Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献_第3页

Neuroprotective and neuromodulatory role of agmatine in mitigating simulated microgravity-induced cognitive and behavioral deficits in rats 胍丁氨酸在减轻模拟微重力诱导的大鼠认知和行为缺陷中的神经保护和神经调节作用

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.09.005

Pankaj Neje, Sayli Kulkarni, Shalakha Dabhekar, Brijesh Taksande, Milind Umekar, Shubhada Mangrulkar

Extended periods of microgravity during orbital flights can impair astronauts' cognitive abilities, including learning and memory, posing a persistent health concern in the field of aerospace medicine. The study examined the pharmacological effects of agmatine and its influence on simulated neurobehavioral changes in rats under microgravity conditions. Rats were exposed to simulated microgravity (SMG) conditions using the hindlimb unloading (HU) model for 28 days and evaluated for behavioural alterations using the open field test, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test, and cognitive deficits using the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze. Further, brain agmatine levels, neurochemical and structural alterations in the hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex were examined. Chronic agmatine treatment dose-dependently (40 and 80mg/kg) and its endogenous modulation by l-arginine, and aminoguanidine prevented behavioral and cognitive deficits by improving exploratory behaviour, reducing anxiety-depressive-like symptoms, and enhancing cognitive performance. Our findings reported a significant reduction in agmatine levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in SMG conditions. Agmatine administration and its modulation normalized neurotransmitter imbalances, especially by restoring the reduced levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, and serotonin, along with a reduction of elevated levels of glutamate in SMG conditions. Moreover, agmatine decreased reactive oxygen species production, enhanced hippocampal antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and improved IL-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in HU rats. Moreover, agmatine and its endogenous modulation preserved neuronal cells of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In conclusion, the present study suggests that agmatine administration and modulation of endogenous agmatine levels effectively mitigate SMG-induced neurological dysregulation through neuroprotection and neuromodulation. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects opens up new possibilities for creating novel interventions targeting agmatinergic signaling in spaceflight conditions and associated complications.

轨道飞行期间长时间的微重力会损害宇航员的认知能力，包括学习和记忆能力，这是航空航天医学领域持续存在的健康问题。本研究考察了胍丁氨酸的药理作用及其对微重力条件下大鼠模拟神经行为变化的影响。采用后肢卸载（HU）模型将大鼠置于模拟微重力（SMG）条件下28天，并通过开放场测试、高架迷宫和强迫游泳测试评估行为改变，以及使用新型物体识别测试和Morris水迷宫评估认知缺陷。此外，还检测了大脑agmatine水平、海马体和前额皮质的神经化学和结构变化。慢性胍丁氨酸剂量依赖性治疗（40和80mg/kg）及其内源性调节由l-精氨酸和氨基胍通过改善探索行为、减少焦虑抑郁样症状和增强认知表现来预防行为和认知缺陷。我们的研究结果报告了SMG条件下海马和前额皮质中agmatine水平的显著降低。Agmatine给药及其调节使神经递质失衡正常化，特别是通过恢复降低的γ -氨基丁酸、多巴胺和血清素水平，以及降低SMG条件下升高的谷氨酸水平。此外，agmatine降低了HU大鼠的活性氧产生，增强了海马抗氧化酶活性，抑制了促炎细胞因子（TNF-α, IL-6），提高了IL-10和脑源性神经营养因子水平。此外，胍丁胺及其内源性调节保护了海马和前额皮质的神经元细胞。总之，本研究表明，内源性agmatine的给药和调节agmatine水平可以通过神经保护和神经调节有效减轻smg诱导的神经失调。了解这些效应背后的神经生物学机制，为创造新的干预措施提供了新的可能性，这些干预措施针对航天条件下的aginergic信号传导和相关并发症。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility of portable Raman SERS for blood biomarker monitoring in spaceflight conditions 便携式拉曼SERS用于航天条件下血液生物标志物监测的可行性

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.11.013

Hayley N. Brawley , Isaac D. Juárez , Dmitry Kurouski , Sara R. Zwart , Scott M. Smith

Raman spectroscopy has gained prominence in biological and medical applications due to its ability to detect biomolecules in a non-destructive and real-time manner. This is particularly valuable for space missions, where in situ biomarker analysis is crucial for monitoring astronaut health on missions where timely sample return is not possible. The challenges associated with detecting low-abundance biomarkers in a complex biological matrix, such as blood, can be addressed through surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study represents a ground-based preliminary investigation into the use of SERS in combination with portable Raman spectroscopy for in situ blood biomarker detection. We aimed to assess whether signal enhancement could be achieved using the Agilent Vaya™ Raman spectrometer with AuNPs, under minimal sample processing conditions. The handheld portable device reliably captured albumin-dominated Raman spectra from both serum and plasma. When combined with AuNPs, SERS amplification revealed additional weak spectral bands, presumably from low-abundance biomolecules otherwise masked by dominant protein signals, resulting in an average signal increase of 67 %. These findings demonstrate that portable SERS-based Raman spectroscopy can uncover subtle biochemical information from complex, unfiltered samples, supporting its utility for future real-time biomarker monitoring in resource-limited environments such as spaceflight.

拉曼光谱由于能够以非破坏性和实时的方式检测生物分子，在生物和医学应用中获得了突出的地位。这对空间任务尤其有价值，因为在不可能及时返回样本的任务中，现场生物标志物分析对于监测宇航员健康至关重要。在复杂的生物基质（如血液）中检测低丰度生物标志物的挑战可以通过使用金纳米颗粒（AuNPs）的表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）来解决。这项研究代表了一项基于地面的初步调查，将SERS与便携式拉曼光谱相结合，用于原位血液生物标志物检测。我们的目的是评估在最小的样品处理条件下，使用安捷伦Vaya™带AuNPs的拉曼光谱仪是否可以实现信号增强。手持式便携式设备可靠地从血清和血浆中捕获白蛋白为主的拉曼光谱。当与AuNPs结合时，SERS扩增显示出额外的弱光谱带，可能来自低丰度的生物分子，否则会被显性蛋白信号掩盖，导致平均信号增加67%。这些发现表明，便携式基于sers的拉曼光谱可以从复杂的、未过滤的样品中发现微妙的生化信息，支持其在未来资源有限的环境（如航天）中实时监测生物标志物的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into the effect of microgravity on phytopathogens and plant-associated microbes 微重力对植物病原体和植物相关微生物的影响

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.08.003

Aditya Abhijeet Guha , S. Harish , V. Sendhilvel , S. Ramasubramoniam , M. Siva

With the evolving circumstances on Earth and the burgeoning scientific interest in space, space exploration is experiencing significant growth. As human presence in space increases, the necessity for cultivating fresh food becomes a critical consideration for astronauts' health and psychological well-being. Consequently, 'space farming' emerges as a vital area of research for the future. However, the conditions in space differ markedly from those on Earth, exposing plants and humans to various abiotic stressors, one of which is microgravity. Microgravity refers to the diminished gravitational force experienced by objects in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). This microgravity stress adversely impacts plant physiology, compromising their immune systems to varying degrees. Despite rigorous sanitation protocols, microbial contamination has been documented aboard the International Space Station (ISS), with some of these microbes identified as plant pathogens, exemplified by the infection of Zinnia hybrida by Fusarium oxysporum. Prior research indicates that the pathogenicity of these plant pathogens is exacerbated under microgravity conditions. Furthermore, microbes may undergo previously unobserved morphological changes, such as the formation of microcolonies in Ulocladium chartarum. Exposure to microgravity also facilitates alterations in the endophytic communities within crops and expands the potential for cross-kingdom interactions, including the stomatal entry of the human pathogen Salmonella species. This review discusses the implications of microgravity on plants, plant pathogens/plant growth-promoting microbes, their interactions with one another and the need for understanding these interactions for future space missions.

随着地球环境的变化和对太空科学兴趣的蓬勃发展，太空探索正经历着显著的增长。随着人类在太空中的存在越来越多，培育新鲜食物的必要性成为宇航员健康和心理健康的关键考虑因素。因此，“太空农业”成为未来研究的一个重要领域。然而，太空中的条件与地球上的条件明显不同，使植物和人类暴露在各种非生物压力下，其中之一就是微重力。微重力是指物体在低地球轨道（LEO）上所受的引力减弱。这种微重力胁迫对植物的生理机能产生不利影响，不同程度地损害了它们的免疫系统。尽管有严格的卫生协议，但国际空间站（ISS）上的微生物污染已被记录在案，其中一些微生物被确定为植物病原体，例如百日草（Zinnia hybrida）被尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）感染。先前的研究表明，这些植物病原体的致病性在微重力条件下会加剧。此外，微生物可能会经历以前未观察到的形态变化，例如在乌洛克兰（Ulocladium chartarum）中形成微菌落。暴露在微重力环境中也促进了作物内生菌群落的改变，扩大了跨界相互作用的可能性，包括人类病原体沙门氏菌物种的气孔进入。本文综述了微重力对植物、植物病原体/植物生长促进微生物的影响、它们之间的相互作用以及了解这些相互作用对未来太空任务的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic changes in ocular and retinal function across acute hypobaric hypoxia 急性低气压缺氧时眼和视网膜功能的动态变化

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.11.009

Xinli Yu , Jiaxi Li , Yuchen Wang , Jun Zhou , Xuemin Li , Li Ding

Visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome has been recognized as a major health risk during long-duration spaceflight, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Terrestrial high-altitude hypoxia provides a relevant analog to investigate these processes. In this study, 39 healthy participants were evaluated at baseline (sea level) and during acute exposure to 3500 m, 4000 m, and 4500 m. Measurements included refraction [sphere (SPH), cylinder (CYL)], intraocular pressure (IOP), and electroretinography (ERG). The results demonstrated subtle, non-significant fluctuations in refraction and IOP across different altitudes. ERG responses showed a reduction in amplitude and an increase in latency, especially a significant reduction in the amplitude of the flicker b-wave, suggesting that the inner retinal layer is extremely sensitive to hypoxia. Regression analyses identified a significant negative association between IOP and flicker B-wave amplitude (β = −0.307, p = 0.031), whereas no significant associations were found between refractive status and ERG parameters. These findings suggest that acute hypoxic exposure affects retinal function while subtly altering ocular optics, reflecting aspects of the VIIP syndrome and acute mountain sickness (AMS). Therefore, our findings provide a rationale for future validation of noninvasive ocular measurements, including refraction and ERG, as candidate biomarkers for hypoxia-related visual and neurological risk in both high-altitude and spaceflight environments.

视障和颅内压综合征已被认为是长时间航天飞行期间的主要健康风险，但其潜在机制仍未完全了解。陆地高海拔缺氧为研究这些过程提供了一个相关的类比。在这项研究中，39名健康参与者在基线（海平面）和急性暴露于3500米、4000米和4500米时进行了评估。测量包括屈光[球体（SPH），圆柱体（CYL）]，眼压（IOP）和视网膜电图（ERG）。结果显示，在不同的海拔高度，折射和眼压有细微的、不显著的波动。ERG反应表现为幅度降低和潜伏期增加，尤其是闪烁b波幅度显著降低，提示视网膜内层对缺氧极为敏感。回归分析发现IOP与闪烁b波振幅呈显著负相关（β = - 0.307, p = 0.031），而屈光状态与ERG参数无显著相关。这些发现表明，急性缺氧暴露会影响视网膜功能，同时微妙地改变眼部光学，反映了VIIP综合征和急性高原病（AMS）的某些方面。因此，我们的研究结果为未来验证无创眼部测量（包括屈光和ERG）作为高海拔和航天环境中与缺氧相关的视觉和神经风险的候选生物标志物提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

From Antarctic regolith to lunar greenhouses: Mechanistic insights into Brassica rapa photosystem II dynamics for sustainable space agriculture 从南极风化层到月球温室：对可持续空间农业的芸苔光系统II动力学的机械见解

IF 2.8 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.09.008

Syed Inzimam Ul Haq, Josef Hájek, Miloš Barták

Sustainable agriculture systems utilizing in-situ resources are crucial for future human missions to the Moon and Mars. Antarctic regolith, a terrestrial analog of lunar soil, offers an opportunity to understand how plants respond physiologically to nutrient-poor extraterrestrial substrates. This study assessed biomass production and photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry in Brassica rapa grown in Antarctic regolith under nutrient-enriched (Hoagland solution) and nutrient-deficient (double-distilled water) conditions, using vermiculated soil as a control and soil amendment. Biomass accumulation significantly improved with nutrient supplementation. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including Fv/Fm, Φ_PSII, qP, NPQ, and RFD, indicated severe inhibition of PSII processes and activation of photoprotective responses in the plants grown in untreated regolith. Normalized fast chlorophyll fluorescence transients (OJIPs) revealed slowed electron transport kinetics and reduced PSII efficiency in nutrient-deficient regolith-grown plants, while differential l- and K-band analyses indicated weakened PSII connectivity and partial inactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex specifically under nutrient deprivation conditions. OJIP-derived parameters (PI_ABS, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC) quantitatively confirmed these functional disruptions in PSII, with nutrient supplementation reversing impairments and optimizing energy fluxes. Our results suggest Antarctic regolith can serve as a functional lunar simulant in the preflight, on-Earth experiments. Nutrient and substrate optimization can effectively maintain PSII performance high, offering a foundation for future extraterrestrial plant-based life support systems with optimized photosynthesis and biomass production.

利用就地资源的可持续农业系统对人类未来的月球和火星任务至关重要。南极风化层是月球土壤的陆地模拟物，它提供了一个了解植物如何对营养贫乏的外星基质做出生理反应的机会。本研究利用多孔土壤作为对照和土壤改良剂，对生长在南极风化层中富营养化（Hoagland溶液）和贫营养化（双蒸馏水）条件下的芸苔（Brassica rapa）的生物量和光系统II （PSII）光化学进行了研究。添加养分显著提高了生物量积累。叶绿素荧光参数，包括Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、qP、NPQ和RFD，表明在未经处理的风化层中生长的植物，PSII过程受到严重抑制，光保护反应被激活。标准化的快速叶绿素荧光瞬态（OJIPs）显示，营养缺乏的覆岩植物的电子传递动力学减慢，PSII效率降低，而差异的l-和k -波段分析表明，在营养剥夺条件下，PSII连通性减弱，并部分失活。ojip衍生的参数（PIABS、ABS/RC、TRo/RC、ETo/RC、DIo/RC）定量证实了PSII的这些功能破坏，营养补充可以逆转损伤并优化能量通量。我们的研究结果表明，在飞行前的地球实验中，南极风化层可以作为功能性的月球模拟物。养分和底物优化可以有效地保持PSII的高性能，为未来优化光合作用和生物量生产的地外植物生命维持系统提供基础。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in health monitoring technologies for astronauts in deep space missions: A Review 深空任务航天员健康监测技术进展综述

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.06.011

Rabhya Gupta , Partho S. Ghosh

Health monitoring for astronauts is critical to ensure the safety and well-being of crew members during long-duration space missions. This paper presents an overview of the technologies developed to monitor various physiological parameters in space, focusing on the challenges posed by the space environment, including microgravity, radiation, and isolation. The paper reviews the evolution of wearable health monitoring systems and analyzes key advancements in sensor technology, AI-driven diagnostics, and data transmission. It evaluates past and present systems, highlighting trends such as improved sensor accuracy, miniaturization for enhanced wearability, and the shift from Earth-dependent monitoring to autonomous, AI-supported health assessments. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including sensor complexity, data processing limitations, and system longevity. Based on this evaluation, the paper proposes a framework for a next-generation health monitoring system to optimize astronaut health monitoring in deep space. This system integrates minimal yet strategic physiological sensors, machine learning-driven predictive diagnostics, efficient data compression, and adaptive sensing. This review aims to provide insights into the strengths and gaps of existing technologies while suggesting potential advancements for future space missions.

对宇航员进行健康监测对于确保长期太空任务期间机组人员的安全和健康至关重要。本文概述了为监测空间各种生理参数而开发的技术，重点介绍了空间环境带来的挑战，包括微重力、辐射和隔离。本文回顾了可穿戴健康监测系统的发展，分析了传感器技术、人工智能驱动诊断和数据传输方面的关键进展。它评估了过去和现在的系统，强调了诸如提高传感器精度、小型化以增强可穿戴性以及从依赖地球的监测向自主、人工智能支持的健康评估的转变等趋势。尽管取得了这些进步，但仍然存在挑战，包括传感器复杂性、数据处理限制和系统寿命。在此基础上，提出了优化深空航天员健康监测的下一代健康监测系统框架。该系统集成了最小但具有战略意义的生理传感器、机器学习驱动的预测诊断、高效数据压缩和自适应传感。该审查旨在深入了解现有技术的优势和差距，同时为未来的太空任务提出潜在的进步建议。

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引用次数: 0

From the desk of the editor in chief 从总编辑的办公桌上

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.07.004

引用次数: 0

Heart rate variability (HRV) changes during the fatigue progression of manual material handling in acute hypobaric hypoxia environments 心率变异性（HRV）在急性低压缺氧环境下手工搬运材料的疲劳过程中发生变化

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.07.002

Chao Sun , Xiaoxue Yan , Li Ding , Jing Zhang , Jiachen Nie , Qing Zhang , Junhui Huang , Yiyang Zhao , Zhongqi Liu

To support National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) lunar habitat plans utilizing hypobaric hypoxia (HH) environments, this study investigated the combined effects of acute hypoxia severity and physical fatigue on astronauts’ autonomic nervous system and cardiac responses during manual tasks. Ten subjects conducted repeated 25-kg box manual material handling (MMH) tasks to fatigue across normobaric normoxia (NN, 0 m), moderate (MH, 3500 m), and severe hypobaric hypoxia (SH, 4500 m), while electrocardiogram-derived heart rate variability (HRV) indices were analyzed. Increasing severity of hypoxia evoked a significant decline in parasympathetic markers (root mean square of successive interbeat intervals differences (lnRMSSD, p = 0.032), Poincaré plot standard deviation perpendicular the line of identity (SD1, p = 0.032), natural logarithm of high frequency power (lnHF, p = 0.018)), coupled with a significant increase in heart rate and sympathovagal balance indices (SD2 (Poincaré plot standard deviation along the line of identity)/SD1, p = 0.008; lnLF (natural logarithm of low frequency power)/lnHF, p = 0.001). The number of MMH repetitions at the onset of moderate fatigue under SH was significantly lower than that under NN (p = 0.039). In the SH condition, both the time for each MMH set before (p = 0.036) and following (p = 0.018) the onset of moderate fatigue were significantly longer than those observed under the NN condition. At the moderate fatigue phase, the SD2/SD1 was significantly higher in SH than that in NN(p = 0.01) and SH(p = 0.01). The remaining HRV indices only demonstrated a main effect of time. The findings offer valuable insights into the design of hypoxic environments in extraterrestrial habitats and into the monitoring and safeguarding of astronaut fatigue and cardiovascular safety.

为了支持美国国家航空航天局（NASA）利用低压缺氧（HH）环境的月球栖息地计划，本研究调查了急性缺氧严重程度和身体疲劳对宇航员在手动任务期间自主神经系统和心脏反应的综合影响。10名受试者在常压常氧（NN, 0 m）、中度（MH, 3500 m）和重度低压缺氧（SH, 4500 m）条件下进行重复的25公斤箱子手工搬运（MMH）任务，以达到疲劳状态，同时分析心电图衍生的心率变异性（HRV）指数。缺氧严重程度的增加引起副交感神经标记显著下降（连续心跳间隔差的均方根（lnRMSSD, p = 0.032），垂直于同一线的poincar图标准差（SD1, p = 0.032），高频功率的自然对数（lnHF, p = 0.018）），同时心率和交感病理迷走神经平衡指数显著增加(SD2 （poincar图沿同一线的标准差）/SD1, p = 0.008；lnLF（低频功率自然对数）/lnHF, p = 0.001)。中度疲劳开始时，高强度训练的MMH重复次数显著低于低强度训练（p = 0.039）。在SH条件下，每个MMH在中度疲劳发生前（p = 0.036）和之后（p = 0.018）的时间都明显长于NN条件下的时间。在中度疲劳阶段，SH组的SD2/SD1显著高于NN组（p = 0.01）和SH组（p = 0.01）。其余HRV指数仅显示时间的主要影响。这些发现为设计地外栖息地的低氧环境以及监测和保护宇航员疲劳和心血管安全提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Celestial hazards: immunological and pulmonary effects of lunar and Martian regolith simulants 天体危害：月球和火星风化模拟物的免疫和肺部影响

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.07.003

Christopher C. Ferraro , Deyaneira Tirado , Mariola J. Ferraro

Lunar and Martian dusts present emerging health hazards to astronauts, particularly during long-duration missions such as those planned under NASA's Artemis program. These extraterrestrial regoliths possess unique physicochemical properties—such as angular morphology, high surface area, and reactive mineral phases—that distinguish them from terrestrial dust and may influence their biological activity. This review synthesizes current findings from in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies involving lunar and Martian dust and their simulants. Lunar dust, which contains elevated levels of silica and nanophase metallic iron, has been associated with pulmonary inflammation, neutrophilic infiltration, and indications of fibrotic remodeling in animal models. Cell-based assays have also reported apoptosis, necrosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts following exposure. Martian dust simulants have shown cytotoxic effects and preliminary signs of neurotoxicity in vitro, although these findings are limited and based on analogs that may not fully represent actual Martian material. These findings show certain challenges of extrapolating human risk from simulants that may not fully replicate the properties of actual regolith. Future research must prioritize physiologically relevant inhalation models, and chronic low-dose exposure scenarios. These studies should also account for the combined impact of spaceflight-associated stressors—such as radiation, microgravity, and altered breathing mechanics—on toxicity outcomes. Mechanistic studies incorporating transcriptomic and proteomic tools, alongside standardized methodologies, will be essential for establishing evidence-based safety thresholds for human space exploration.

月球和火星上的尘埃对宇航员的健康构成了新的危害，特别是在执行长期任务期间，比如美国宇航局的阿尔忒弥斯计划。这些地外风化岩具有独特的物理化学性质，如角状形态、高表面积和活性矿物相，使它们与地球尘埃区别开来，并可能影响它们的生物活性。这篇综述综合了目前关于月球和火星尘埃及其模拟物的体外和体内毒理学研究的发现。在动物模型中，含有高浓度二氧化硅和纳米金属铁的月尘与肺部炎症、嗜中性粒细胞浸润和纤维化重塑的迹象有关。基于细胞的检测也报道了暴露后巨噬细胞、上皮细胞和成纤维细胞的凋亡、坏死和促炎细胞因子的产生。火星尘埃模拟物已经显示出细胞毒性作用和体外神经毒性的初步迹象，尽管这些发现是有限的，并且基于可能不完全代表实际火星物质的类似物。这些发现表明，从可能无法完全复制实际风化层特性的模拟物中推断人类风险存在一定的挑战。未来的研究必须优先考虑与生理相关的吸入模型和慢性低剂量暴露情景。这些研究还应该考虑与太空飞行相关的压力因素（如辐射、微重力和呼吸机制的改变）对毒性结果的综合影响。结合转录组学和蛋白质组学工具以及标准化方法的机制研究对于为人类太空探索建立基于证据的安全阈值至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

The brain-eye-liver axis during spaceflight: implications of hepatic dysfunction in spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome 太空飞行中的脑-眼-肝轴：与太空飞行相关的神经-眼综合征中肝功能障碍的含义

IF 2.9 3区生物学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Life Sciences in Space Research

Pub Date : 2025-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2025.07.001

Sinem Helvacıoğlu Akyüz , Ben Cools , Joshua Ong , Ethan Waisberg , Ryung Lee , Andrew G. Lee , Mathieu Vinken

Spaceflight presents unique physiological challenges, with prolonged exposure to microgravity, cosmic radiation, and psychological stress impacting astronaut health. Hepatic dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of astronaut diseases, including spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), one of the largest physiologic barriers to future spaceflight. This paper explores the interconnected effects of spaceflight on the liver, particularly focusing on alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, liver injury, inflammation, and compromised biotransformation processes. The liver responds to the extreme conditions of spaceflight, including microgravity and chronic ionizing radiation. These responses include specific changes in gene expression and cytochrome activity, suggesting a complex interplay between the liver, brain, and eyes. This brain-eye-liver axis may be a crucial study area in understanding and mitigating SANS, for long-duration spaceflight (LDSF) missions, emphasizing the need for further research to unravel these complex interdisciplinary connections in the context of LDSF missions.

航天飞行带来了独特的生理挑战，长期暴露在微重力、宇宙辐射和心理压力下会影响宇航员的健康。肝功能障碍可能导致宇航员疾病的发病机制，包括与航天有关的神经-眼综合征，这是未来航天飞行的最大生理障碍之一。本文探讨了太空飞行对肝脏的相互影响，特别是关注碳水化合物和脂质代谢、肝脏损伤、炎症和受损生物转化过程的改变。肝脏会对太空飞行的极端条件做出反应，包括微重力和慢性电离辐射。这些反应包括基因表达和细胞色素活性的特定变化，表明肝脏、大脑和眼睛之间存在复杂的相互作用。对于长时间太空飞行（LDSF）任务，脑-眼-肝轴可能是理解和减轻SANS的关键研究领域，强调需要进一步研究来解开LDSF任务背景下这些复杂的跨学科联系。

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