Life Sciences in Space Research最新文献

{"title":"Food technologies for space missions","authors":"Janifer Raj Xavier,&nbsp;Om Prakash Chauhan,&nbsp;Sahana Hevlin Shashikumar,&nbsp;Roopa Nagaraj,&nbsp;Anil Dutt Semwal","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Provision of safe and nutritious food for space missions is very critical; failure to provide the appropriate food along with suitable delivery and disposal systems may cause risk and hamper the mission success or crew performance. The major requirements of space-specific foods include lightweight, compact size, quick preparation, ease of consumption, low fragmentation, high acceptability, wholesomeness, stability, variety, gastrointestinal compatibility, and safe food in a convenient form with longer shelf life. Significant developments have taken place in food technologies in the last few decades to attain more appealing and nutritious food. The technologies have gone beyond the normal cooking of foods to modern food processing and packaging technologies which enabled the food materials to remain safe for longer durations without affecting their nutritional and organoleptic attributes. Modern space food technologies have transformed the space food and delivery systems for low orbit crews to those stationed at the International Space Station. Research on the cultivation of fresh vegetables in space under microgravity conditions is also gaining momentum. In general, thermo-stabilized, irradiated, rehydratable, natural and fresh foods are preferred for space missions. These include ready-to-eat foods, beverages, juice powders, high-energy bars, instant mixes, fresh fruits and vegetables, etc. These products need to be in strict compliance with the space standards in terms of nutritional and microbiological quality. Certain food delivery systems such as food rehydration stations, water/beverage dispensing assembly, provision of heating/cooling/serving of foods, etc. are also needed in space missions for optimal delivery of food materials. All these technologies are very critical under microgravity conditions for the consumption of food materials by space crews. This review provides an overview of space food history, design criteria, packaging methods, and emerging technologies supporting space mission advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep deprivation and glymphatic dysfunction: Perspectives on the risk of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS)","authors":"Peter Wostyn ,&nbsp;Maiken Nedergaard","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 137-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory measures for mitigating physical and mental health impacts in aerospace environment: A systematic review","authors":"Rong Liang ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyao Li ,&nbsp;Haonan Chang ,&nbsp;Rongdian Yang ,&nbsp;Jiajia Yang ,&nbsp;Dong Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term spaceflight poses significant challenges to astronauts' physical and mental health, resulting in physiological issues such as osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular dysfunction, as well as psychological problems like depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and cognitive decline. As the duration of space missions continues to increase, the above challenges cannot be ignored. Therefore, identifying effective regulatory measures is essential. This article provides a concise review of the latest domestic and international research on strategies to mitigate physiological and psychological risks in aerospace environment. Including coping strategies for musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and psychological problems, such as exercise, physical stimulation, psychotherapy, and medication, especially traditional Chinese medicine, which need to be further explored and applied. Its ultimate goal is to offer insights for ensuring the safe execution of space missions by astronauts and advancing the field of space medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tryptophan metabolites are altered when Caco-2 cells are exposed to simulated microgravity","authors":"Giulia Tolle ,&nbsp;Amalia Di Petrillo ,&nbsp;Massimo Claudio Fantini ,&nbsp;Gabriele Serreli ,&nbsp;Monica Deiana ,&nbsp;Giacomo Fais ,&nbsp;Nicola Lai ,&nbsp;Pierluigi Caboni","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microgravity, as experienced during spaceflights, can disrupt cellular function and metabolism, including critical pathways such as tryptophan metabolism. This study investigates how simulated microgravity influences the tryptophan pathway and serotonin production in intestinal Caco-2 cells under different experimental conditions. Cells were exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known pro-inflammatory agents, and co-cultured with human fecal samples to evaluate the impact of microbiota-derived factors. Using targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), significant alterations in tryptophan metabolites were observed under simulated microgravity. A significant increase in serotonin and quinolinic acid levels was observed when Caco-2 cells were exposed to simulated microgravity compared to those maintained under terrestrial conditions. Treating Caco-2 cells with DSS we observed an increase in serotonin, kynurenic acid and quinolinic acid levels in samples exposed to simulated microgravity compared to controls. Furthermore, exposure to simulated microgravity in conjunction with LPS treatment led to a significant increase in quinolinic acid levels. Additionally, in microgravity conditions, when Caco-2 cells were co-cultured with stool samples, an increase of serotonin and tryptophan levels was observed. All together, these findings suggest that microgravity, in combination with specific inflammation stimuli, can modulate serotonin synthesis in intestinal cells, potentially contributing to the alteration of gastrointestinal regulation during long term space missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 139-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Goldfish regenerated scale culture at low temperatures improves osteoblast and osteoclast survival in scales without loss of the osteoblast and osteoclast response to changes in gravity","authors":"Nobuo Suzuki ,&nbsp;Kouhei Kuroda ,&nbsp;Mika Ikegame ,&nbsp;Harumi Takino ,&nbsp;Keito Tsunoda ,&nbsp;Riku Izumi ,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Yukihiro Furusawa ,&nbsp;Koji Yachiguchi ,&nbsp;Masato Endo ,&nbsp;Hajime Matsubara ,&nbsp;Sachiko Yano ,&nbsp;Toru Shimazu ,&nbsp;Masato Honda ,&nbsp;Yusuke Maruyama ,&nbsp;Kazuki Watanabe ,&nbsp;Akihisa Takahashi ,&nbsp;Jun Hirayama ,&nbsp;Atsuhiko Hattori","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological samples that can be stored for long periods are desirable for experiments in space because of the potential for postponement of space vehicle launches. In this study, we determined whether culturing goldfish scales at lower temperatures increased survival of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the scales without affecting their biological activities. After one-week storage of regenerated goldfish scales at 4 °C, both alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive osteoblasts and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (active type of osteoclasts) were detectable. Importantly, the multinucleated osteoclasts formed actin rings and expressed cathepsin K, indicating that the osteoclasts had resorptive activity. Additionally, a one-week storage of goldfish scales at 4 °C showed little effect on osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities in the scales. Therefore, after one-week storage at 4 °C, the regenerated scales were treated with vibrational acceleration due to gravity (3 G) for 10 min and then incubated at 15 °C for 6 h. ALP and TRAP activities in the regenerated scales sensitively responded to 3 G hypergravity: compared to unexposed scales, ALP activity significantly increased and TRAP activity significantly decreased in the regenerated scales. Next, the regenerated scales were stored at 4 °C and launched on the space shuttle Atlantis STS-132 (ULF4) to study the effects of vibration (maximum 6.8 G, 2 min) and subsequent hypergravity (maximum 3 G, 8 min 30 s) induced by the launch process. The results showed the vibration and subsequent hypergravity increased significantly ALP activity in the regenerated scales at 4 °C. In addition, our experiment with the Cell Biology Experiment Facility in outer space revealed that osteoblast activity in the regenerated scales decreased in response to microgravity after 6 days-storage of the scale at 4 °C. These findings show that goldfish scales can be stored at 4 °C for around one week, while maintaining the responsiveness of the osteoblast and osteoclast in the scales to changes in gravity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 128-136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of weightlessness on dynamic deformation and haemodynamic parameters of the heart","authors":"Li Cai ,&nbsp;Jing Xue ,&nbsp;Yongheng Wang ,&nbsp;Youqiong Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.03.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular disease remains an important challenge for human space travel, it is particularly important for astronaut health to accurately simulate cardiac conditions in weightless environments. In this study, a coupled flow-solid model of the left ventricular (LV) and mitral valve (MV) is developed by the immersed boundary/finite element (IB/FE) method, and the boundary conditions of the model were determined from the relationship between gravitational level, LV sphericity and LV end-diastolic pressure. Based on this model, the dynamic deformation and haemodynamic parameters of the LV and the MV are investigated in different gravitational environments, such as Zero Gravity, the Moon (0.167 g), the Mars (0.38 g) and the Earth. The validity and accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the Zero Gravity simulation results with the real data obtained from the space flight experiment. The prediction results of the model can provide some references on how to combat the adverse effects of weightlessness during spaceflight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parabolic flight as a space-flight analogon impacts angiogenesis and lipid metabolism","authors":"Vera Paar ,&nbsp;Elke Boxhammer ,&nbsp;Fitore Marmullaku ,&nbsp;Uta C. Hoppe ,&nbsp;Michael Lichtenauer ,&nbsp;Peter Jirak","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine the effects of weightlessness and microgravity, induced by parabolic flight, on specific biomarkers associated with angiogenesis, lipid homeostasis, and cardiovascular diseases, including angiogenin (ANG), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT-1), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor subunit AA (PDGF-AA).</div><div>14 healthy volunteers (mean age: 28.9 years; 6 females) participated in short-term sessions of weightlessness and microgravity using parabolic flights. Venous blood samples were collected at different time points (baseline, 1 h, and 24 h after parabolic flight) and frozen as serum samples. Initially, Proteome Profiler Angiogenesis Array was used to screen pooled serum samples of each time point for potential alterations of angiogenesis-associated proteins. Additionally, individual blood samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</div><div>Proteome Arrays revealed an overall decrease of angiogenesis-associated proteins in response to parabolic flight. On the other hand, proteins associated with lipid homeostasis, such as Leptin and TIMP-4, were significantly elevated in response to parabolic flight. Individual analysis of selected proteins solely revealed a slight increase of ANGPTL4 and HSP70 levels 1 hour post-flight, although without statistical significance (<em>p</em> = 0.7705). Nevertheless, 24 h after parabolic flight, ANGPTL4 concentrations in serum significantly decreased compared to the preceding time point (<em>p</em> = 0.0020). Similarly, HSP70 was tendentially elevated 1 h after flight (<em>p</em> = 0.8135), though significantly declined at the end of the experiment (BL vs. 24 h: <em>p</em> = 0.0435; 1 h vs. 24 h: <em>p</em> = 0.0031). No significant differences could be observed in ANG, ANGPT1, TGF-β1, VEGF, and PDGF-AA concentrations at any time point.</div><div>The findings of this study suggest that exposure to gravitational changes, such as weightlessness and microgravity, may lead to relevant changes in angiogenesis and lipid homeostasis. The upregulation of Leptin and TIMP-4, as well as ANGPTL4 in short-term response to parabolic flight poses a risk to disturbances in lipid metabolism, potentially increasing the likelihood of cardiovascular or hepatic events. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of microgravity and weightlessness on angiogenesis and lipid metabolism to protect astronaut health during prolonged space missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 115-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Case for Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography (AS-OCT) for the International Space Station and Future Planetary Spaceflight: Clinical Relevance and Technical Implementation","authors":"Baltaj S. Sandhur ,&nbsp;Joshua Ong ,&nbsp;Ritu Sampige ,&nbsp;Ryung Lee ,&nbsp;Hamza Memon ,&nbsp;Nicholas Panzo ,&nbsp;Cihan Mehmet Kadipasaoglu ,&nbsp;Yannie Guo ,&nbsp;Benjamin Soares ,&nbsp;Daniela Osteicoechea ,&nbsp;Ethan Waisberg ,&nbsp;Alex Suh ,&nbsp;Tuan Nguyen ,&nbsp;Mouayad Masalkhi ,&nbsp;Prithul Sarker ,&nbsp;Nasif Zaman ,&nbsp;Alireza Tavakkoli ,&nbsp;John Berdahl ,&nbsp;Patricia Chévez-Barrios ,&nbsp;Thomas H. Mader ,&nbsp;Andrew G. Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spaceflight presents unique challenges to ocular health which must be addressed when considering future long-term missions to Mars and beyond, specifically with increased risk to the anterior segment of the eye. While the posterior segment has been heavily researched via examinations with Heidelberg's Spectralis Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)2 Module aboard the International Space Station (ISS), evaluation of the anterior segment is not as extensively performed. Despite the capabilities of the Spectralis, which allows for anterior segment imaging via the Anterior Segment Module (ASM), transforming the OCT into an Anterior Segment OCT (AS-OCT), there is limited information available regarding anterior segment effects due to microgravity and spaceflight. Imaging of the anterior segment allows for high resolution details of structures such as the cornea, anterior chamber angles and depth, iris, and lens that may all become affected due to the unique environment astronauts are exposed to during spaceflight. We advocate for the routine use of AS-OCT in ocular examinations aboard the ISS and during spaceflight, offering valuable insight into ocular changes that occur and to help guide management for various anterior segment pathologies one may face, ultimately benefitting both current and future efforts for space travel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep deprivation and glymphatic system dysfunction as a risk factor for SANS during long-duration spaceflight","authors":"Joshua M. Venegas,&nbsp;Mark Rosenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A unique constellation of ocular structural changes and visual anomalies known as Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (SANS) affects 70 % of crew members after long-duration spaceflight. Current hypotheses regarding the etiology of SANS discuss cephalad fluid shifts and venous congestion, which are correlated with elevated intra-cranial pressure (ICP) and enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS). These PVS comprise the glymphatic system (GS), a recently discovered network of influx and efflux pathways for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and metabolites in the central nervous system (CNS). Both glymphatic clearance and traditionally understood CSF circulation are affected by sleep-wake cycles, displaying a significant increase in fluid flow during sleep. Natural sleep has been associated with a 60 % increase in interstitial space in animal studies, which likely enhances GS exchange and outflow. Corresponding studies in humans using contrast-enhanced MRI associate sleep with greater glymphatic clearance compared to wakefulness. The sleep problems of astronauts during long-duration spaceflight have been well documented, ranging from sleep disruption and decreased quality to insufficient sleep duration. With recent terrestrial studies providing evidence that sleep deprivation impairs molecular clearance from the human brain, it follows that similar glymphatic dysfunction may arise due to these conditions in astronauts. Thus, in addition to impairing crew member work performance on long-duration space missions, sleep deprivation may exert long-term neuro-ocular effects via decreased glymphatic efficiency and clearance. The adverse impact of the resulting cognitive and visual disturbances presents a major future performance risk to astronauts. This work discusses the existing body of literature regarding the connections between circadian disruption and glymphatic disruption as a potential contributing mechanism for the development of SANS. This association should receive focused attention in future research as a potential risk factor for SANS. In addition, interventions that enhance extraterrestrial sleep quality and duration may prove to be practical countermeasures for the prevention of this syndrome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 39-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human thermoregulation in microgravity environments: Insights from a computational model","authors":"Chithramol M.K.,&nbsp;Shine S.R.","doi":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lssr.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A three-dimensional computational model of human thermoregulation has been developed to analyze body temperature distribution in microgravity. By incorporating appropriate modifications, the model effectively captures physiological changes observed in microgravity, including fluid shifts, reduced blood flow, metabolic changes, musculoskeletal adaptations, impaired sweating, and environmental effects. Comparisons with experimental data across various physical and environmental conditions demonstrate that the model effectively predicts the body core and skin temperature distribution. Results indicate that microgravity exposure consistently increases core body temperature (CBT) across all conditions, with fluid shifts being the most significant factor influencing thermal balance. Exposure to hot environments posed the greatest risk, as it caused a more pronounced rise in body temperature compared to cold and normal conditions. Predictions in a microgravity environment are compared with available space station experimental data from astronauts, showing strong agreement and confirming the model’s accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18029,"journal":{"name":"Life Sciences in Space Research","volume":"46 ","pages":"Pages 18-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}