Devarshi Choudhury, Amith Govind, B. Mathew, Paul K T
With better understanding of the working physics behind the formation and evolution of stars, it has become increasingly important for observers to use an appropriate set of stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones with respect to the objects of interest. We present a comparative study of three widely used competent stellar models -- MIST, PARSEC and Siess. We analyze their input physics and the final tracks thus generated, especially focusing on the behaviour of the models during the pre-main sequence phase.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Different Stellar Tracks and Isochrones","authors":"Devarshi Choudhury, Amith Govind, B. Mathew, Paul K T","doi":"10.12723/MJS.44.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.44.4","url":null,"abstract":"With better understanding of the working physics behind the formation and evolution of stars, it has become increasingly important for observers to use an appropriate set of stellar evolutionary tracks and isochrones with respect to the objects of interest. We present a comparative study of three widely used competent stellar models -- MIST, PARSEC and Siess. We analyze their input physics and the final tracks thus generated, especially focusing on the behaviour of the models during the pre-main sequence phase.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87847371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we attempt to study an ongoing astrometry mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), named Gaia, whose aim is to make the largest and most precise three-dimensional map of our Galaxy. We present the scientific goals of Gaia and give a brief description of the spacecraft. We also present a preliminary analysis of comparing distance estimates of Be stars from the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, and Hipparcos mission. From our analysis, we confirm that Gaia stands out as a promising mission in terms of the distance measurements when compared to Hipparcos, particularly for distances greater than 1 kpc.
{"title":"Gaia: Surveying Heavens","authors":"Nidhi Sabu, T. Francis, A. Roy, S. Kartha","doi":"10.12723/MJS.44.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.44.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we attempt to study an ongoing astrometry mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), named Gaia, whose aim is to make the largest and most precise three-dimensional map of our Galaxy. We present the scientific goals of Gaia and give a brief description of the spacecraft. We also present a preliminary analysis of comparing distance estimates of Be stars from the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, and Hipparcos mission. From our analysis, we confirm that Gaia stands out as a promising mission in terms of the distance measurements when compared to Hipparcos, particularly for distances greater than 1 kpc.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82163408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Astronomy has seen unprecedented growth in the past century, due to the rise in multiwavelength observations. The foundation for multiwavelength astronomy is given by Astrometry; the science of position and motion determination of celestial bodies. We present a technique of determining equatorial coordinates of celestial bodies from their pixel coordinates. We also present the subsequent results of using this technique in achieving the initial few steps required for the multiwavelength studies of young open clusters.
{"title":"Astrometry: The Foundation for Observational Astronomy","authors":"Amith Govind, Devarshi Choudhury, B. Mathew","doi":"10.12723/MJS.44.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.44.1","url":null,"abstract":"Astronomy has seen unprecedented growth in the past century, due to the rise in multiwavelength observations. The foundation for multiwavelength astronomy is given by Astrometry; the science of position and motion determination of celestial bodies. We present a technique of determining equatorial coordinates of celestial bodies from their pixel coordinates. We also present the subsequent results of using this technique in achieving the initial few steps required for the multiwavelength studies of young open clusters.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73203765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the unresolved problems in cosmology is that the measured mass density of the universe has revealed a value that was about 30% of the critical density. Since the universe is very nearly spatially flat, as is indicated by measurements of the cosmic microwave background, about 70% of the energy density of the universe was left unaccounted for. Another observation seems to be connected to this mystery. Generally one would expect the rate of expansion to slow down once the universe started expanding. The measurements of Type Ia supernovae have revealed that the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating. This accelerated expansion is attributed to the so-called dark energy (DE).Here we give a brief overview on the observational basis for DE hypothesis and how cosmological constant, initially proposed by Einstein to obtain a static universe, can play the role of dark energy.
{"title":"Dark Energy and Cosmological Constant","authors":"Louise Rebecca, C. Sivaram, K. Arun","doi":"10.12723/MJS.44.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.44.3","url":null,"abstract":"One of the unresolved problems in cosmology is that the measured mass density of the universe has revealed a value that was about 30% of the critical density. Since the universe is very nearly spatially flat, as is indicated by measurements of the cosmic microwave background, about 70% of the energy density of the universe was left unaccounted for. Another observation seems to be connected to this mystery. Generally one would expect the rate of expansion to slow down once the universe started expanding. The measurements of Type Ia supernovae have revealed that the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating. This accelerated expansion is attributed to the so-called dark energy (DE).Here we give a brief overview on the observational basis for DE hypothesis and how cosmological constant, initially proposed by Einstein to obtain a static universe, can play the role of dark energy.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85197463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitin is a long-chain polymer of an N-acetyl glucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is one of the most abundant natural polymer which has proved versatile for several medical, industrial and biotechnological purposes. Chitinase enzymes have received wide spread attention for its biotechnological applications mainly in the field of agriculture as a bio control agent against fungi and certain insects. An efficient way of obtaining colloidal chitin and the enumeration of chitinase producing bacteria with fungicidal properties were the main objectives of the current study. For this purpose two different species of fungi, Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. were isolated from infected vegetables. Chitinase can be used as a potential alternative to chemical fungicides. The current study elucidates an effective method of preparation of colloidal chitin to enumerate the chitanase producing bacteria.
{"title":"An Efficient Method of Production of Colloidal Chitin for Enumeration of Chitinase Producing Bacteria","authors":"S. Joe, Suma Sarojini","doi":"10.12723/MJS.43.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.43.4","url":null,"abstract":"Chitin is a long-chain polymer of an N-acetyl glucosamine, a derivative of glucose, and is one of the most abundant natural polymer which has proved versatile for several medical, industrial and biotechnological purposes. Chitinase enzymes have received wide spread attention for its biotechnological applications mainly in the field of agriculture as a bio control agent against fungi and certain insects. An efficient way of obtaining colloidal chitin and the enumeration of chitinase producing bacteria with fungicidal properties were the main objectives of the current study. For this purpose two different species of fungi, Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. were isolated from infected vegetables. Chitinase can be used as a potential alternative to chemical fungicides. The current study elucidates an effective method of preparation of colloidal chitin to enumerate the chitanase producing bacteria.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79880646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three-dimensional scaffolds can be fabricated by various methods. These scaffold constructs showed a major impact on various biomedical applications. The bioactive porous scaffolds should have an excellent three-dimensional architecture and interconnected porous structure for cells adhesion and migration to enhance the therapeutic potential. The porosity and interconnected porous structure can be optimized using various scaffold preparation methods. In this mini review, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various commonly used scaffold preparation techniques.
{"title":"On Various Porous Scaffold Fabrication Methods","authors":"D. Elamparithi, V. Moorthy","doi":"10.12723/MJS.43.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.43.5","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional scaffolds can be fabricated by various methods. These scaffold constructs showed a major impact on various biomedical applications. The bioactive porous scaffolds should have an excellent three-dimensional architecture and interconnected porous structure for cells adhesion and migration to enhance the therapeutic potential. The porosity and interconnected porous structure can be optimized using various scaffold preparation methods. In this mini review, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of various commonly used scaffold preparation techniques.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78700313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Untreated sewage is a major water pollutant and widely used for irrigation in the agricultural fields of district Patna, Bihar, India. When sewage, containing heavy metals, irrigated into the agricultural fields, it enters into the human food chain by the process of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. In view of the above fact, the present study was conducted to determine the level of metals in the sewage samples of three major drains namely Mandiri, Rajapur and Pahari situated in the city Patna, Bihar, India, during March 2010 to February 2011. In comparison with other two drains, the metals were found in higher amount in the sewage of Pahari drain throughout the year.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Various Metals in the Sewage Samples of Three Major Drains of the City-Patna, Bihar, India","authors":"D. Sayantan, S. Shardendu","doi":"10.12723/MJS.43.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.43.3","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated sewage is a major water pollutant and widely used for irrigation in the agricultural fields of district Patna, Bihar, India. When sewage, containing heavy metals, irrigated into the agricultural fields, it enters into the human food chain by the process of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. In view of the above fact, the present study was conducted to determine the level of metals in the sewage samples of three major drains namely Mandiri, Rajapur and Pahari situated in the city Patna, Bihar, India, during March 2010 to February 2011. In comparison with other two drains, the metals were found in higher amount in the sewage of Pahari drain throughout the year.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88944472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal. (Indian ginseng) is one of the most important medicinal plants used as a crude drug for its preventive and therapeutic purposes. Among the diverse constituents of Withania, withanolides are found to be the major components responsible for their biological and pharmacological actions. The present study deals with the effect of inoculum density and different media on the growth of hairy roots and withanolide-A production from Withaniasomnifera. An inoculum size of 10 g/L FW favoured the biomass accumulation(120.42 g/L of FW and 11.98 g/L DW) and withanolide-A production(11.96 mg/g DW) inthe tested range of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/L FW. Among different media tested [Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg’s (B5), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Chu’s (N6)], MS medium favoured both biomass accumulation (121.15 g/L FW and 11.96 g/L DW) and withanolide-A production (11.50 mg/g DW).
{"title":"Effect of Inoculum Density and Different Media on the Growth of Hairy Roots and Production of Withanolide-A from Withaniasomnifera","authors":"P. Nagella, H. N. Murthy","doi":"10.12723/MJS.43.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.43.2","url":null,"abstract":"Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal. (Indian ginseng) is one of the most important medicinal plants used as a crude drug for its preventive and therapeutic purposes. Among the diverse constituents of Withania, withanolides are found to be the major components responsible for their biological and pharmacological actions. The present study deals with the effect of inoculum density and different media on the growth of hairy roots and withanolide-A production from Withaniasomnifera. An inoculum size of 10 g/L FW favoured the biomass accumulation(120.42 g/L of FW and 11.98 g/L DW) and withanolide-A production(11.96 mg/g DW) inthe tested range of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 g/L FW. Among different media tested [Murashige and Skoog (MS), Gamborg’s (B5), Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) and Chu’s (N6)], MS medium favoured both biomass accumulation (121.15 g/L FW and 11.96 g/L DW) and withanolide-A production (11.50 mg/g DW).","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83293165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nair, N. Rajendhiran, R. Varsha, B. V. Joseph, V. Vasantha
Release of textile effluent into the environment is a matter of health concern. Dyes and pigments that are part of textile effluent generate hazardous wastes which are generally inorganic or organic contaminants. Among the present pollution control strategies, biodegradation of synthetic dyes by microbes is evolving as a promising approach, even more than physico-chemical methods. While both mixed cultures and pure cultures have been used to achieve efficient biodegradation, no conclusive result has been determined. This paper aims at checking the efficiency of mixed culture of sewage and pure isolates in degradation of azo dyes, both simple dyes like methyl red and methyl orange and a more complex dye like Janus green.
{"title":"Bacterial decolourization of azo dyes","authors":"A. Nair, N. Rajendhiran, R. Varsha, B. V. Joseph, V. Vasantha","doi":"10.12723/MJS.43.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.43.1","url":null,"abstract":"Release of textile effluent into the environment is a matter of health concern. Dyes and pigments that are part of textile effluent generate hazardous wastes which are generally inorganic or organic contaminants. Among the present pollution control strategies, biodegradation of synthetic dyes by microbes is evolving as a promising approach, even more than physico-chemical methods. While both mixed cultures and pure cultures have been used to achieve efficient biodegradation, no conclusive result has been determined. This paper aims at checking the efficiency of mixed culture of sewage and pure isolates in degradation of azo dyes, both simple dyes like methyl red and methyl orange and a more complex dye like Janus green.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81932651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seasonal variability of free and protein bound amino acids (AAs) in the sediments of mangrove ecosystem, west coast of India were studied. AAs exhibited significant variability with depths in the sediments of two mangrove ecosystems, Mangalavanam and Vypeen, situated on the west coast of India. Of the ten AAs detected, serine (Ser) was the most abundant followed by threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), aspartic acid (Asp), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamic acid (Glu) and alanine (Ala). The trend in AA relative abundance in the sediment and leaves exhibits a close similarity indicating a major influence of plants in the supply of these compounds to the sediment. The most common AAs at both stations are Asp, which is abundant in sediments with a large organic inputs followed by Glu, which is abundant in phytoplankton and marine bacteria. Ser, Thr and Gly, which constitute diatom cell walls, were also found in significant concentration. The changes in relative abundance of various AAs with depth indicate significant seasonal variability. This may be due to the selective microbial utilization of these AAs at different depths. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first principal component, which is the degradative index (PC I ) has ca . 84 % of the variance at Mangalavanam and
{"title":"Distribution of amino acids in sediments of a mangrove ecosystem, west coast of India","authors":"Zeena Jayan N Chandramohanakumar","doi":"10.12723/MJS.33.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.33.5","url":null,"abstract":"The seasonal variability of free and protein bound amino acids (AAs) in the sediments of mangrove ecosystem, west coast of India were studied. AAs exhibited significant variability with depths in the sediments of two mangrove ecosystems, Mangalavanam and Vypeen, situated on the west coast of India. Of the ten AAs detected, serine (Ser) was the most abundant followed by threonine (Thr), glycine (Gly), aspartic acid (Asp), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamic acid (Glu) and alanine (Ala). The trend in AA relative abundance in the sediment and leaves exhibits a close similarity indicating a major influence of plants in the supply of these compounds to the sediment. The most common AAs at both stations are Asp, which is abundant in sediments with a large organic inputs followed by Glu, which is abundant in phytoplankton and marine bacteria. Ser, Thr and Gly, which constitute diatom cell walls, were also found in significant concentration. The changes in relative abundance of various AAs with depth indicate significant seasonal variability. This may be due to the selective microbial utilization of these AAs at different depths. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first principal component, which is the degradative index (PC I ) has ca . 84 % of the variance at Mangalavanam and","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"31-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83584221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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