J. John, P. Sreeraj, P. Asiya, P. Kathireswari, Rini Joseph, Jijo George
Among the numerous microorganisms in the soil, earthworms play an important role in the formation and maintenance of soil structure and fertility by altering the physical, chemical and biological properties. A study was conducted in Wayanad district during 2017 to 2018 to collect and identify the earthworm species present in three agro climatic regions of Wayanad. A total of 30 samples were collected from Wetland, upland and an evergreen forest. A total of 15 earth worm species were identified and among this two species were new to Wayanad, the Dravida thomasi and Amynthas corticis.
{"title":"Earthworm Population in Relation to Different Agro Climatic Regions of Wayanad District of Kerala","authors":"J. John, P. Sreeraj, P. Asiya, P. Kathireswari, Rini Joseph, Jijo George","doi":"10.12723/mjs.51.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.51.6","url":null,"abstract":"Among the numerous microorganisms in the soil, earthworms play an important role in the formation and maintenance of soil structure and fertility by altering the physical, chemical and biological properties. A study was conducted in Wayanad district during 2017 to 2018 to collect and identify the earthworm species present in three agro climatic regions of Wayanad. A total of 30 samples were collected from Wetland, upland and an evergreen forest. A total of 15 earth worm species were identified and among this two species were new to Wayanad, the Dravida thomasi and Amynthas corticis.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82520558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant protection is an important area which needs attention since most of the hazardous inputs added into the agricultural system are in the form of plant protection chemicals. Botanicals possess a variety of promising properties which make it a better biocontrol agent. The objectives of the present study were to isolate Fusarium sp. from soil and to check the effect of botanicals against this fungal pathogen in-vitro. The antagonistic activity of botanicals was studied by co-inoculation with the Fusarium sp. isolated from rhizosphere soil. In poison food technique, the botanicals in different concentration, showed decrease in the growth of the fungal pathogen. Maximum inhibition was observed in 10% Azadiracta sp. with 64% inhibition followed by 5% Azadiracta sp. with 57.8%
{"title":"In-Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Plant Extract on Fusarium Species","authors":"P. Asiya, P. Sreeraj, J. John, P. Ramya","doi":"10.12723/mjs.51.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.51.5","url":null,"abstract":"Plant protection is an important area which needs attention since most of the hazardous inputs added into the agricultural system are in the form of plant protection chemicals. Botanicals possess a variety of promising properties which make it a better biocontrol agent. The objectives of the present study were to isolate Fusarium sp. from soil and to check the effect of botanicals against this fungal pathogen in-vitro. The antagonistic activity of botanicals was studied by co-inoculation with the Fusarium sp. isolated from rhizosphere soil. In poison food technique, the botanicals in different concentration, showed decrease in the growth of the fungal pathogen. Maximum inhibition was observed in 10% Azadiracta sp. with 64% inhibition followed by 5% Azadiracta sp. with 57.8%","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81828552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the time of Pythagoras (c.550BC), mathematicians interested in music have asked, “What governs the whole number ratios that emerge from derivations of the harmonic series?” Simon Stevin (1548-1620) devised a mathematical underlay (where a semitone equals 21/12) that gave rise to the equal temperament tuning system we still use today. Beyond this, the structure of formalised musical orderings have eluded many of us. Music theorists use the tools and techniques of their trade to peer into the higher-order musical structures that underpin musical harmony. These methods of investigating music theory and harmony are difficult to learn (and teach), as complex abstract thought is required to imagine the components of a phenomenon that cannot be seen. This paper outlines a method to understanding the mathematical underpinnings of the equal tempered tuning system. Using this method, musical structure can be quantitatively modelled as a series of harmonic elements at each pulse of musical time.
{"title":"On the Geometric Realisation of Equal Tempered Music","authors":"Robert Linton Tavis Ashton-Bell","doi":"10.12723/MJS.50.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.50.5","url":null,"abstract":"Since the time of Pythagoras (c.550BC), mathematicians interested in music have asked, “What governs the whole number ratios that emerge from derivations of the harmonic series?” Simon Stevin (1548-1620) devised a mathematical underlay (where a semitone equals 21/12) that gave rise to the equal temperament tuning system we still use today. Beyond this, the structure of formalised musical orderings have eluded many of us. Music theorists use the tools and techniques of their trade to peer into the higher-order musical structures that underpin musical harmony. These methods of investigating music theory and harmony are difficult to learn (and teach), as complex abstract thought is required to imagine the components of a phenomenon that cannot be seen. This paper outlines a method to understanding the mathematical underpinnings of the equal tempered tuning system. Using this method, musical structure can be quantitatively modelled as a series of harmonic elements at each pulse of musical time.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77703227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we obtain two variables for the connected (p,q)-graphs G which is the minimum size of an independent monophonic set and an outer independentmonophonic set of G, termed as an independent monophonic number and an outer independent monophonic number of the connected (p,q)-graphs G, respectively.
{"title":"Independent Monophonic Sets in Graphs","authors":"A. Sadiquali, P. Sudhahar","doi":"10.12723/MJS.50.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.50.3","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we obtain two variables for the connected (p,q)-graphs G which is the minimum size of an independent monophonic set and an outer independentmonophonic set of G, termed as an independent monophonic number and an outer independent monophonic number of the connected (p,q)-graphs G, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76437795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the report of the International Conference on Discrete Mathematics (ICDM-2019) held at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) during June 8-10, 2019 as part of the Academy of Discrete Mathematics and Applications (ADMA) annual conference and Graph Theory Day.
{"title":"International Conference on Discrete Mathematics (ICDM-2019)","authors":"H. Baskar","doi":"10.12723/mjs.50.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.50.6","url":null,"abstract":"This is the report of the International Conference on Discrete Mathematics (ICDM-2019) held at CHRIST (Deemed to be University) during June 8-10, 2019 as part of the Academy of Discrete Mathematics and Applications (ADMA) annual conference and Graph Theory Day.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74744825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the continuation of the study on an undirected graph $G_{m,n}$ where vertex set $V=I_n={1,2,3,cdots,n}$ and $a,bin V$ are adjacent if and only if $aneq b$ and $a+b$ is not divisible by $m$, where $m(>1)in mathbb{N}$. In the present paper we computed the diameter, Weiner index, degree distance, independence number of the graph $G_{m,n}$. We also studied the complement of the graph $G_{m,n}$.
{"title":"On Some Structural Properties of G_{m,n} Graphs","authors":"Ivy Chakrabarty","doi":"10.12723/mjs.50.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.50.4","url":null,"abstract":"This is the continuation of the study on an undirected graph $G_{m,n}$ where vertex set $V=I_n={1,2,3,cdots,n}$ and $a,bin V$ are adjacent if and only if $aneq b$ and $a+b$ is not divisible by $m$, where $m(>1)in mathbb{N}$. In the present paper we computed the diameter, Weiner index, degree distance, independence number of the graph $G_{m,n}$. We also studied the complement of the graph $G_{m,n}$.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73070041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microalgae have great potential for the production of lipids that can be converted into biodiesel. Glycerol is generated as a by-product of the transesterification reaction of the lipid produced by the algae into biodiesel. The process of converting this crude glycerol into the pharmaceutical grade is expensive. Also, glycerol formation from biodiesel production creates surplus glycerol reserves. In this review, the use of crude glycerol as a carbon source for the mixotrophic growth of Chlorella Sp. is discussed. Addition of other nutritional sources like nitrogen and phosphorus was also systematically studied and the relationship between the concentration of these nutrients and the growth pattern of the algae was analyzed which is presented in the article as well. , , Crude Glycerol, Nitrogen Sources, Phosphorus Addition
{"title":"Mixotrophic Growth of Chlorella Sp. Using Glycerol for the Production of Biodiesel: A Review","authors":"Sakshi Bansal","doi":"10.12723/MJS.49.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.49.1","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae have great potential for the production of lipids that can be converted into biodiesel. Glycerol is generated as a by-product of the transesterification reaction of the lipid produced by the algae into biodiesel. The process of converting this crude glycerol into the pharmaceutical grade is expensive. Also, glycerol formation from biodiesel production creates surplus glycerol reserves. In this review, the use of crude glycerol as a carbon source for the mixotrophic growth of Chlorella Sp. is discussed. Addition of other nutritional sources like nitrogen and phosphorus was also systematically studied and the relationship between the concentration of these nutrients and the growth pattern of the algae was analyzed which is presented in the article as well. \u0000 \u0000, , Crude Glycerol, Nitrogen Sources, Phosphorus Addition","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85077029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raghavendra Sakirolla, Y. Lee, Venkataramana Macharla
A variety of flavanones and azaflavanones have been synthesised from chalcones, catalysed by 30 mol% solid support proline terminal peptide, which is mildly efficient with high conversions yields and could be recycled up to three times without significant loss in its activity.Keywords: , Solid Support Peptide Catalyst, Reusable Catalyst, Cyclisation, Flavanones
{"title":"Solid Supported Peptide Catalyst for the Synthesis of Flavanone and Azaflavanones","authors":"Raghavendra Sakirolla, Y. Lee, Venkataramana Macharla","doi":"10.12723/MJS.49.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.49.3","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of flavanones and azaflavanones have been synthesised from chalcones, catalysed by 30 mol% solid support proline terminal peptide, which is mildly efficient with high conversions yields and could be recycled up to three times without significant loss in its activity.Keywords: , Solid Support Peptide Catalyst, Reusable Catalyst, Cyclisation, Flavanones","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76346450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashiprabha, B. S. Holla, P. Vishwanatha, P. Nefisath
Few novel chalcones were synthesised by treating 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy benzaldehyde with different substituted ketones and characterised using 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The chalcones synthesised were further treated with hydrazine hydrate to get corresponding pyrazolines. The newly synthesised pyrazolines were characterised by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Chalcones and Pyrazolines derived from Substituted Aryl ether","authors":"Shashiprabha, B. S. Holla, P. Vishwanatha, P. Nefisath","doi":"10.12723/MJS.49.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.49.2","url":null,"abstract":"Few novel chalcones were synthesised by treating 4-fluoro-3-phenoxy benzaldehyde with different substituted ketones and characterised using 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The chalcones synthesised were further treated with hydrazine hydrate to get corresponding pyrazolines. The newly synthesised pyrazolines were characterised by 1H NMR and mass spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76512883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biodiversity impact of biofuels will depend on the biofuel crop and the previous land use. Biofuels can be beneficial to biodiversity when appropriate crops are grown in suitable areas. Conversion of protected areas is usually explicitly prohibited by sustainability standards, but many of these areas of high biodiversity importance fall outside of the protected area network. The paper examines research that investigates the impact on biodiversity; specifically, how the impact is measured as being dependent on the biofuel feedstocks, previous land use and agricultural practices employed and well-managed plantations. However, the paper also provides insights on the evidence that reveals that the cultivation of many of the biofuel feedstocks has a negative impact on biodiversity as a result of habitat conversion and the ‘off-farm’ impacts of pollution and soil erosion.
{"title":"Biodiversity Consequences of Biofuel Production","authors":"P. Sreevani","doi":"10.12723/MJS.49.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.49.4","url":null,"abstract":"The biodiversity impact of biofuels will depend on the biofuel crop and the previous land use. Biofuels can be beneficial to biodiversity when appropriate crops are grown in suitable areas. Conversion of protected areas is usually explicitly prohibited by sustainability standards, but many of these areas of high biodiversity importance fall outside of the protected area network. The paper examines research that investigates the impact on biodiversity; specifically, how the impact is measured as being dependent on the biofuel feedstocks, previous land use and agricultural practices employed and well-managed plantations. However, the paper also provides insights on the evidence that reveals that the cultivation of many of the biofuel feedstocks has a negative impact on biodiversity as a result of habitat conversion and the ‘off-farm’ impacts of pollution and soil erosion.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79801938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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