Anjali Sharma, S. Thomas, A. M. Mathew, A. Agarwal
Infections, that are resistant to the various antibiotics, have increased and become a major concern in the field of drug discovery. This has initiated the need to improve the quality of the existing drugs or find an innovative set of strategies to overcome this issue. In the hope of treating multiple-drug resistant infections, the concept of using natural products to form nanoparticles that could resolve the problem has been introduced. This review talks about the myriad ways of synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural products which helps in the treatment of multiple diseases.
{"title":"Synthesis of Silver Nano-Particles from Natural Products and its Applications","authors":"Anjali Sharma, S. Thomas, A. M. Mathew, A. Agarwal","doi":"10.12723/MJS.49.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.49.5","url":null,"abstract":"Infections, that are resistant to the various antibiotics, have increased and become a major concern in the field of drug discovery. This has initiated the need to improve the quality of the existing drugs or find an innovative set of strategies to overcome this issue. In the hope of treating multiple-drug resistant infections, the concept of using natural products to form nanoparticles that could resolve the problem has been introduced. This review talks about the myriad ways of synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural products which helps in the treatment of multiple diseases.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84183593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorinated grapheme has a two-dimensional layer structure with a wide band gap. In the present study, Fluoro Graphene (FG) is obtained from Graphene Oxide (GO) through a deoxyfluorination reaction with the aid of Diethylaminosulphurtrifluoride (DAST). The FT-IR exhibited a peak at 1216 cm-1 and the shoulder at 1312 cm-1 were ascribed to the stretching vibration of covalent C–F bonds and C–F2 bonds, respectively. Surface morphology revealed a leafy structure in GO and a rocky structure in FG. The EDS analysis confirmed the fluorination of the graphitic structure. The TEM analysis confirmed the formation of a mixed structure of graphene and carbon dots. The results of structural, morphological and electrical properties of both graphene oxide and fluorographene show the possibility of using these samples as electronic/electrochemical devices in future.
{"title":"Tailoring of Energy Band Gap inGraphene-like System by Fluorination","authors":"Aparna V. Nair, B. Manoj","doi":"10.12723/MJS.48.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.48.4","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated grapheme has a two-dimensional layer structure with a wide band gap. In the present study, Fluoro Graphene (FG) is obtained from Graphene Oxide (GO) through a deoxyfluorination reaction with the aid of Diethylaminosulphurtrifluoride (DAST). The FT-IR exhibited a peak at 1216 cm-1 and the shoulder at 1312 cm-1 were ascribed to the stretching vibration of covalent C–F bonds and C–F2 bonds, respectively. Surface morphology revealed a leafy structure in GO and a rocky structure in FG. The EDS analysis confirmed the fluorination of the graphitic structure. The TEM analysis confirmed the formation of a mixed structure of graphene and carbon dots. The results of structural, morphological and electrical properties of both graphene oxide and fluorographene show the possibility of using these samples as electronic/electrochemical devices in future.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84378465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this review paper the 2-D Lane-Emden equation (LEEq) model of a self-gravitating gas distribution in the form of an infinitely long cylinder shaped polytrope of finite radius is obtained and its basic radial properties are outlined. Similarly reviewed is the derivation of the 1-D LEEq model of an infinitely wide planar polytrope of finite thickness and its basic properties across thickness are discussed. These two polytropes are solved numerically along with the 3-D models for comparison using the 2 nd order Euler-Richardson method (ERM) and their index based parameters are determined. The Python script used in these computations has been shown to be not only fast but is capable of matching fourth order performance. However, these models are found to have finite radii for all polytropic indices unlike the restricted spherical analogs and have astrophysical applications. Distortion due to rotation in polytropic rings has also been computed using ERM.
{"title":"On Self-Gravitating Polytropic Cylinders and Slabs","authors":"M. N. Anandaram","doi":"10.12723/mjs.48.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.48.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this review paper the 2-D Lane-Emden equation (LEEq) model of a self-gravitating gas distribution in the form of an infinitely long cylinder shaped polytrope of finite radius is obtained and its basic radial properties are outlined. Similarly reviewed is the derivation of the 1-D LEEq model of an infinitely wide planar polytrope of finite thickness and its basic properties across thickness are discussed. These two polytropes are solved numerically along with the 3-D models for comparison using the 2 nd order Euler-Richardson method (ERM) and their index based parameters are determined. The Python script used in these computations has been shown to be not only fast but is capable of matching fourth order performance. However, these models are found to have finite radii for all polytropic indices unlike the restricted spherical analogs and have astrophysical applications. Distortion due to rotation in polytropic rings has also been computed using ERM.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84469148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, using the Python SciPy module “quad”, a fast auto-adaptive quadrature solver based on the pre-compiled QUADPACK Fortran package, computational research is undertaken to accurately integrate the generalised Fermi-Dirac function and all its partial derivatives up to the third order. The numerical results obtained with quad method when combined with optimised break points achieve an excellent accuracy comparable to that obtained by other publications using fixed-order quadratures.
{"title":"On the Adaptive Quadrature of Fermi-Dirac Functions and their Derivatives","authors":"M. N. Anandaram","doi":"10.12723/MJS.48.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.48.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, using the Python SciPy module “quad”, a fast auto-adaptive quadrature solver based on the pre-compiled QUADPACK Fortran package, computational research is undertaken to accurately integrate the generalised Fermi-Dirac function and all its partial derivatives up to the third order. The numerical results obtained with quad method when combined with optimised break points achieve an excellent accuracy comparable to that obtained by other publications using fixed-order quadratures.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88617491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper attempts to understand the role of the four gravitational constants in the nuclear structure whichhelps in understanding the nuclear elementary charge, the strong coupling constant, nuclear charge radii,nucleon magnetic moments, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy and Neutron life time. The three assumed atomic gravitational constants help in understanding neutron-proton stability. Electromagnetic and nuclear gravitational constants play a role in understanding proton-electron mass ratio, Bohr radius and characteristic atomic radius. With reference to the weak gravitational constant, it is possible to predict the existence of a weakly interacting fermion of rest energy 585 GeV, called Higg’s fermion. Cosmological ‘dark matter’ research and observations can be carried out in this direction also.
{"title":"Role of Four Gravitational Constants in Nuclear Structure","authors":"U. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana","doi":"10.12723/MJS.48.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.48.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to understand the role of the four gravitational constants in the nuclear structure whichhelps in understanding the nuclear elementary charge, the strong coupling constant, nuclear charge radii,nucleon magnetic moments, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy and Neutron life time. The three assumed atomic gravitational constants help in understanding neutron-proton stability. Electromagnetic and nuclear gravitational constants play a role in understanding proton-electron mass ratio, Bohr radius and characteristic atomic radius. With reference to the weak gravitational constant, it is possible to predict the existence of a weakly interacting fermion of rest energy 585 GeV, called Higg’s fermion. Cosmological ‘dark matter’ research and observations can be carried out in this direction also.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83012588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) at Van De Graaff was used to study PIXE (Particle-induced X-ray Emission) using protons of energy 3-5 MeV. It has been used for a variety of applications from studying intensity ratios, biological samples (blood), rare earth, materials (gold standards), geological samples (gemstones) pottery samples and forensic samples (ink). This article attempts to elucidate the preparation methods of the samples, the detectors used, the analysis and the findings therein for different applications.
利用Van De Graaff的折叠串联离子加速器(FOTIA)对能量为3-5 MeV的质子进行了粒子诱导x射线发射(PIXE)研究。它已被用于研究强度比、生物样本(血液)、稀土、材料(金标准)、地质样本(宝石)、陶器样本和法医样本(墨水)等各种应用。本文试图阐明样品的制备方法，所用的检测器，分析和其中的发现不同的应用。
{"title":"Proton Induced X-ray Emission Studies Using Folded tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, India","authors":"D. Joseph","doi":"10.12723/mjs.48.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.48.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) at Van De Graaff was used to study PIXE (Particle-induced X-ray Emission) using protons of energy 3-5 MeV. It has been used for a variety of applications from studying intensity ratios, biological samples (blood), rare earth, materials (gold standards), geological samples (gemstones) pottery samples and forensic samples (ink). This article attempts to elucidate the preparation methods of the samples, the detectors used, the analysis and the findings therein for different applications.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"18 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91547249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uchit Bhaskar, Smruti Pimplikar, Alisha R Murugesh, S. K, Sumathra Manokaran, A. H. M. Reddy
The excessive consumption and utilization of fossil fuels, has had deleterious effect on the global fuel supply. It also has a detrimental effect on the environment, a growing concern in the last century. The key is in finding alternative and sustainable fuel sources, such as Biodiesel, and their efficient production and utilization to meet the surplus demand. Food crops and Microalgae have been identified to be potent producers of biodiesel. Microalgae trump the food crops on account of higher fatty acid content, that aid in the synthesis of biodiesel. In this study, we have utilized the microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a source, having a high lipid content. The microalgae was cultured under optimal conditions and the extraction of the oil rich constituents was done by sonication. Further, trans-esterification was carried out to produce biodiesel. We then characterized the fuel based on its Saponification value, thin layer chromatography, types of fatty.
{"title":"Sustainable Production of Algal Biodiesel Using Chlorella Pyrenoidosa","authors":"Uchit Bhaskar, Smruti Pimplikar, Alisha R Murugesh, S. K, Sumathra Manokaran, A. H. M. Reddy","doi":"10.12723/mjs.47.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.47.4","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive consumption and utilization of fossil fuels, has had deleterious effect on the global fuel supply. It also has a detrimental effect on the environment, a growing concern in the last century. The key is in finding alternative and sustainable fuel sources, such as Biodiesel, and their efficient production and utilization to meet the surplus demand. Food crops and Microalgae have been identified to be potent producers of biodiesel. Microalgae trump the food crops on account of higher fatty acid content, that aid in the synthesis of biodiesel. In this study, we have utilized the microalgae, Chlorella pyrenoidosa as a source, having a high lipid content. The microalgae was cultured under optimal conditions and the extraction of the oil rich constituents was done by sonication. Further, trans-esterification was carried out to produce biodiesel. We then characterized the fuel based on its Saponification value, thin layer chromatography, types of fatty.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82987970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manikantan P, Rajkumar S, Thirunavukkarasu P, Harishankar K
The smokeless tobacco has a physical powerful association with the risk of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, Oral squamous cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ST components exhibit genotoxicity and may alter the structure of DNA, proteins and lipids, resulting in the production of antigenicity. Present study was carried out to investigate the effects of chewing tobacco (CT) with smoking on lymphocyte DNA damage. After signing a consent form, volunteers provided blood samples (76 samples from including experimental and control subjects) to establish SCGE (comet). Statistically significant results were obtained in experimental subjects when compared to controls. However association found with smoking had significant effect, and it can induce maximum amount of DNA damage. The genotoxic effect of chewing tobacco (CT) should be considered in addition to other known hazards for assessing health risks.
{"title":"Assessment of DNA Damage in Peripheral Blood of Tobacco Users","authors":"Manikantan P, Rajkumar S, Thirunavukkarasu P, Harishankar K","doi":"10.12723/mjs.47.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.47.1","url":null,"abstract":"The smokeless tobacco has a physical powerful association with the risk of oral leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, Oral squamous cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. ST components exhibit genotoxicity and may alter the structure of DNA, proteins and lipids, resulting in the production of antigenicity. Present study was carried out to investigate the effects of chewing tobacco (CT) with smoking on lymphocyte DNA damage. After signing a consent form, volunteers provided blood samples (76 samples from including experimental and control subjects) to establish SCGE (comet). Statistically significant results were obtained in experimental subjects when compared to controls. However association found with smoking had significant effect, and it can induce maximum amount of DNA damage. The genotoxic effect of chewing tobacco (CT) should be considered in addition to other known hazards for assessing health risks.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80778664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine microbes comprises approximately a half of the total global biodiversity. Sea offers an enormous resource for novel bioactive compounds and it has been classified as the largest remaining reservoir of natural molecules to be evaluated for drug activity. Marine bacteria have been received attention of researchers due to their innate potential to produce diverse compounds that attracts biological properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this study, we reported isolation of 10 strains from sea water and tested them with standard biochemical test and their potential to utilize carbon sugar, to confirm the Actinomycetes character. Among the isolates 10 and 1 was recorded to be gram positive. Carbon utilization test revealed that all the isolates utilized dextrose and none of the isolates utilized ducitol. Strain MS19 a non-motile, catalase positive, oxidase positive, and round shape strain was isolated from sea water of the Bay of Bengal.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity Activity of Crude Extract Produced by Marine Isolate (MS19) from Sea Water collected from Bay of Bengal, India","authors":"L. P., G. P., P. K. A.","doi":"10.12723/mjs.47.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.47.2","url":null,"abstract":"Marine microbes comprises approximately a half of the total global biodiversity. Sea offers an enormous resource for novel bioactive compounds and it has been classified as the largest remaining reservoir of natural molecules to be evaluated for drug activity. Marine bacteria have been received attention of researchers due to their innate potential to produce diverse compounds that attracts biological properties such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In this study, we reported isolation of 10 strains from sea water and tested them with standard biochemical test and their potential to utilize carbon sugar, to confirm the Actinomycetes character. Among the isolates 10 and 1 was recorded to be gram positive. Carbon utilization test revealed that all the isolates utilized dextrose and none of the isolates utilized ducitol. Strain MS19 a non-motile, catalase positive, oxidase positive, and round shape strain was isolated from sea water of the Bay of Bengal.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75213060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asha B M, H. Vardhan, Nida Afshan Khan, Sharon Eveline J
A novel marine bacterium was isolated from Pichavaram mangrove forest located near Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu and designated as MS-2-1. Morphological, cultural, physiological characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis confirmed taxonomic affiliation of MS 2 as Marinobacter aquaeolei. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum production of xylanase was observed at pH 8.0 and 30ºC.
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Alkalophilic Xylanase Producing Bacteria MS-2-1 from Marine Water Sample","authors":"Asha B M, H. Vardhan, Nida Afshan Khan, Sharon Eveline J","doi":"10.12723/mjs.47.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.47.5","url":null,"abstract":"A novel marine bacterium was isolated from Pichavaram mangrove forest located near Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu and designated as MS-2-1. Morphological, cultural, physiological characteristics as well as 16S rRNA gene sequence based phylogenetic analysis confirmed taxonomic affiliation of MS 2 as Marinobacter aquaeolei. The optimum pH and temperature for maximum production of xylanase was observed at pH 8.0 and 30ºC.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84553581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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