Enzyme-catalyzed reactions were influenced by many factors. The enzyme reacts with the substrate and converts it into products. Enzymes are influenced by temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration. This paper evaluates the hypothesis of factors that may influence enzyme activity. Two more factors that affects enzyme activity are dilution and mixing. In enzyme-substrate reactions, the small amount of dilution and mixing will not affect the enzyme activity. Dilution and mixing do not slowdowns the enzyme reaction but it enhances the enzymatic reaction up to a certain limit. Increase in dilution results in less interaction of enzyme substrate, which causes a decrease in the rate of reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to shows that, factors like mixing and dilution also affect enzyme and substrate reactions.
{"title":"Factors like Dilution and Mixing Influence Enzymatic Reactions","authors":"M. Syed, Venkatanagraraju Erumalla","doi":"10.12723/MJS.55.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.55.3","url":null,"abstract":"Enzyme-catalyzed reactions were influenced by many factors. The enzyme reacts with the substrate and converts it into products. Enzymes are influenced by temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration. This paper evaluates the hypothesis of factors that may influence enzyme activity. Two more factors that affects enzyme activity are dilution and mixing. In enzyme-substrate reactions, the small amount of dilution and mixing will not affect the enzyme activity. Dilution and mixing do not slowdowns the enzyme reaction but it enhances the enzymatic reaction up to a certain limit. Increase in dilution results in less interaction of enzyme substrate, which causes a decrease in the rate of reactions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to shows that, factors like mixing and dilution also affect enzyme and substrate reactions.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75750685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Induresmi, S. Ps, S WilliamJosephKamal, M. Joy, V. Erumalla
Microbial extracellular enzymes occupied a prominent place in industrial sector due to their multifunctional ability. Extensive application of these, gap between production and demand is widening. In order to fulfil this gap, researchers focusing on various strain improvement methods such as recombinant and non-recombinant mutagenesis. In the present research work we made an attempt to screen high yielding industrial important extracellular alginase producing Bacillus tropicus CUIMW1718 strain by treating with inexpensive mutagens such as UV, EMS and EtBr. In this indigenous strain was subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, Ethidium bromide (EtBr), Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, followed by cross mutation of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated strain with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) and Ethidium bromide (EtBr). High yielding mutant strains were selected based on zone of clearance.
{"title":"Non-Recombinant Mutagenesis of Bacillus Tropicus CUIMW1718 for Hyper Production of Alginase","authors":"S Induresmi, S. Ps, S WilliamJosephKamal, M. Joy, V. Erumalla","doi":"10.12723/MJS.55.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.55.2","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial extracellular enzymes occupied a prominent place in industrial sector due to their multifunctional ability. Extensive application of these, gap between production and demand is widening. In order to fulfil this gap, researchers focusing on various strain improvement methods such as recombinant and non-recombinant mutagenesis. In the present research work we made an attempt to screen high yielding industrial important extracellular alginase producing Bacillus tropicus CUIMW1718 strain by treating with inexpensive mutagens such as UV, EMS and EtBr. In this indigenous strain was subjected to Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, Ethidium bromide (EtBr), Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagenesis, followed by cross mutation of Ultraviolet (UV) irradiated strain with Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) and Ethidium bromide (EtBr). High yielding mutant strains were selected based on zone of clearance.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78680932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On preliminary basis neuropharmacological profile of ethanolic extract of flowers of Lawsonia inermis was carried out. For assessing the activity of flowers on central nervous system locomotor activity using actophotometer, muscle relaxant activity using rotarod apparatus, pentobarbital-induced hypnosis and anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock test was performed. Ethanolic extract of flowers of Lawsonia inermis decreased the motor activity by 48.63 % and showed 49.03% noteworthy muscle relaxation along with 127.73% potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and 66.67% decreased the duration of tonic hind leg extension of seizures activity. The results conclude that the extract of flowers of Lawsonia inermis has significant central nervous system depressant activity. Further investigations are, however, necessary to explore mechanism(s) of action involved in these pharmacological activities.
{"title":"Assessment of Neuropharmacological Profile of Ethanolic Extract of Lawsonia Inermis Flowers","authors":"S. Fathima, G. Hemalatha, T. Smitha, M. Rama","doi":"10.12723/MJS.55.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.55.4","url":null,"abstract":"On preliminary basis neuropharmacological profile of ethanolic extract of flowers of Lawsonia inermis was carried out. For assessing the activity of flowers on central nervous system locomotor activity using actophotometer, muscle relaxant activity using rotarod apparatus, pentobarbital-induced hypnosis and anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock test was performed. Ethanolic extract of flowers of Lawsonia inermis decreased the motor activity by 48.63 % and showed 49.03% noteworthy muscle relaxation along with 127.73% potentiation of pentobarbital-induced sleeping time and 66.67% decreased the duration of tonic hind leg extension of seizures activity. The results conclude that the extract of flowers of Lawsonia inermis has significant central nervous system depressant activity. Further investigations are, however, necessary to explore mechanism(s) of action involved in these pharmacological activities.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84807330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Over the past 5 decades, many strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted water. Use of aquatic plants to extract, sequester and/or detoxify pollutants and is a new and powerful technique for environmental clean up. Plants are ideal agents for soil and water remediation because of their unique genetic, biochemical and physiological properties. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of free floating duck weed Spirodela polyrhiza to remove heavy metals from waste water and the biochemical effect of heavy metals on Spirodela polyrhiza. Approximately 93% of total heavy metal induced – toxicity appears resulting in the reduced activities of nitrate reductase, total chlorophyll and protein content of the plant. The results recommended the use of Spirodela polyrhiza to ameliorate the wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.
{"title":"Performance of Aquatic Plant Species for Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Water","authors":"Priya Pillai","doi":"10.12723/MJS.55.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.55.1","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals and organic pollutants are ubiquitous environmental pollutants affecting the quality of soil, water and air. Over the past 5 decades, many strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted water. Use of aquatic plants to extract, sequester and/or detoxify pollutants and is a new and powerful technique for environmental clean up. Plants are ideal agents for soil and water remediation because of their unique genetic, biochemical and physiological properties. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of free floating duck weed Spirodela polyrhiza to remove heavy metals from waste water and the biochemical effect of heavy metals on Spirodela polyrhiza. Approximately 93% of total heavy metal induced – toxicity appears resulting in the reduced activities of nitrate reductase, total chlorophyll and protein content of the plant. The results recommended the use of Spirodela polyrhiza to ameliorate the wastewater contaminated with heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"377 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80586202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salmonella is known to be the major cause for the serious food infections prevailing round the world. Growing resistance to most of the antibiotics also makes the strain more problematic and threat. Food industry is experiencing a fatal loss both in terms of economy and the lives of cattle.
{"title":"Expression, Purification and Functional Antibacterial Characterization of Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Pediocin against Salmonella typhii","authors":"M. Vinitha, C. Nandhini, S. Malla","doi":"10.12723/MJS.55.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.55.5","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonella is known to be the major cause for the serious food infections prevailing round the world. Growing resistance to most of the antibiotics also makes the strain more problematic and threat. Food industry is experiencing a fatal loss both in terms of economy and the lives of cattle.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75297081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as on 9th July 2020 has invaded around 12.3 million population causing over half a million deaths worldwide and counting. The entire scientific community has joined hands to find a vaccine for this deadly virus that causes the respiratory illness, COVID-19 in humans. To understand the dynamics of this communicable disease and its transmission among the people in India, a mathematical model governed by ordinary differential equations with ap- propriate conditions has been established. The model is based on SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) scheme to understand the behavior of susceptible, infective and removed (both recovered and deceased) population in India. The resulting model equations have been simulated using MATLAB software. The results obtained in this model were interpreted graphically and least squares method was used to predict the transmission rate, recovery rate and mortality rate in the absence of any vaccine/immunization.
{"title":"Mathematical analysis on the dynamics of COVID-19 in India using SIR Epidemic Model","authors":"MA Khanday, F. Zargar","doi":"10.12723/mjs.54.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.54.1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak as on 9th July 2020 has invaded around 12.3 million population causing over half a million deaths worldwide and counting. The entire scientific community has joined hands to find a vaccine for this deadly virus that causes the respiratory illness, COVID-19 in humans. To understand the dynamics of this communicable disease and its transmission among the people in India, a mathematical model governed by ordinary differential equations with ap- propriate conditions has been established. The model is based on SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Removed) scheme to understand the behavior of susceptible, infective and removed (both recovered and deceased) population in India. The resulting model equations have been simulated using MATLAB software. The results obtained in this model were interpreted graphically and least squares method was used to predict the transmission rate, recovery rate and mortality rate in the absence of any vaccine/immunization. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82024523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Corona virus has in a very short span wreaked havoc on a global scale. While efforts are on to develop a vaccine against the virus, the best course of action till then is to practice good hygiene and social distancing. In this work, we discuss some quantitative models for the spread of such viruses. These models imply that ‘social distancing’, i.e. a spatial separation of one to two metres between individuals could curtail the rate of spread by increasing the time scale for propagation. We also model the growth, flattening and decay of the curve and these models match with those observed in various regions (countries).
{"title":"Modelling the spread of Corona virus","authors":"Arun Kenath, O. Kiren, C. Sivaram","doi":"10.12723/mjs.54.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.54.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Corona virus has in a very short span wreaked havoc on a global scale. While efforts are on to develop a vaccine against the virus, the best course of action till then is to practice good hygiene and social distancing. In this work, we discuss some quantitative models for the spread of such viruses. These models imply that ‘social distancing’, i.e. a spatial separation of one to two metres between individuals could curtail the rate of spread by increasing the time scale for propagation. We also model the growth, flattening and decay of the curve and these models match with those observed in various regions (countries).","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78633992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Rayleigh-B´enard convection in a couple stress liquid with rotational modulation is studied using the linear analysis based on normal mode technique. The stability of a horizontal layer of fluid heated from below is examined when, in addition to a steady rotation, a time-periodic sinusoidal perturbation is applied. The expression for Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number are obtained using regular perturbation method. The expression for correction Rayleigh number is obtained as a function of frequency of modulation, Taylor number, Couple Stress parameter and Prandtl number. It is observed that rotational modulation leads to delay in onset of convection. Rotation modulation is an example of external control of internal convection.
{"title":"Effect of Rotational Modulation on Rayleigh – B´enard Convection in a Couple Stress Liquid","authors":"S. Pranesh, K. SangeethaGeorge","doi":"10.12723/MJS.50.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.50.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Rayleigh-B´enard convection in a couple stress liquid with rotational modulation is studied using the linear analysis based on normal mode technique. The stability of a horizontal layer of fluid heated from below is examined when, in addition to a steady rotation, a time-periodic sinusoidal perturbation is applied. The expression for Rayleigh number and correction Rayleigh number are obtained using regular perturbation method. The expression for correction Rayleigh number is obtained as a function of frequency of modulation, Taylor number, Couple Stress parameter and Prandtl number. It is observed that rotational modulation leads to delay in onset of convection. Rotation modulation is an example of external control of internal convection.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89697475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Tuteja, Priti Patidar, Shilpa Mathew, Anil S. Prajapati
Corona virus is one of the significant pathogens that destructs the human respiratory functioning Deaths and casualties caused by coronaviruses (CoVs) include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV The aim of the work was to compare several antiviral drugs and find out which is the most active drug that might be used in treatment for COVID -19 In this study Molecular Docking approach was used to determine the binding affinities of 62 antiviral molecules The study was carried out using Molegro Virtual Docker 6 0 with PDB 2GTB procured from RCSB Protein Data Bank Simeprevir and Telaprevir were discovered to be most potent having high MolDock and Rerank scores of -225 158, -78 4383 and -209 467, -136 155 respectively Further studies may be conducted to design more potent analogue and defeat COVID-19
{"title":"Molecular Docking Study of Several Antiviral Drugs to Defeat Covid-19","authors":"J. Tuteja, Priti Patidar, Shilpa Mathew, Anil S. Prajapati","doi":"10.12723/MJS.54.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.54.4","url":null,"abstract":"Corona virus is one of the significant pathogens that destructs the human respiratory functioning Deaths and casualties caused by coronaviruses (CoVs) include the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV The aim of the work was to compare several antiviral drugs and find out which is the most active drug that might be used in treatment for COVID -19 In this study Molecular Docking approach was used to determine the binding affinities of 62 antiviral molecules The study was carried out using Molegro Virtual Docker 6 0 with PDB 2GTB procured from RCSB Protein Data Bank Simeprevir and Telaprevir were discovered to be most potent having high MolDock and Rerank scores of -225 158, -78 4383 and -209 467, -136 155 respectively Further studies may be conducted to design more potent analogue and defeat COVID-19","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77485247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of the book "Topics in Graph Theory" by N K Sudev.
书评N K Sudev的《图论主题》一书。
{"title":"Topics in Graph Theory, N K Sudev","authors":"Jomon Kottarathil","doi":"10.12723/MJS.54.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.54.6","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the book \"Topics in Graph Theory\" by N K Sudev.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81295051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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