categorize and identify cyberbullies and their characteristics so that inferences and crime links can be made to prevent the crime. The present study aimed to investigate whether the Narrative Action System Model (NASM) could be used to identify and examine the psychological underpinnings of different cyberbully offending styles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This model proposes four distinct narrative offender styles: the Professional, The Revenger, The Hero and the Victim. A total of 70 cases were analysed using a non-metric multidimensional scaling procedure (Smallest Space Analysis I).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results produced four types of cyberbully styles, which can be related to the differentiation proposed by the NASM, demonstrating an effective application of the model. The thematic structure of each cyberbully style was discussed. Limitations and implications were provided.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138516029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gadda Salhab, Lucy Akehurst, Hannah Cassidy, Victoria Talwar
Purpose
This two-phase study employed a mixed-methods design to explore UK police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child witnesses with a special focus on the recommended inclusion of Truth-Lies Discussions (TLDs) at the start of interviews with children.
Method
In Phase 1, police officers completed an online survey designed to cover their experiences and perceptions regarding truth-promotion with child witnesses. In Phase 2, police officers were individually interviewed to elicit an in-depth understanding of current practice relating to this aspect of investigative interviews with children.
Results
Around half of the survey respondents believed that TLDs promote honesty in children. The majority reported always using TLDs during interviews to ensure compliance with UK best-practice guidance. There was evidence of a misconception among some police officers that children's performance on TLDs was related to their subsequent truth-telling behaviour. Following analysis of the interview transcripts, we found a main theme of police officers' uses of TLDs, which included (i) gauging children's conceptual understanding of truths/lies, (ii) ensuring no deviation from guidance and (iii) communicating children's credibility to the court. A second main theme revealed the challenges and obstacles police officers perceived when embarking on TLDs. These were that (i) one type of TLD is not suitable for all children, (ii) the training is insignificant and the application is inappropriate and (iii) participants sometimes use alternative strategies to promote honesty with children.
Conclusion
Police officers reported following guidance because a failure to do so would jeopordise children's testimony and provided recommendations for future practice-informed research designs to test techniques for the promotion of honesty in child witnesses.
{"title":"Police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child victims and witnesses","authors":"Gadda Salhab, Lucy Akehurst, Hannah Cassidy, Victoria Talwar","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12250","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12250","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This two-phase study employed a mixed-methods design to explore UK police officers' perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child witnesses with a special focus on the recommended inclusion of Truth-Lies Discussions (TLDs) at the start of interviews with children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Phase 1, police officers completed an online survey designed to cover their experiences and perceptions regarding truth-promotion with child witnesses. In Phase 2, police officers were individually interviewed to elicit an in-depth understanding of current practice relating to this aspect of investigative interviews with children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Around half of the survey respondents believed that TLDs promote honesty in children. The majority reported always using TLDs during interviews to ensure compliance with UK best-practice guidance. There was evidence of a misconception among some police officers that children's performance on TLDs was related to their subsequent truth-telling behaviour. Following analysis of the interview transcripts, we found a main theme of police officers' <i>uses of TLDs</i>, which included (i) gauging children's conceptual understanding of truths/lies, (ii) ensuring no deviation from guidance and (iii) communicating children's credibility to the court. A second main theme revealed the <i>challenges and obstacles</i> police officers perceived when embarking on TLDs. These were that (i) one type of TLD is not suitable for all children, (ii) the training is insignificant and the application is inappropriate and (iii) participants sometimes use alternative strategies to promote honesty with children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Police officers reported following guidance because a failure to do so would jeopordise children's testimony and provided recommendations for future practice-informed research designs to test techniques for the promotion of honesty in child witnesses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to explore how memory distrust impacts two kinds of suggestibility: misinformation effect (Experiment 1) and interrogative suggestibility (Experiment 2). We verified whether recognizing discrepancies between personal memories and externally suggested information, along with certain individual differences, moderates the memory distrust-suggestibility link.
Methods
Experiment 1 (N = 306) followed a classic three-step procedure with a discrepancy awareness test. In Experiment 2 (N = 316) a computerized version of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale with a discrepancy awareness test was utilized. Both experiments manipulated the state of memory distrust and assessed participants' trait memory distrust, compliance, anxiety and self-esteem.
Results
While the effect of memory deterioration due to misinformation and suggestions was replicated, the hypotheses regarding the relationship between memory distrust and suggestibility were not confirmed. However, for interrogative suggestibility, individuals induced to doubt their own memory were more susceptible to suggestions when recognizing inconsistencies between the story and suggestive questions.
Conclusions
From the theoretical side, the concept of memory distrust appears to be useful to explain the reasons for succumbing to suggestions. However, our findings indicate that memory distrust toward committing omission errors and the experimentally induced state appear unrelated (misinformation effect paradigm) or marginally related (memory distrust state and interrogative suggestibility) to the tendency to yield to suggestions. This prompts further research using a different operationalisation of this construct.
{"title":"Memory distrust and suggestibility: A registered report","authors":"Iwona Dudek, Romuald Polczyk","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12249","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12249","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study aimed to explore how memory distrust impacts two kinds of suggestibility: misinformation effect (Experiment 1) and interrogative suggestibility (Experiment 2). We verified whether recognizing discrepancies between personal memories and externally suggested information, along with certain individual differences, moderates the memory distrust-suggestibility link.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Experiment 1 (<i>N</i> = 306) followed a classic three-step procedure with a discrepancy awareness test. In Experiment 2 (<i>N</i> = 316) a computerized version of the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale with a discrepancy awareness test was utilized. Both experiments manipulated the state of memory distrust and assessed participants' trait memory distrust, compliance, anxiety and self-esteem.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While the effect of memory deterioration due to misinformation and suggestions was replicated, the hypotheses regarding the relationship between memory distrust and suggestibility were not confirmed. However, for interrogative suggestibility, individuals induced to doubt their own memory were more susceptible to suggestions when recognizing inconsistencies between the story and suggestive questions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From the theoretical side, the concept of memory distrust appears to be useful to explain the reasons for succumbing to suggestions. However, our findings indicate that memory distrust toward committing omission errors and the experimentally induced state appear unrelated (misinformation effect paradigm) or marginally related (memory distrust state and interrogative suggestibility) to the tendency to yield to suggestions. This prompts further research using a different operationalisation of this construct.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michelle Butler, Dominic Kelly, Catherine B. McNamee
Purpose
This study investigates whether men who engage in dual harm while imprisoned are disproportionately involved in committing misconduct during a 1-year follow-up period. It also examines whether dual harm is significantly associated with future involvement in misconduct, when other known risk factors for misconduct are considered, and whether this relationship varies depending on the type of misconduct examined.
Methods
Drawing on the administrative records of 430 men who were imprisoned during the 1-year follow-up period, a combination of descriptive statistics and negative binominal regressions was used to analyse the data.
Results
Roughly one-in-four men engaged in dual harm while imprisoned and were responsible for over half of all misconduct incidents recorded during the follow-up period. A significant relationship between dual harm, as well as violence-only harm compared to no harm, and future involvement in misconduct was also observed even when other known risk factors for misconduct were considered but only for violent and disorder-related misconduct, demonstrating this relationship varied by harm history and type of misconduct examined.
Conclusion
These findings address previous gaps in knowledge, advancing our understanding of the relationship between dual harm and misconduct. Possible explanations for why, compared to no-harm history, dual harm as well as violence-only harm was only related to violent and disorder-related misconduct are offered, alongside possible implications of this research for policy and practice.
{"title":"Investigating dual harm and misconduct in Northern Ireland: A 1-year follow-up","authors":"Michelle Butler, Dominic Kelly, Catherine B. McNamee","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12248","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12248","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates whether men who engage in dual harm while imprisoned are disproportionately involved in committing misconduct during a 1-year follow-up period. It also examines whether dual harm is significantly associated with future involvement in misconduct, when other known risk factors for misconduct are considered, and whether this relationship varies depending on the type of misconduct examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Drawing on the administrative records of 430 men who were imprisoned during the 1-year follow-up period, a combination of descriptive statistics and negative binominal regressions was used to analyse the data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Roughly one-in-four men engaged in dual harm while imprisoned and were responsible for over half of all misconduct incidents recorded during the follow-up period. A significant relationship between dual harm, as well as violence-only harm compared to no harm, and future involvement in misconduct was also observed even when other known risk factors for misconduct were considered but only for violent and disorder-related misconduct, demonstrating this relationship varied by harm history and type of misconduct examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings address previous gaps in knowledge, advancing our understanding of the relationship between dual harm and misconduct. Possible explanations for why, compared to no-harm history, dual harm as well as violence-only harm was only related to violent and disorder-related misconduct are offered, alongside possible implications of this research for policy and practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45206838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号