In this paper the data for dailyconfirmed new casesconcerning the rise and fall of the Covid-19 (aka, coronavirus) pandemic infection in India for the nine month period starting from the first March 2020 has been subjected to a non linear least square fitting analysis using Gaussian, Skewed-Gaussian, Moffat, andVoigt model functions.The fitting parameters determined by the Python software package LMFIT are then used to compare the predicted remission times of Covid-19pandemic during 2021. It is found that while the Gaussian, Skewed-Gaussian and Moffat models predictlowlevels byabout March/April 2021; Voigt and other models predict longertimes to reach samelow endemic levels.
{"title":"Modelling Analysis of Covid-19 Infections in India and Prediction of Daily Cases in 2021","authors":"M. N. Anandaram, N. G. Puttaswamy","doi":"10.12723/MJS.54.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.54.5","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the data for dailyconfirmed new casesconcerning the rise and fall of the Covid-19 (aka, coronavirus) pandemic infection in India for the nine month period starting from the first March 2020 has been subjected to a non linear least square fitting analysis using Gaussian, Skewed-Gaussian, Moffat, andVoigt model functions.The fitting parameters determined by the Python software package LMFIT are then used to compare the predicted remission times of Covid-19pandemic during 2021. It is found that while the Gaussian, Skewed-Gaussian and Moffat models predictlowlevels byabout March/April 2021; Voigt and other models predict longertimes to reach samelow endemic levels.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"47-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86523577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole by using Gadolinium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalyst and ethanol reflux reaction conditions By using this method. 12 new 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized under optimized reactions conditions. All these new products structures are confirmed by spectral analysis. By this method, we achieved imidazole derivatives with more operational simplicity, short reaction time and good yields (up to 85%).
{"title":"Design an efficient method for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole","authors":"Srinivas B, Prabhakara Rao Koya","doi":"10.12723/MJS.53.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/MJS.53.3","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, highly efficient and environmentally friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole by using Gadolinium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalyst and ethanol reflux reaction conditions By using this method. 12 new 2-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives were synthesized under optimized reactions conditions. All these new products structures are confirmed by spectral analysis. By this method, we achieved imidazole derivatives with more operational simplicity, short reaction time and good yields (up to 85%). \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75004701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Properties, behaviors, and applications of soft materials depend decisively on the characteristics of their surfaces. Physical features and chemical functionality of the soft surfaces control their interactions with the surroundings thereby deciding their responses to various physical and chemical phenomena. A gradient of such surface features i.e, a gradual change in a chemical or physical characteristic across a surface will result in a gradual change in the response of the surface to its surroundings in the same direction. Chemical as well as physical (morphological) gradients on soft surface enable useful properties pertinent to a variety of fields such as microfluidics, surface coatings, sensing, optics, and biology. Numerous methods have been used for the preparation of chemical as well as morphological gradients. Practical applications of soft surface gradients require stable large-scale surfaces with precisely controlled directionality and resolution of the gradients. Wettability gradients are one of the prominent classes of gradients created on soft surfaces. These gradients are constituted by gradual increase or decrease of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity across a surface. One-dimensional (1D) as well as two-dimensional (2D) wettability gradients are fabricated with different patterns. This short review will summarize the advancements in the preparation, properties, and applications of wettability gradients on soft surfaces. Qualitative description of the fabrication processes, properties, and practical applications of the gradients are included along with our comments about the future prospects of these systems.
{"title":"Wettability Gradients on Soft Surfaces","authors":"Soorya S Raj, Saya Ann Suresh, V. T. P.","doi":"10.12723/mjs.53.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.53.5","url":null,"abstract":"Properties, behaviors, and applications of soft materials depend decisively on the characteristics of their surfaces. Physical features and chemical functionality of the soft surfaces control their interactions with the surroundings thereby deciding their responses to various physical and chemical phenomena. A gradient of such surface features i.e, a gradual change in a chemical or physical characteristic across a surface will result in a gradual change in the response of the surface to its surroundings in the same direction. Chemical as well as physical (morphological) gradients on soft surface enable useful properties pertinent to a variety of fields such as microfluidics, surface coatings, sensing, optics, and biology. Numerous methods have been used for the preparation of chemical as well as morphological gradients. Practical applications of soft surface gradients require stable large-scale surfaces with precisely controlled directionality and resolution of the gradients. Wettability gradients are one of the prominent classes of gradients created on soft surfaces. These gradients are constituted by gradual increase or decrease of hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity across a surface. One-dimensional (1D) as well as two-dimensional (2D) wettability gradients are fabricated with different patterns. This short review will summarize the advancements in the preparation, properties, and applications of wettability gradients on soft surfaces. Qualitative description of the fabrication processes, properties, and practical applications of the gradients are included along with our comments about the future prospects of these systems. ","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77567402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is a country where traditional medicines play a huge role in primary health care. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani are some of the well-known traditional practices used for centuries and these traditional systems are highly dependent on medicinal plants. India is a rich source of these medicinal plants. The Western Ghats is known for its rich diversity, richness, and presence of endemic species. Menispermaceae family consists of more than 400 species; all are reported to have high medicinal values. Different classes of alkaloids present may be the major reason for these biological potentials, which are of great interest for various research groups. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, protoberberine alkaloids, aporphine alkaloids, etc are some examples for the alkaloids present in the Menispermaceae family. This review deals with the phytochemistry and pharmacological study of the Menispermaceae family and the action of these plants against various infectious diseases, described in Ayurveda.
{"title":"Menispermaceae family of plants and its action against infectious diseases: A review","authors":"Meenu Murugan Thulasi, Radhakrishnan Kokkuvayil Vasu","doi":"10.12723/mjs.53.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.53.4","url":null,"abstract":"India is a country where traditional medicines play a huge role in primary health care. Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani are some of the well-known traditional practices used for centuries and these traditional systems are highly dependent on medicinal plants. India is a rich source of these medicinal plants. The Western Ghats is known for its rich diversity, richness, and presence of endemic species. Menispermaceae family consists of more than 400 species; all are reported to have high medicinal values. Different classes of alkaloids present may be the major reason for these biological potentials, which are of great interest for various research groups. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, protoberberine alkaloids, aporphine alkaloids, etc are some examples for the alkaloids present in the Menispermaceae family. This review deals with the phytochemistry and pharmacological study of the Menispermaceae family and the action of these plants against various infectious diseases, described in Ayurveda.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91249030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novel penta-coordinated 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide silicon complexes were synthesized by the reaction of various 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxides with silicon pinacolate. These complexes were characterized by 29Si NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The objectives of the present work is the study of influence of substitution at either 4 or 2-position of the pyridine N-oxide on the effect of the profile of pentacoordination.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of penta-coordinated 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide silicon complexes","authors":"Rajesh B. R. D. Yamajala","doi":"10.12723/mjs.53.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.53.2","url":null,"abstract":"Novel penta-coordinated 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxide silicon complexes were synthesized by the reaction of various 2- and 4-substituted pyridine N-oxides with silicon pinacolate. These complexes were characterized by 29Si NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The objectives of the present work is the study of influence of substitution at either 4 or 2-position of the pyridine N-oxide on the effect of the profile of pentacoordination.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87285588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-17DOI: 10.20944/preprints201912.0231.v2
U. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana
When mass of any elementary is extremely small/negligible compared to macroscopic bodies, highly curved microscopic space-time can be addressed with large gravitational constants and magnitude of elementary gravitational constant seems to increase with decreasing mass and increasing interaction range. Following the notion of string theory, compactification of 6 un-observable spatial dimensions might be playing a key role in hiding the large magnitudes of the three atomic gravitational constants. In this context, in our earlier publications, we proposed the existence of three large atomic gravitational constants assumed to be associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. Proceeding further, 1) Electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 585 GeV and can be considered as the zygote of all elementary particles and galactic dark matter; 2) H-bar seems to be a compactified outcome of unified electroweak gravity.
{"title":"Is Reduced Planck’s Constant- An Outcome of Electroweak Gravity?","authors":"U. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana","doi":"10.20944/preprints201912.0231.v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201912.0231.v2","url":null,"abstract":"When mass of any elementary is extremely small/negligible compared to macroscopic bodies, highly curved microscopic space-time can be addressed with large gravitational constants and magnitude of elementary gravitational constant seems to increase with decreasing mass and increasing interaction range. Following the notion of string theory, compactification of 6 un-observable spatial dimensions might be playing a key role in hiding the large magnitudes of the three atomic gravitational constants. In this context, in our earlier publications, we proposed the existence of three large atomic gravitational constants assumed to be associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. Proceeding further, 1) Electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 585 GeV and can be considered as the zygote of all elementary particles and galactic dark matter; 2) H-bar seems to be a compactified outcome of unified electroweak gravity.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89060867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adsorption is considered to be one of the most promising techniques for wastewater treatment over the last decades. The economic crisis of the 2000s led researchers to turn their interest in adsorbent materials with lower cost. The study was conducted to treat the Textile, dye and printing industry effluent using naturally occurring biological adsorbents (Areaca catechu, Moringa pterygosperma, Quercus infectoria and Tamarindus indica). The treatment was carried out on various concentrations (25%, 50% 75% and 100%) of dye effluent. Highest removal of pollutant was observed at lower effluent concentrations (25% and 50%) as compared to higher effluent concentrations (75 % and 100%). The addition of biological adsorbents has brought a significant reduction in various parameters of Textile, dye and printing industry effluent. The reduction in pollution load may be due to the coagulative / chelative property of Areaca catechu, Moringa pterygosperma, Quercus infectoria and Tamarindus indica can be used as low cost and safest biological adsorbents for removing toxic substances in Textile, dye and printing industry effluent.
{"title":"Efficiency of Natural Biological Adsorbents to Remove Pollutants from Textile, Dye and Printing Industry Effluent","authors":"Priya Pillai","doi":"10.12723/mjs.51.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.51.2","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption is considered to be one of the most promising techniques for wastewater treatment over the last decades. The economic crisis of the 2000s led researchers to turn their interest in adsorbent materials with lower cost. The study was conducted to treat the Textile, dye and printing industry effluent using naturally occurring biological adsorbents (Areaca catechu, Moringa pterygosperma, Quercus infectoria and Tamarindus indica). The treatment was carried out on various concentrations (25%, 50% 75% and 100%) of dye effluent. Highest removal of pollutant was observed at lower effluent concentrations (25% and 50%) as compared to higher effluent concentrations (75 % and 100%). The addition of biological adsorbents has brought a significant reduction in various parameters of Textile, dye and printing industry effluent. The reduction in pollution load may be due to the coagulative / chelative property of Areaca catechu, Moringa pterygosperma, Quercus infectoria and Tamarindus indica can be used as low cost and safest biological adsorbents for removing toxic substances in Textile, dye and printing industry effluent.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90789507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gymnema sylvestre (Madhunashini) is one of the most important medicinal plants used as a crude drug for its preventive and therapeutic properties. Among other constituents of Gymnema, gymnemic acid is a major component responsible for biological and pharmacological actions. The present study deals with the influence of different media strength and initial medium pH on the growth of hairy roots and gymnemic acid production from Gymnema sylvestre. Higher strength of the media (1.5X) favoured the biomass production (114.64 g/L FW and 12.63 g/L DW) and gymnemic acid content (11.7 mg/g DW) in the tested range of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 X strength. Among the different hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 5.8, 6.0 and 6.5, initial medium pH of 6.0 favoured the biomass production (102.41 g/L FW and 11.52 g/L DW) and medium pH of 5.8 favoured the gymnemic acid production (11.30 mg/g DW).
{"title":"Effect of Media Strength and pH on the Growth of Hairy Roots and Production of Gymnemic Acid from Gymnema Sylvestre","authors":"N. Praveen, I. Chung","doi":"10.12723/mjs.51.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.51.3","url":null,"abstract":"Gymnema sylvestre (Madhunashini) is one of the most important medicinal plants used as a crude drug for its preventive and therapeutic properties. Among other constituents of Gymnema, gymnemic acid is a major component responsible for biological and pharmacological actions. The present study deals with the influence of different media strength and initial medium pH on the growth of hairy roots and gymnemic acid production from Gymnema sylvestre. Higher strength of the media (1.5X) favoured the biomass production (114.64 g/L FW and 12.63 g/L DW) and gymnemic acid content (11.7 mg/g DW) in the tested range of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 X strength. Among the different hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 5.8, 6.0 and 6.5, initial medium pH of 6.0 favoured the biomass production (102.41 g/L FW and 11.52 g/L DW) and medium pH of 5.8 favoured the gymnemic acid production (11.30 mg/g DW).","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82034639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study enumerated the microbial communities in soil samples from rice, banana and arecanut from the wet lands of Wayanad district Kerala. The total viable bacterial count in the paddy field was 120x10-6 cfu, 121x10-6 cfu and 147x10-6 cfu in Nenmeni, Kaniyambatta and Pozhuthana Gramapanchayat and that of fungi was 30x10-3 cfu, 32 x10-3 cfu and 37 x10-3 cfu. Likewise, the total viable count of bacteria in areca nut at Nenmeni, Kaniyambatta and Pozhuthana Gramapanchayat was 66 x10-6 cfu, 80 x10-6 cfu, 118 x10-6 cfu and that of fungi was 14 x10-3 cfu, 18 x10-3 cfu, and 30 x10-3 cfu. The total viable count of bacteria in banana field at Nenmeni, and Pozhuthana was 51 x10-6 cfu and that of Kaniyambatta Gramapanchayath was 56 x10-6 cfu. The viable fungal colony at Nenmeni and Kaniyambatta was 18x10-3 cfu and that of Pozhuthana Gramapanchayath was 24 x10-6 cfu.
{"title":"Impact of Cropping Systems on Soil Microbial Load: Evidence from Wetland Ecosystems of Wayanad District, Kerala","authors":"P. Asiya, M. Menon, Girigan Gopi, V. Das","doi":"10.12723/mjs.51.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.51.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study enumerated the microbial communities in soil samples from rice, banana and arecanut from the wet lands of Wayanad district Kerala. The total viable bacterial count in the paddy field was 120x10-6 cfu, 121x10-6 cfu and 147x10-6 cfu in Nenmeni, Kaniyambatta and Pozhuthana Gramapanchayat and that of fungi was 30x10-3 cfu, 32 x10-3 cfu and 37 x10-3 cfu. Likewise, the total viable count of bacteria in areca nut at Nenmeni, Kaniyambatta and Pozhuthana Gramapanchayat was 66 x10-6 cfu, 80 x10-6 cfu, 118 x10-6 cfu and that of fungi was 14 x10-3 cfu, 18 x10-3 cfu, and 30 x10-3 cfu. The total viable count of bacteria in banana field at Nenmeni, and Pozhuthana was 51 x10-6 cfu and that of Kaniyambatta Gramapanchayath was 56 x10-6 cfu. The viable fungal colony at Nenmeni and Kaniyambatta was 18x10-3 cfu and that of Pozhuthana Gramapanchayath was 24 x10-6 cfu.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84351130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted in Meenangadi panchayat of Wayanad, Kerala. Agriculture was primary occupation for majority of the respondents (44 percent). 38 percentage of the respondents were utilising the facilities provided by the animal husbandry department of the state. According to the perception of 72 percent of the respondents, the most important constraint in dairy farming was the non-availability of fodder followed by responses that indicated the next deterrent to be the high cost of cattle feed (60 percent). A total of fourteen clean milking practices were analysed and adoption of milking practices were calculated by using adoption index. Majority of the respondents were found to be medium adopters.
{"title":"Socio-economic Profile and Adoption of Recommended Milking Practices among Small Dairy Farmers of Meenangadi Gram Panchayat of Wayanad District of Kerala","authors":"P. Asiya, Girigan Gopi","doi":"10.12723/mjs.51.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.51.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Meenangadi panchayat of Wayanad, Kerala. Agriculture was primary occupation for majority of the respondents (44 percent). 38 percentage of the respondents were utilising the facilities provided by the animal husbandry department of the state. According to the perception of 72 percent of the respondents, the most important constraint in dairy farming was the non-availability of fodder followed by responses that indicated the next deterrent to be the high cost of cattle feed (60 percent). A total of fourteen clean milking practices were analysed and adoption of milking practices were calculated by using adoption index. Majority of the respondents were found to be medium adopters.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：