Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100419
Jesugnon Fifamè Murielle Féty Tonouéwa, Samadori Sorotori Honoré Biaou, E. Assèdé, P. Langbour, Ogoulonou Rodrigue Balagueman
Understanding the drivers of wood density variation both within a tree and between trees is important in predicting the quality of wood logs and improving this quality through adequate forestry management. This study examined the effect of the diameter growth of Acacia auriculiformis on its wood density variation. The study was conducted in the South of Benin in four plantations of Acacia auriculiformis . Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method was used to predict the basic density of 225 tree wood cores of Acacia auriculiformis . A predicting model of the average tree density using the diameter as predictor was established. The relationship between wood density and tree diameter was best described by a linear mixed-effect model. The average wood density of trees increased with the diameter. The study concluded that the quality of the species logs can be improved through regular thinning and genetic selection.
{"title":"Influence of growth parameters on wood density of Acacia auriculiformis","authors":"Jesugnon Fifamè Murielle Féty Tonouéwa, Samadori Sorotori Honoré Biaou, E. Assèdé, P. Langbour, Ogoulonou Rodrigue Balagueman","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100419","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the drivers of wood density variation both within a tree and between trees is important in predicting the quality of wood logs and improving this quality through adequate forestry management. This study examined the effect of the diameter growth of Acacia auriculiformis on its wood density variation. The study was conducted in the South of Benin in four plantations of Acacia auriculiformis . Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) method was used to predict the basic density of 225 tree wood cores of Acacia auriculiformis . A predicting model of the average tree density using the diameter as predictor was established. The relationship between wood density and tree diameter was best described by a linear mixed-effect model. The average wood density of trees increased with the diameter. The study concluded that the quality of the species logs can be improved through regular thinning and genetic selection.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77332175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100425
Winicius Augusto Schaeffer, T. Monteiro, R. J. Klitzke, A. Pelissari, Claudio Gumane Francisco Juizo, Tarcila Rosa da Silva Lins
This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of the air circulation speed and the final moisture content of pine lumber after kiln drying by using geostatistics. Two kilns acting on boards of 27 mm and 42 mm were evaluated. Air circulation speed and final moisture content were collected in different regions of the kilns. There was no significant difference for air circulation speed and final moisture content between the front and rear regions of the equipment. In the horizontal axis (Y-axis), air circulation speed averages did not differ statistically in both situations, but higher values for this variable were obtained from the spaces between the piles. Final moisture content tended to increase when closer to the door opening. In the vertical axis (Z-axis), the lower part tended to reach higher air circulation speed values. Thus, the spatial behavior influences the air circulation speed and final moisture content during lumber drying. Besides, the variograms presented the same tendency in comparison to the data obtained in a conventional manner, which indicates that geostatistics can be used to represent variables in kilns during the drying process.
{"title":"Lumber drying of Pinus: Geostatistics applied to drying kilns","authors":"Winicius Augusto Schaeffer, T. Monteiro, R. J. Klitzke, A. Pelissari, Claudio Gumane Francisco Juizo, Tarcila Rosa da Silva Lins","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100425","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of the air circulation speed and the final moisture content of pine lumber after kiln drying by using geostatistics. Two kilns acting on boards of 27 mm and 42 mm were evaluated. Air circulation speed and final moisture content were collected in different regions of the kilns. There was no significant difference for air circulation speed and final moisture content between the front and rear regions of the equipment. In the horizontal axis (Y-axis), air circulation speed averages did not differ statistically in both situations, but higher values for this variable were obtained from the spaces between the piles. Final moisture content tended to increase when closer to the door opening. In the vertical axis (Z-axis), the lower part tended to reach higher air circulation speed values. Thus, the spatial behavior influences the air circulation speed and final moisture content during lumber drying. Besides, the variograms presented the same tendency in comparison to the data obtained in a conventional manner, which indicates that geostatistics can be used to represent variables in kilns during the drying process.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88314285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100423
Ç. Altay, I. Babahan, Halil Kılıç, Hilmi Toker, Ergun Baysal
This study was performed to investigate some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain and some fire properties such as weight loss and temperature values of Oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis ) treated with fire-retardants and coated with polyurethane/polyurea hybrid resin and epoxy resin were investigated. The coatings are based on epoxy and polyurethanepolyurea hybrid resins. Firstly, an impregnation method was applied by using fire-retardants which are boron chemicals and ammonium sulfate before coating process. Oriental beech was impregnated with 3 % aqueous solution of boric acid, borax, boric acid and borax mixture (1:1), and ammonium sulfate. Oriental beech was primed with epoxy resin by using Sikafloor ® -156, and then coated with Sikalastic ® -851, a polyurethane/polyurea hybrid resin. Results showed that modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain values of polyurethane/ polyurea and epoxy resin coated Oriental beech wood were higher than that of un-treated and non-coated (control) group. Fire-retardants treatment before polyurethane/polyurea and epoxy resin coatings caused to decrease modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain values of Oriental beech in some extent. Weight loss and temprature values of polyurethane/polyurea and epoxy resin coated Oriental beech were higher than that of un-treated and non-coated (control) group. Hovewer, fire-retardants treatment before polyurethane/polyurea and epoxy resin coatings improved fire properties of Oriental beech wood.
{"title":"Mechanical and fire properties of oriental beech impregnated with fire-retardants and coated with polyurea/polyurethane hybrid and epoxy resins","authors":"Ç. Altay, I. Babahan, Halil Kılıç, Hilmi Toker, Ergun Baysal","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100423","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to investigate some mechanical properties such as modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain and some fire properties such as weight loss and temperature values of Oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis ) treated with fire-retardants and coated with polyurethane/polyurea hybrid resin and epoxy resin were investigated. The coatings are based on epoxy and polyurethanepolyurea hybrid resins. Firstly, an impregnation method was applied by using fire-retardants which are boron chemicals and ammonium sulfate before coating process. Oriental beech was impregnated with 3 % aqueous solution of boric acid, borax, boric acid and borax mixture (1:1), and ammonium sulfate. Oriental beech was primed with epoxy resin by using Sikafloor ® -156, and then coated with Sikalastic ® -851, a polyurethane/polyurea hybrid resin. Results showed that modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain values of polyurethane/ polyurea and epoxy resin coated Oriental beech wood were higher than that of un-treated and non-coated (control) group. Fire-retardants treatment before polyurethane/polyurea and epoxy resin coatings caused to decrease modulus of rupture and compression strength parallel to grain values of Oriental beech in some extent. Weight loss and temprature values of polyurethane/polyurea and epoxy resin coated Oriental beech were higher than that of un-treated and non-coated (control) group. Hovewer, fire-retardants treatment before polyurethane/polyurea and epoxy resin coatings improved fire properties of Oriental beech wood.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90221378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100417
Wenlong Hu, H. Wan
The effects of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin on weathering durability property of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and southern pine (Pinus taeda) specimens were studied using six wetdry cycles with ultraviolet light accelerated weathering test following ASTM via evaluating the water repellent efficiency, dimensional stability, and crack formation of wood. The results showed that 1) the water repellent efficiency of treated quarter-sawn sweetgum specimens was higher than those of treated quarter-sawn and flatsawn southern pine specimens; 2) the dimensional stabilities of sweetgum and southern pine specimens were all improved by impregnating low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin, especially for sweetgum; 3) there were clearly more cracks on exposed ends and surfaces of all treated sweetgum and southern pine specimens than those on control ones, indicating that the low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin modification used in this study were not able to improve the anti-cracking properties of sweetgum and southern pine specimens. Generally, the sweetgum was more suitable to be impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin than southern pine with the procedure described according to dimensional stability and water repellent efficiency, in order to improve the weathering durability.
{"title":"Comparative study on weathering durability property of phenol formaldehyde resin modified sweetgum and southern pine specimens","authors":"Wenlong Hu, H. Wan","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100417","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin on weathering durability property of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and southern pine (Pinus taeda) specimens were studied using six wetdry cycles with ultraviolet light accelerated weathering test following ASTM via evaluating the water repellent efficiency, dimensional stability, and crack formation of wood. The results showed that 1) the water repellent efficiency of treated quarter-sawn sweetgum specimens was higher than those of treated quarter-sawn and flatsawn southern pine specimens; 2) the dimensional stabilities of sweetgum and southern pine specimens were all improved by impregnating low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin, especially for sweetgum; 3) there were clearly more cracks on exposed ends and surfaces of all treated sweetgum and southern pine specimens than those on control ones, indicating that the low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin modification used in this study were not able to improve the anti-cracking properties of sweetgum and southern pine specimens. Generally, the sweetgum was more suitable to be impregnated with low molecular weight phenol formaldehyde resin than southern pine with the procedure described according to dimensional stability and water repellent efficiency, in order to improve the weathering durability.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90632160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100416
H. Vieira, P. Rios, Joielan Xipaia dos Santos, D. Souza, G. I. Bolzon de Muniz, Simone Ribeiro Morrone, S. Nisgoski
Because of the need for identification of forest species, especially for detection of illegal wood trade, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry for differentiation of Inga vera Willd., Muellera campestris (Mart. ex Benth.) M.J. Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo and Machaerium paraguariense Hassl., species of the Fabaceae family, native to the Araucaria Forest in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Discs at breast height were collected from three trees of each species and the colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) and visible spectra were evaluated in different radial position of the trunk (near bark, intermediate and near pith) and three different anatomical sections (transversal, radial and tangential surfaces). Mean values of hue angle (h) among the colorimetric parameters resulted in the highest potential for species discrimination. With respect to radial trunk position and anatomical section, parameters a* (green-red) and h were not statistically different, independent of the wood samples evaluated. For other parameters (L*, b* and C*), each species presented distinct results. Principal component analysis with second derivative of visible spectra discriminated all species. Colorimetry associated with chemometrics allowed to distinguish I. vera, M. campestris and M. paraguariense.
{"title":"Applying colorimetry for wood differentiation of fabaceae species grown in southern Brazil","authors":"H. Vieira, P. Rios, Joielan Xipaia dos Santos, D. Souza, G. I. Bolzon de Muniz, Simone Ribeiro Morrone, S. Nisgoski","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100416","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the need for identification of forest species, especially for detection of illegal wood trade, the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of colorimetry for differentiation of Inga vera Willd., Muellera campestris (Mart. ex Benth.) M.J. Silva & A.M.G. Azevedo and Machaerium paraguariense Hassl., species of the Fabaceae family, native to the Araucaria Forest in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Discs at breast height were collected from three trees of each species and the colorimetric parameters (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) and visible spectra were evaluated in different radial position of the trunk (near bark, intermediate and near pith) and three different anatomical sections (transversal, radial and tangential surfaces). Mean values of hue angle (h) among the colorimetric parameters resulted in the highest potential for species discrimination. With respect to radial trunk position and anatomical section, parameters a* (green-red) and h were not statistically different, independent of the wood samples evaluated. For other parameters (L*, b* and C*), each species presented distinct results. Principal component analysis with second derivative of visible spectra discriminated all species. Colorimetry associated with chemometrics allowed to distinguish I. vera, M. campestris and M. paraguariense.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91306793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100414
N. Sreeraman, R. Kumaravelan, Veeramalai Chinnasamy Sathish Gandhi, T. Surendiran
In the present work, the composite materials were prepared from coconut shell powder, palm kernel powder, and epoxy resin. The addition of coconut shell powder was considered when preparing the composite samples, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, impact, bending strength, physical behavior water absorption, as well as morphological tests, were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Thermogravimetric Analysis for both the prepared composite material boards and chipboard. The minimal variation of tensile stress and percentage of elongation between the 50 % coconut shell powder composite material and the wooden chipboard material is 4,44 MPa and 1,00 %, respectively, according to the findings of experimental tests.The lowest compressive stress and hardness variations between coconut shell powder composite material and wooden chipboard are found to be 0,14 MPa and 3,2 MPa, respectively. It is determined that the composite materials made from waste shell powders and epoxy resin are suitable for applications such as panel boards, automotive interior dashboards, roof sheets, and doors.
{"title":"Mechanical, thermal, and morphological behaviour studies on coconut shell and palm kernel filler biocomposite","authors":"N. Sreeraman, R. Kumaravelan, Veeramalai Chinnasamy Sathish Gandhi, T. Surendiran","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100414","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the composite materials were prepared from coconut shell powder, palm kernel powder, and epoxy resin. The addition of coconut shell powder was considered when preparing the composite samples, and mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, impact, bending strength, physical behavior water absorption, as well as morphological tests, were conducted using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, and Thermogravimetric Analysis for both the prepared composite material boards and chipboard. The minimal variation of tensile stress and percentage of elongation between the 50 % coconut shell powder composite material and the wooden chipboard material is 4,44 MPa and 1,00 %, respectively, according to the findings of experimental tests.The lowest compressive stress and hardness variations between coconut shell powder composite material and wooden chipboard are found to be 0,14 MPa and 3,2 MPa, respectively. It is determined that the composite materials made from waste shell powders and epoxy resin are suitable for applications such as panel boards, automotive interior dashboards, roof sheets, and doors.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78891235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100415
A. Jankowska, Arkadiusz Kwiatkowski
Artificial graying of wood can be solution for contemporary trends of using uncoated wood for the arrangement of external architecture. The presented work was aimed at investigation of colour changes of European oak (Quercus sp.) wood surface treated with iron (II) sulphate. Three different procedures differing in time (2 h and 24 h) and temperature (20 °C and 70 °C) were used, as well as three different concentrations of aqueous iron (II) sulphate solutions (10 %, 20 %, 30 %). Beside the colour itself, it was evaluated the stained oak wood discolouration due to natural weathering. Thanks to iron (II) sulphate, wood colour changed to dark grey. In general, the colour changes on tangential section of wood were higher than those on radial section what was result of wood structure, in particular parenchyma cells arrangement in wooden rays. Contrary to expectations, the concentration of the iron (II) sulphate solution was not of significant importance for wood staining. Usage of concentrations higher than 10 % for the modification of the colour of wood gives the same effects. However, with increasing solution used to wood staining, the colour stability of the wood decreases during external exposure. The parameters of the procedure were not significantly affected. This allows the application of the simplest and least time-consuming modification method to be considered.
{"title":"Effectiveness of European oak wood staining with iron (II) sulphate during natural weathering","authors":"A. Jankowska, Arkadiusz Kwiatkowski","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100415","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial graying of wood can be solution for contemporary trends of using uncoated wood for the arrangement of external architecture. The presented work was aimed at investigation of colour changes of European oak (Quercus sp.) wood surface treated with iron (II) sulphate. Three different procedures differing in time (2 h and 24 h) and temperature (20 °C and 70 °C) were used, as well as three different concentrations of aqueous iron (II) sulphate solutions (10 %, 20 %, 30 %). Beside the colour itself, it was evaluated the stained oak wood discolouration due to natural weathering. Thanks to iron (II) sulphate, wood colour changed to dark grey. In general, the colour changes on tangential section of wood were higher than those on radial section what was result of wood structure, in particular parenchyma cells arrangement in wooden rays. Contrary to expectations, the concentration of the iron (II) sulphate solution was not of significant importance for wood staining. Usage of concentrations higher than 10 % for the modification of the colour of wood gives the same effects. However, with increasing solution used to wood staining, the colour stability of the wood decreases during external exposure. The parameters of the procedure were not significantly affected. This allows the application of the simplest and least time-consuming modification method to be considered.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90722088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100413
Eduardo Hélio de Novais Miranda, Taiane Oliveira Guedes, Rayner Pathele Ferreira, Rodrigo Allan Pereira, Fernando Pujaico Rivera, Diogo Antonio Correa Gomes
Non-destructive techniques for characterizing materials in-service have been increasing in importance. Thus, it is relevant to assess the potential of non-destructive techniques for solid materials. This work aimed to determine the modulus of elasticity of Bertholletia excelsa wood using the particle image velocimetry technique and the ultrasound method to compare the results with the conventional methodology. For this purpose, samples of Bertholletia excelsa were made using a circular saw. The samples were evaluated for sound propagation to calculate the modulus of elasticity using ultrasound equipment. Subsequently, they were subjected to the compression parallel to grain test in a universal testing machine. The samples were marked and monitored during the loading session, with the repeated capture of images using a professional camera. The deformation values obtained were used to estimate the modulus of elasticity using the particle image velocimetry technique. The mean values of modulus of elasticity found were 17403 MPa for ultrasound, 15589 MPa for the particle image velocimetry technique, and 15333 MPa for the universal testing machine. The particle image velocimetry technique was considered to be statistically similar (Tukey α = 0,05) to the other methods tested. The linear coefficient of determination (R2) between the particle image velocimetry technique and the universal testing machine was 0,95, a high and satisfactory value. Thus, the particle image velocimetry technique and the ultrasound method are valid to estimate the modulus of elasticity of Bertholletia excelsa wood and possibly of woods with similar technological characteristics.
{"title":"Particle image velocimetry technique and ultrasound method to obtain the modulus of elasticity of Bertholletia excelsa wood","authors":"Eduardo Hélio de Novais Miranda, Taiane Oliveira Guedes, Rayner Pathele Ferreira, Rodrigo Allan Pereira, Fernando Pujaico Rivera, Diogo Antonio Correa Gomes","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100413","url":null,"abstract":"Non-destructive techniques for characterizing materials in-service have been increasing in importance. Thus, it is relevant to assess the potential of non-destructive techniques for solid materials. This work aimed to determine the modulus of elasticity of Bertholletia excelsa wood using the particle image velocimetry technique and the ultrasound method to compare the results with the conventional methodology. For this purpose, samples of Bertholletia excelsa were made using a circular saw. The samples were evaluated for sound propagation to calculate the modulus of elasticity using ultrasound equipment. Subsequently, they were subjected to the compression parallel to grain test in a universal testing machine. The samples were marked and monitored during the loading session, with the repeated capture of images using a professional camera. The deformation values obtained were used to estimate the modulus of elasticity using the particle image velocimetry technique. The mean values of modulus of elasticity found were 17403 MPa for ultrasound, 15589 MPa for the particle image velocimetry technique, and 15333 MPa for the universal testing machine. The particle image velocimetry technique was considered to be statistically similar (Tukey α = 0,05) to the other methods tested. The linear coefficient of determination (R2) between the particle image velocimetry technique and the universal testing machine was 0,95, a high and satisfactory value. Thus, the particle image velocimetry technique and the ultrasound method are valid to estimate the modulus of elasticity of Bertholletia excelsa wood and possibly of woods with similar technological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87762451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100410
Bernardette Soust-Verdaguer, Laura Moya, Carmen Llatas
Several actions have been taken in Uruguay to reduce CO2 atmospheric emissions, including modification of the energy matrix. In recent years more than 90% of electricity was produced by renewable sources, such as wind power, hydro (run-of-river) or biomass. Despite this fact, the building, construction, and transport sectors are still great responsible of the environmental impacts produced by human activities. Moreover, several studies show advances of methodologies that allow the environmental impact calculation and the definition strategies for reduction. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered one of the most transparent and rec1Universidad de Sevilla, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura, Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción, Sevilla, España. 2Universidad ORT Uruguay, Facultad de Arquitectura, Montevideo, Uruguay. ♠Corresponding author: bsoust@us.es Received: 25.01.2021 Accepted: 13.11.2021 Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 2022 (24): 10, 1-12 Universidad del Bío-Bío 2 ognized method by the international scientific community. This study aims to develop a methodology based on LCA, to calculate the environmental impacts produced by timber buildings during their life cycle. The case study verification focuses on “La Casa Uruguaya”, a social single-family timber house. The proposed methodology allows obtaining the environmental impacts of the whole life cycle, from the detailed design stages of design. Results show the relevance of the use stage (energy consumption, maintenance, repair, refur-bishment and replacement) and product stage (raw material, manufacture and transport) compared to the rest of the life cycle stages included in the study.
乌拉圭已采取若干行动减少大气中的二氧化碳排放，包括修改能源矩阵。近年来，超过90%的电力是由可再生能源生产的，如风能、水力(河流)或生物质能。尽管如此，建筑、建设和运输部门仍然对人类活动产生的环境影响负有很大责任。此外，若干研究表明，计算环境影响和确定减少战略的方法取得了进展。生命周期评估(LCA)被认为是最透明和最准确的方法之一1塞维利亚大学，Escuela t cnica Superior de Arquitectura, Instituto Universitario de Arquitectura y Ciencias de la Construcción，塞维利亚，España。2乌拉圭ORT大学，建筑学院，乌拉圭蒙得维的亚通讯作者:bsoust@us.es收稿日期:25.01.2021收稿日期:13.11.2021 Maderas。科学学报tecnología 2022 (24): 10,1 -12 Bío-Bío 2 .国际科学界的组织方法。本研究旨在发展一种基于LCA的方法，以计算木结构建筑在其生命周期中产生的环境影响。案例研究验证的重点是“La Casa Uruguaya”，这是一个社会单户木结构住宅。建议的方法允许从设计的详细设计阶段获得整个生命周期的环境影响。结果显示了使用阶段(能源消耗、维护、维修、翻新和更换)和产品阶段(原材料、制造和运输)与研究中包括的其他生命周期阶段的相关性。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100412
S. Arya, S. Chauhan
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