In the present study fruit of Acacia nilotica was chosen to evaluate its antioxidant, larvicidal and antibacterial properties. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the plant fruits affirmed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin and steroid. The antioxidant properties of the aqueous and alcohol fruit extracts were noted as 10.11±0.035 and 9.75±0.023 mM of FeSO4 for Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay respectively. The potency of antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and alcohol extract of A. nilotica fruit were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis, and Escherichiacoli. The alcohol extract against E. coli, exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extracts of A. nilotica fruit showed potential toxicity against Aedes albopictus larvae with LC50 value of 142.074 mg L-1. Present findings clearly indicated that A. nilotica fruit extracts could be most effectively used as a natural antioxidant, antibacterial and larvicidal agent.
{"title":"Studies on Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Larvicidal Properties of the Acacia nilotica Fruit Extracts","authors":"Niloy Das, Sonali Saha, Utpal Singha Roy","doi":"10.12723/mjs.63.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.63.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study fruit of Acacia nilotica was chosen to evaluate its antioxidant, larvicidal and antibacterial properties. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and alcohol extracts of the plant fruits affirmed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugar, phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin and steroid. The antioxidant properties of the aqueous and alcohol fruit extracts were noted as 10.11±0.035 and 9.75±0.023 mM of FeSO4 for Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay respectively. The potency of antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and alcohol extract of A. nilotica fruit were tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis, and Escherichiacoli. The alcohol extract against E. coli, exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Aqueous extracts of A. nilotica fruit showed potential toxicity against Aedes albopictus larvae with LC50 value of 142.074 mg L-1. Present findings clearly indicated that A. nilotica fruit extracts could be most effectively used as a natural antioxidant, antibacterial and larvicidal agent.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79739757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have proposed new concepts and results pertaining to a very simple and practical model of quantum cosmology based on light speed expanding black hole universe having no dark matter and no dark energy. Big bang concept can be replaced with Plank scale. Cosmic temperature and expansion rate can be related with scaled Hawking’s Black hole temperature formula. Starting from cosmic center to cosmic boundary, a decreasing trend of galactic acceleration can be understood with continuous light speed expansion at cosmic boundary. Issue of ‘causal disconnection of galaxies at large scale distances’ can be eliminated by cosmic black hole physical concepts. Dark matter concept can be eliminated with ‘super gravity of galactic baryonic mass caused by weak interaction’. Cosmic inflation and dark energy concepts can be eliminated with ‘light speed expansion’. To fit the estimated light travel distances and to eliminate the dark energy, cosmic red shift can be redefined
{"title":"Concepts and Results of a Practical Model of Quantum Cosmology","authors":"Utpala Venkata Satya Seshavatharam, Sreerama Lakshminarayana","doi":"10.12723/mjs.61.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.61.2","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed new concepts and results pertaining to a very simple and practical model of quantum cosmology based on light speed expanding black hole universe having no dark matter and no dark energy. Big bang concept can be replaced with Plank scale. Cosmic temperature and expansion rate can be related with scaled Hawking’s Black hole temperature formula. Starting from cosmic center to cosmic boundary, a decreasing trend of galactic acceleration can be understood with continuous light speed expansion at cosmic boundary. Issue of ‘causal disconnection of galaxies at large scale distances’ can be eliminated by cosmic black hole physical concepts. Dark matter concept can be eliminated with ‘super gravity of galactic baryonic mass caused by weak interaction’. Cosmic inflation and dark energy concepts can be eliminated with ‘light speed expansion’. To fit the estimated light travel distances and to eliminate the dark energy, cosmic red shift can be redefined","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"492 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78130511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kaushik, Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, Ajay Kumar Mann
The impact of Fe3+ dopant on structural, morphological and electric properties of ZnO nano materials prepared via co-precipitation methodology is explored in this work. The XRD measurements affirmed the wurtzite hexagonal arrangement with the P63mc space group. Crystalline size, inter-planar spacing, and cell volume of the Fe3+/ZnO-400 were determined to be 38.6 nm, 2.6903 nm and 57.44 Å3, individually. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)was utilized for morphological investigations of the surface of samples. The photoluminescence (PL) studies were estimated at 325 nm excitation wavelength via utilizing a photoluminescence spectrometer to observe the emission spectrum of samples. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometer was used to measure IR spectra to identify the presence of bonds in the samples with peaks around 536-634 cm-1. Complex impedance measurements of the Fe3+/ZnO-RT and Fe3+/ZnO-400 samples were estimated at 310 K using a galvanostat in the range of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz.
{"title":"Fe3+/Fe2+ - ZnO nanostructures: Synergetic effect of annealing temperature on Structural, Optical and Dielectric properties","authors":"A. Kaushik, Sunil Kumar Chaudhary, Ajay Kumar Mann","doi":"10.12723/mjs.61.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.61.3","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of Fe3+ dopant on structural, morphological and electric properties of ZnO nano materials prepared via co-precipitation methodology is explored in this work. The XRD measurements affirmed the wurtzite hexagonal arrangement with the P63mc space group. Crystalline size, inter-planar spacing, and cell volume of the Fe3+/ZnO-400 were determined to be 38.6 nm, 2.6903 nm and 57.44 Å3, individually. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)was utilized for morphological investigations of the surface of samples. The photoluminescence (PL) studies were estimated at 325 nm excitation wavelength via utilizing a photoluminescence spectrometer to observe the emission spectrum of samples. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectrometer was used to measure IR spectra to identify the presence of bonds in the samples with peaks around 536-634 cm-1. Complex impedance measurements of the Fe3+/ZnO-RT and Fe3+/ZnO-400 samples were estimated at 310 K using a galvanostat in the range of frequency from 50 Hz to 5 MHz.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81970838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determination of Planck’s constant using LEDs has been a favourite experiment even from student perspective because of its simplicity and taught in undergraduate laboratories for the past five decades. Several modifications and improvements adopted in both experiment procedure as well as data analysis part of this experiment during this period have been revisited in this paper. From the simplest experiment to determine turn-on voltages using human judgement with naked eye to advanced equipment to detect even pico ampere current flowing through LED’s have been proposed by various researchers. Many of these proposals were successful in arriving at Planck’s constant with excellent agreement with standard value. Reasons for yielding unrealistic values of Planck’s constant have also been reported by several researchers.
{"title":"Five decades of determining Planck’s constant using light emitting diodes in Undergraduate Laboratories - A Review","authors":"Harish Venkatreddy, Shivaprasad Nambhihalli Gopalakrishna, Ashok Godekere Visweswaraiah, Nagendra Naik Keemya Naik","doi":"10.12723/mjs.61.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.61.6","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of Planck’s constant using LEDs has been a favourite experiment even from student perspective because of its simplicity and taught in undergraduate laboratories for the past five decades. Several modifications and improvements adopted in both experiment procedure as well as data analysis part of this experiment during this period have been revisited in this paper. From the simplest experiment to determine turn-on voltages using human judgement with naked eye to advanced equipment to detect even pico ampere current flowing through LED’s have been proposed by various researchers. Many of these proposals were successful in arriving at Planck’s constant with excellent agreement with standard value. Reasons for yielding unrealistic values of Planck’s constant have also been reported by several researchers.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"304 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76849948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitin Waybhase, Hritik Joshi, R. Litoriya, Dharmendra Mangal
We tend to notice a lot of development in the computing world in today’s modern world. Computer science is a technique that combines today's technologies. This paper is also backed by a small portion of AI. This paper shows how to use our computer's window exploitation camera to create a hand gesture-based virtual mouse that allows you to control the entire system by merely moving your fingertips. Finger detecting methods for quick camera access and simple computer software make it even more accessible. A motion tracking mouse is implemented using the system. This technology eliminates the need for a physical mouse, saving time and effort.
{"title":"Towards Controlling Mouse through Hand Gestures: A Novel and Efficient Approach","authors":"Nitin Waybhase, Hritik Joshi, R. Litoriya, Dharmendra Mangal","doi":"10.12723/mjs.61.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.61.5","url":null,"abstract":"We tend to notice a lot of development in the computing world in today’s modern world. Computer science is a technique that combines today's technologies. This paper is also backed by a small portion of AI. This paper shows how to use our computer's window exploitation camera to create a hand gesture-based virtual mouse that allows you to control the entire system by merely moving your fingertips. Finger detecting methods for quick camera access and simple computer software make it even more accessible. A motion tracking mouse is implemented using the system. This technology eliminates the need for a physical mouse, saving time and effort.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83446310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we have found the solution of linear sequential fractional differential equations involving conformable fractional derivatives of order with constant coefficients. For this purpose, we first discussed fundamental properties of the conformable derivative and then obtained successive conformable derivatives of the fractional exponential function. After this, we determined the analytic solution of linear sequential fractional differential equations (L.S.F.D.E.) in terms of a fractional exponential function. We have demonstrated this developed method with a few examples of homogeneous linear fractional differential equations. This method gives a conjugation with the method to solve classical linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
{"title":"Solution of Homogeneous Linear Fractional Differential Equations Involving Conformable Fractional Derivative","authors":"Anuj Tyagi, Jyotsna Chandel","doi":"10.12723/mjs.63.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.63.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we have found the solution of linear sequential fractional differential equations involving conformable fractional derivatives of order with constant coefficients. For this purpose, we first discussed fundamental properties of the conformable derivative and then obtained successive conformable derivatives of the fractional exponential function. After this, we determined the analytic solution of linear sequential fractional differential equations (L.S.F.D.E.) in terms of a fractional exponential function. We have demonstrated this developed method with a few examples of homogeneous linear fractional differential equations. This method gives a conjugation with the method to solve classical linear differential equations with constant coefficients.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86479609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The gravitational interaction has mass of only one sign as the source that is conventionally taken to be positive. The existence of negative mass is not precluded in either Newtonian gravity or general relativity. Negative masses have been invoked in many recent papers to understand the dominance of repulsive dark energy that is accelerating the universe. Here we discuss the various gravitating properties of negative mass particles and their implications for black holes, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Inconsistencies in the earlier works are also discussed. We study the possibility of such negative mass particles accounting for the accelerated expansion of the universe. We set constraints on the density of these negative mass particles based on astrophysical observations.
{"title":"Gravity of Negative Mass: Some Subtle Aspects and Implications","authors":"C. Sivaram, K. Arun, A. Prasad","doi":"10.12723/mjs.63.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.63.4","url":null,"abstract":"The gravitational interaction has mass of only one sign as the source that is conventionally taken to be positive. The existence of negative mass is not precluded in either Newtonian gravity or general relativity. Negative masses have been invoked in many recent papers to understand the dominance of repulsive dark energy that is accelerating the universe. Here we discuss the various gravitating properties of negative mass particles and their implications for black holes, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Inconsistencies in the earlier works are also discussed. We study the possibility of such negative mass particles accounting for the accelerated expansion of the universe. We set constraints on the density of these negative mass particles based on astrophysical observations.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79348605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined extinction spectra, electric field intensity, and their variations due to various semiconductor medium, for gold nanoparticles, using Nanosphere Optics Lab Field Simulator which is based on Mie’s theory of scattering by sphere. The peak extinction wavelength and bandwidth are found to get varied with size of the gold nanoparticle, in four different regimes. Asymmetric distributions of electric fields are observed in particles typically larger than 25nm. The significant differences are found in the results due to changes in the embedding medium. The gold nanoparticles' unique tunable electro-optical properties may therefore be useful for medical, health care, industrial catalysts, and other consumer products. The study shows improved results may be obtained in the medium size range i.e. 25-75nm. In addition, the selectivity can be improved linearly as the refractive index of the host material increases.
{"title":"Optoelectronic Transitions in Gold Spherical Nanoparticles - A Simulation Study","authors":"Amit Kumar","doi":"10.12723/mjs.63.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.63.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined extinction spectra, electric field intensity, and their variations due to various semiconductor medium, for gold nanoparticles, using Nanosphere Optics Lab Field Simulator which is based on Mie’s theory of scattering by sphere. The peak extinction wavelength and bandwidth are found to get varied with size of the gold nanoparticle, in four different regimes. Asymmetric distributions of electric fields are observed in particles typically larger than 25nm. The significant differences are found in the results due to changes in the embedding medium. The gold nanoparticles' unique tunable electro-optical properties may therefore be useful for medical, health care, industrial catalysts, and other consumer products. The study shows improved results may be obtained in the medium size range i.e. 25-75nm. In addition, the selectivity can be improved linearly as the refractive index of the host material increases.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84590841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper details information acquired from a secure shell honeypot, including plaintext login credentials and comprehensive attack data. As the number of data breaches and password leaks rises year after year, more dictionaries of reverse-engineered hashed passwords develop. Besides contributing to educational password dictionaries, this article also attempts to provide information about the geographical makeup of hackers encountered, as well as favored protocols. Its goal is to encourage developers to produce practical honeypot solutions for organizations with limited resources for their cyber-protection, as well as to encourage organizations to implement such measures and study their data. The low-interaction, user-friendly honeypot created is capable of running without manual intervention, and without interfering with parallelly running processes. Besides collecting login credentials used with SSH, in plaintext, its capabilities include recording, analyzing, and sending notifications about suspicious network traffic.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Research Study on Low-Interaction Secure Shell Honeypot","authors":"Sudesh Pahal, P. Priya","doi":"10.12723/mjs.63.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.63.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details information acquired from a secure shell honeypot, including plaintext login credentials and comprehensive attack data. As the number of data breaches and password leaks rises year after year, more dictionaries of reverse-engineered hashed passwords develop. Besides contributing to educational password dictionaries, this article also attempts to provide information about the geographical makeup of hackers encountered, as well as favored protocols. Its goal is to encourage developers to produce practical honeypot solutions for organizations with limited resources for their cyber-protection, as well as to encourage organizations to implement such measures and study their data. The low-interaction, user-friendly honeypot created is capable of running without manual intervention, and without interfering with parallelly running processes. Besides collecting login credentials used with SSH, in plaintext, its capabilities include recording, analyzing, and sending notifications about suspicious network traffic.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72789172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, in 2021, Bijender et al. proposed the establishment of -contraction. Such sort of contraction is a genuine generalization of the standard contraction in the study of metric fixed point theory. The aim of the present study is the establishment of the novel concept of the fuzzy B-type contraction in the settings of fuzzy metric space and such contractions are also used to establish a few fixed point theorems.
{"title":"Fixed Point Theorem for Fuzzy B-type Contractions in Fuzzy Metric Spaces","authors":"Vizender Singh, Bijender Singh, Anil.k. Ahlawat","doi":"10.12723/mjs.64.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12723/mjs.64.1","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, in 2021, Bijender et al. proposed the establishment of -contraction. Such sort of contraction is a genuine generalization of the standard contraction in the study of metric fixed point theory. The aim of the present study is the establishment of the novel concept of the fuzzy B-type contraction in the settings of fuzzy metric space and such contractions are also used to establish a few fixed point theorems.","PeriodicalId":18050,"journal":{"name":"Mapana Journal of Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85092329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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