Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100432
Manuel Chavesta, R. Montenegro, J. Romero, Mario Tomazello-Filho, M. Carneiro, Silvana Nisgoski
In the present work, the colorimetric parameters were determined using the CIELAB system and the apparent density by X-ray densitometry in Guazuma crinita Mart. wood to obtain information of its quality in use as solid or transformed wood. The evaluation was carried out in three levels of the axial axis (base, medium, apical) of one plantation of 5 and 8 years old, in Puerto Inca, department of Huánuco, Peru. It was found that in both ages, according to CIElab system, the wood is of homogeneous coloration and is classified as greyish pink. The apparent density measured by X ray densitometry in the pith – bark direction was found to be 520 kg/m 3 and 560 kg/m 3 for 5 and 8 years, respectively; with higher values at the basal level (5 years old: 650 kg/m 3 ; 8 years old: 680 kg/m 3 ) and lower towards the apical part (5 years old: 430 kg/m 3 ; 8 years old: 470 kg/ m 3 ). The densitometric profiles showed, in general, that there is an increase in apparent density radially in the pith-bark direction. The 5-year-old wood density was more uniform than the 8-year-old one with a uniformity index of 149,7 and 170,3, respectively.
{"title":"Colorimetría y densitometría en madera de Guazuma crinita","authors":"Manuel Chavesta, R. Montenegro, J. Romero, Mario Tomazello-Filho, M. Carneiro, Silvana Nisgoski","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100432","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the colorimetric parameters were determined using the CIELAB system and the apparent density by X-ray densitometry in Guazuma crinita Mart. wood to obtain information of its quality in use as solid or transformed wood. The evaluation was carried out in three levels of the axial axis (base, medium, apical) of one plantation of 5 and 8 years old, in Puerto Inca, department of Huánuco, Peru. It was found that in both ages, according to CIElab system, the wood is of homogeneous coloration and is classified as greyish pink. The apparent density measured by X ray densitometry in the pith – bark direction was found to be 520 kg/m 3 and 560 kg/m 3 for 5 and 8 years, respectively; with higher values at the basal level (5 years old: 650 kg/m 3 ; 8 years old: 680 kg/m 3 ) and lower towards the apical part (5 years old: 430 kg/m 3 ; 8 years old: 470 kg/ m 3 ). The densitometric profiles showed, in general, that there is an increase in apparent density radially in the pith-bark direction. The 5-year-old wood density was more uniform than the 8-year-old one with a uniformity index of 149,7 and 170,3, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85789969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100433
Bowen Liu, Yunxia Zhou, H. Essawy, Qian Chen, Jiankun Liang, Xiaojian Zhou, Jun Zhang, G. Du
A renewable tannin-based resin adhesive with enhanced bonding strength, good water resistance and long storage life has been prepared based on tannin, furfural and furfuryl alcohol coming from forest and agricultural products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that furfuryl alcohol and furfural can react with tannin under acidic conditions, with the involvement of -CH 2 -O- groups in the cross-linking of tannin-furfuryl alcohol-furfural resin (TFF) adhesive. The gel time of TFF was longer than that of tannin-fur-fural resin (TF), while the shear strength of TFF-bonded plywood suggested that the cured TFF adhesive acquired a performance superior to that of tannin
以林产和农产品中的单宁、糠醛和糠醇为原料，制备了一种粘接强度高、耐水性好、贮存寿命长的可再生单宁基树脂胶粘剂。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)表明，在酸性条件下，糠醇和糠醛与单宁发生反应，- ch 2 - o -基团参与了单宁-糠醇-糠醛树脂(TFF)胶粘剂的交联反应。TFF的凝胶时间比单宁-糠醛树脂(TF)的凝胶时间长，而TFF与胶合板的剪切强度表明，固化后的TFF胶粘剂的性能优于单宁树脂
{"title":"Formaldehyde free tannin-based adhesive with epoxy as hardener for plywood","authors":"Bowen Liu, Yunxia Zhou, H. Essawy, Qian Chen, Jiankun Liang, Xiaojian Zhou, Jun Zhang, G. Du","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100433","url":null,"abstract":"A renewable tannin-based resin adhesive with enhanced bonding strength, good water resistance and long storage life has been prepared based on tannin, furfural and furfuryl alcohol coming from forest and agricultural products. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that furfuryl alcohol and furfural can react with tannin under acidic conditions, with the involvement of -CH 2 -O- groups in the cross-linking of tannin-furfuryl alcohol-furfural resin (TFF) adhesive. The gel time of TFF was longer than that of tannin-fur-fural resin (TF), while the shear strength of TFF-bonded plywood suggested that the cured TFF adhesive acquired a performance superior to that of tannin","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76052574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100428
O. Yalcin, A. Kaya
{"title":"Properties of gypsum particleboard with added mineral dolomite","authors":"O. Yalcin, A. Kaya","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79021258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100418
Juliana de Oliveira Lopes, Rosilei A. Garcia, C. B. Cáceres, R. Hernández
The effect of thermal treatment on the chemical components, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and shrinkage of teak juvenile wood was studied. Heartwood and sapwood samples were thermally-treated at 180 º C and 200 º C. Extractive, Klason lignin, holocellulose, and α -cellulose contents, as well as pH on untreated and thermally-treated woods, were determined. The EMC was reached at five relative humidity (RH) levels using saturated salt solutions: 86 % (KCl), 76 % (NaCl), 58 % (NaBr), 33 % (MgCl 2 ), and 0 % (P 2 O 5 ). Linear and volumetric shrinkages were calculated for all EMCs. The ratio of sorption (S), coefficient of shrinkage ( h ), and fiber saturation point (FSP) were also determined. Thermally-treated wood exhibited lower holocellulose and α -cellulose contents than untreated wood and increased acidity due to degradation of the hemicelluloses. The thermal treatment reduced the EMC of heartwood and sapwood. However, sapwood was more sensitive to RH variations than heartwood regardless of the treatment. Thermally-treated woods had higher hygroscopic and dimensional stabilities, and lower FSP than untreated wood. The thermal treatment did not affect radial shrinkage of the heartwood between 33 % and 86 % RH. Heartwood was more sensitive to the effect of the thermal treatment on shrinkage and degradation of cell wall polymers compared to sapwood.
{"title":"Effect of the thermal treatment on the chemical components, sorption, and shrinkage properties of Tectona grandis juvenile wood","authors":"Juliana de Oliveira Lopes, Rosilei A. Garcia, C. B. Cáceres, R. Hernández","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100418","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of thermal treatment on the chemical components, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and shrinkage of teak juvenile wood was studied. Heartwood and sapwood samples were thermally-treated at 180 º C and 200 º C. Extractive, Klason lignin, holocellulose, and α -cellulose contents, as well as pH on untreated and thermally-treated woods, were determined. The EMC was reached at five relative humidity (RH) levels using saturated salt solutions: 86 % (KCl), 76 % (NaCl), 58 % (NaBr), 33 % (MgCl 2 ), and 0 % (P 2 O 5 ). Linear and volumetric shrinkages were calculated for all EMCs. The ratio of sorption (S), coefficient of shrinkage ( h ), and fiber saturation point (FSP) were also determined. Thermally-treated wood exhibited lower holocellulose and α -cellulose contents than untreated wood and increased acidity due to degradation of the hemicelluloses. The thermal treatment reduced the EMC of heartwood and sapwood. However, sapwood was more sensitive to RH variations than heartwood regardless of the treatment. Thermally-treated woods had higher hygroscopic and dimensional stabilities, and lower FSP than untreated wood. The thermal treatment did not affect radial shrinkage of the heartwood between 33 % and 86 % RH. Heartwood was more sensitive to the effect of the thermal treatment on shrinkage and degradation of cell wall polymers compared to sapwood.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87447934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100426
Karen Gabriela Moreno, E. Spavento, S. Monteoliva
{"title":"Evolución del color y de la aparición de defectos en la madera de Eucalyptus globulus expuesta a intemperismo natural","authors":"Karen Gabriela Moreno, E. Spavento, S. Monteoliva","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89707486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100422
B. Esteves, Umit Ayata, L. Cruz-Lopes, I. Brás, J. Ferreira, I. Domingos
Chemical composition of wood is known to change during thermal treatments. Two species grown in Turkey, afrormosia ( Pericopsis elata ) and duka ( Tapirira guianensis ) were heat treated according to Thermowood® method. Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives in dichloromethane, ethanol and water were determined. Wood extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with mass detection and existing compounds were identified by NIST17 database. Results show that hemicelluloses and cellulose content decreased for both heat-treated woods along the treatment while lignin percentage increased. The analysis of extractives has shown several compounds normally associated to lignin thermal degradation that increased along the treatment. At the same time several compounds associated to carbohydrate thermal degradation were found in all the extracts for both heat-treated woods. These founding have allowed the understanding of the degradation pattern of wood during thermal modification. There was not much difference between afrormosia and duka woods structural compounds behaviour along thermal modification. However, the variation of the amount of extractives along the treatment depended on the species. due to water and ethanol extractives. While the extractives increased along the treatment for afrormosia, in duka wood there was an initial increase followed by a decrease with the increase of heating time, which was probably due to the high amount of initial ethanol extractives in duka wood that are degraded along the treatment. The new formed compounds that increased along the thermal modification found in dichloromethane extract are vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanilic acid and syringic acid. For the most severe treatment (2 h), coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde and acetovanillone were also detected. All these compounds have been associated to lignin heat degradation showing that although the percentage increases, there is still some lignin thermal degradation. The compounds identified as resulting from lignin degradation in dichloromethane extracts still represent a significant amount in ethanol extracts of both heat-treated woods. Additionally, several other compounds like hydroxy acids, deoxy-pentonic acids, deoxy-hexonic acids γ-lactone and levoglucosan were found in ethanol extract. On heat-treated duka some carbohydrates were also found. All these compounds have been associated to C5 and C6 carbohydrate thermal decomposition. The results have contributed to the understanding of the chemical degradation path of modified wood by monitoring extractive content transfor mations and have shown the importance of optimizing the treatment for each wood species in order to make the best utilization of this material.
{"title":"Changes in the content and composition of the extractives in thermally modified tropical hardwoods","authors":"B. Esteves, Umit Ayata, L. Cruz-Lopes, I. Brás, J. Ferreira, I. Domingos","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100422","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical composition of wood is known to change during thermal treatments. Two species grown in Turkey, afrormosia ( Pericopsis elata ) and duka ( Tapirira guianensis ) were heat treated according to Thermowood® method. Lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives in dichloromethane, ethanol and water were determined. Wood extracts were analysed by gas chromatography with mass detection and existing compounds were identified by NIST17 database. Results show that hemicelluloses and cellulose content decreased for both heat-treated woods along the treatment while lignin percentage increased. The analysis of extractives has shown several compounds normally associated to lignin thermal degradation that increased along the treatment. At the same time several compounds associated to carbohydrate thermal degradation were found in all the extracts for both heat-treated woods. These founding have allowed the understanding of the degradation pattern of wood during thermal modification. There was not much difference between afrormosia and duka woods structural compounds behaviour along thermal modification. However, the variation of the amount of extractives along the treatment depended on the species. due to water and ethanol extractives. While the extractives increased along the treatment for afrormosia, in duka wood there was an initial increase followed by a decrease with the increase of heating time, which was probably due to the high amount of initial ethanol extractives in duka wood that are degraded along the treatment. The new formed compounds that increased along the thermal modification found in dichloromethane extract are vanillin, syringaldehyde, vanilic acid and syringic acid. For the most severe treatment (2 h), coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde and acetovanillone were also detected. All these compounds have been associated to lignin heat degradation showing that although the percentage increases, there is still some lignin thermal degradation. The compounds identified as resulting from lignin degradation in dichloromethane extracts still represent a significant amount in ethanol extracts of both heat-treated woods. Additionally, several other compounds like hydroxy acids, deoxy-pentonic acids, deoxy-hexonic acids γ-lactone and levoglucosan were found in ethanol extract. On heat-treated duka some carbohydrates were also found. All these compounds have been associated to C5 and C6 carbohydrate thermal decomposition. The results have contributed to the understanding of the chemical degradation path of modified wood by monitoring extractive content transfor mations and have shown the importance of optimizing the treatment for each wood species in order to make the best utilization of this material.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72650041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100420
Samet Demirel, Ruveyda Sen Er
This study investigated how the mechanical properties of L-shape joints produced from heat treated Scotch pine or ash wood behaved under cyclic fatigue loading and compared this with the mechanical properties of non-heat treated wood materials. Additionally, static bending performances of the L-shape of joints were investigated and compared to fatigue bending performance of same type of joints. Results indicated that increasing number of staple from 6 to 8 and density generally increased static bending of L-shape joints. Static bending resistance of L-shape joints produced from control Ash wood significantly higher than those of L-shape joints produced from heat treated Ash wood while no significant difference were observed between static bending resistance L-shape joints produced from control Scotch pine and L-shape joints produced from heat treated Scotch pine wood. The fatigue bending resistances of L-shape joints produced from heat treated samples generally passed and failed the same loading steps with those produced from control samples which means both L-shape joints could be used in same service area. L-shape joints under static and fatigue loadings mostly indicated staple leg shear mode. The one under fatigue loading was more than the one under static loading. Additionally, some joints under fatigue loading indicated staple rupture. The overall ratio of static bending loading to cyclic fatigue bending loading for L-shape joints was obtained as 2.85.
{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of control and heat treated L-shape furniture joints produced from Scotch pine and ash wood under static bending and cyclic fatigue bending loadings","authors":"Samet Demirel, Ruveyda Sen Er","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100420","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how the mechanical properties of L-shape joints produced from heat treated Scotch pine or ash wood behaved under cyclic fatigue loading and compared this with the mechanical properties of non-heat treated wood materials. Additionally, static bending performances of the L-shape of joints were investigated and compared to fatigue bending performance of same type of joints. Results indicated that increasing number of staple from 6 to 8 and density generally increased static bending of L-shape joints. Static bending resistance of L-shape joints produced from control Ash wood significantly higher than those of L-shape joints produced from heat treated Ash wood while no significant difference were observed between static bending resistance L-shape joints produced from control Scotch pine and L-shape joints produced from heat treated Scotch pine wood. The fatigue bending resistances of L-shape joints produced from heat treated samples generally passed and failed the same loading steps with those produced from control samples which means both L-shape joints could be used in same service area. L-shape joints under static and fatigue loadings mostly indicated staple leg shear mode. The one under fatigue loading was more than the one under static loading. Additionally, some joints under fatigue loading indicated staple rupture. The overall ratio of static bending loading to cyclic fatigue bending loading for L-shape joints was obtained as 2.85.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80045576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100427
Davut Bakir, S. Kartal, E. Terzi, A. Doğu
Since the treatability of Oriental spruce wood (Picea orientalis) with preservative solutions is difficult and considered as a refractory wood species, this study was intended to bring its treatability class by a bioincising process to the level of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), a desirable wood species for the forest products industry. Bioincising process by Physisporinus vitreus fungus was applied to wood samples from sapwood and heartwood portions of spruce wood. The samples with two different weight loss groups (5-10 % and 10-15 %) in the bioincising process were used to detect changes in treatability with wood preservative solutions caused by the fungus. The bioincised and unincised control samples were treated with either micronized copper quat (MCQ) or alkaline copper quat type D (ACQ-D) wood preservative solutions by either dipping or vacuum methods. Following impregnation with the preservative solutions, the effects of the bioincising process on CuO (copper oxide) retention, and the leaching of Cu (copper) element were determined. The results showed that CuO retention levels increased after the bioincising process. Moreover, there was greater CuO retention in the spruce heartwood samples compared to the spruce and Scots pine sapwood samples. Amount of Cu element released from the Scots pine sapwood samples was found to be lower than that from the spruce sapwood and heartwood samples after the bioincising. process. The results suggest that the bioincising process by P. vitreus in refractory wood species might improve the treatability of wood by Cu-based wood preservatives.
{"title":"The effects of bioincising by Physisporinus vitreus on cuo retention and copper element leaching in oriental spruce wood","authors":"Davut Bakir, S. Kartal, E. Terzi, A. Doğu","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100427","url":null,"abstract":"Since the treatability of Oriental spruce wood (Picea orientalis) with preservative solutions is difficult and considered as a refractory wood species, this study was intended to bring its treatability class by a bioincising process to the level of sapwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), a desirable wood species for the forest products industry. Bioincising process by Physisporinus vitreus fungus was applied to wood samples from sapwood and heartwood portions of spruce wood. The samples with two different weight loss groups (5-10 % and 10-15 %) in the bioincising process were used to detect changes in treatability with wood preservative solutions caused by the fungus. The bioincised and unincised control samples were treated with either micronized copper quat (MCQ) or alkaline copper quat type D (ACQ-D) wood preservative solutions by either dipping or vacuum methods. Following impregnation with the preservative solutions, the effects of the bioincising process on CuO (copper oxide) retention, and the leaching of Cu (copper) element were determined. The results showed that CuO retention levels increased after the bioincising process. Moreover, there was greater CuO retention in the spruce heartwood samples compared to the spruce and Scots pine sapwood samples. Amount of Cu element released from the Scots pine sapwood samples was found to be lower than that from the spruce sapwood and heartwood samples after the bioincising. process. The results suggest that the bioincising process by P. vitreus in refractory wood species might improve the treatability of wood by Cu-based wood preservatives.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78089419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100421
José Yony Cricel Sima Sánchez, José Tarcísio Lima, J. R. Moreira da Silva, B. C. Soares
The quantitative evaluation of longitudinal drying strain can provide relevant information for the processing wood and lumber industry, especially with regard to reaction wood in Corymbia , since little has been published. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the steam conditioning and the cooling on the longitudinal drying strain ( LDS ) obtained from a strain gauge, called extensometer, in boards of both normal and tension wood of Corymbia citriodora . Lumbers 30 mm thick were produced and kiln dried at the initial temperature of 40°C, final temperature of 65°C and drying potential of 2,1. The LDS were measured before and after steam conditioning on hot and cold lumbers. It was observed that the conditioning did not reduce the LDS . Hot lumbers showed higher LDS values than the cold lumbers. The LDS values measured in normal, tension and opposite woods were statistically similar, indicating that the type of wood was not an influential factor in the appearance of longitudinal drying stresses. Extensometer proved to be feasible for measuring LDS , allowing its easy and quick quantification.
{"title":"Application of a strain gauge to assess drying stresses in normal and tension wood of Corymbia citriodora","authors":"José Yony Cricel Sima Sánchez, José Tarcísio Lima, J. R. Moreira da Silva, B. C. Soares","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100421","url":null,"abstract":"The quantitative evaluation of longitudinal drying strain can provide relevant information for the processing wood and lumber industry, especially with regard to reaction wood in Corymbia , since little has been published. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the steam conditioning and the cooling on the longitudinal drying strain ( LDS ) obtained from a strain gauge, called extensometer, in boards of both normal and tension wood of Corymbia citriodora . Lumbers 30 mm thick were produced and kiln dried at the initial temperature of 40°C, final temperature of 65°C and drying potential of 2,1. The LDS were measured before and after steam conditioning on hot and cold lumbers. It was observed that the conditioning did not reduce the LDS . Hot lumbers showed higher LDS values than the cold lumbers. The LDS values measured in normal, tension and opposite woods were statistically similar, indicating that the type of wood was not an influential factor in the appearance of longitudinal drying stresses. Extensometer proved to be feasible for measuring LDS , allowing its easy and quick quantification.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89595750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100424
Ayşenur Gürgen, Başak Atilgan, S. Yıldız, O. Gönültaş, Sami Imamoğlu
In this study, the extraction parameters of Pinus brutia bark were optimized using a hybrid artificial in telligence technique. Firstly, the bark samples were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction and micro -wave-assisted extraction which are defined as ‘green’ extraction methods at different conditions. The selected extraction parameters for ultrasound-assisted extraction were 0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 80:20 (%) ethanol: water ratios; 40 ºC, 60 °C extraction temperatures and 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min extraction times and for mi -crowave-assisted extraction were 90, 180, 360, 600, 900 (W) microwave power, 0:100; 20:80; 40:60; 60:40; 80:20 (%) ethanol: water ratios. Then Stiasny number, condensed tannin content and reducing sugar content of all extracts were determined. Next, the prediction models were developed for each studied parameter using Artificial Neural Network. Finally, the extraction parameters were optimized using Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm. After that optimization process, while the extraction time was the same (5 min), the ethanol: water ratio and extraction temperature values differed for the optimization of all studied assays of ultrasound-assisted extraction. Also, microwave power and ethanol: water ratio variables were found in different values for each assay of microwave-assisted extraction. The results showed that the Artificial Neural Network and Moth-Flame Optimization could be a novel and powerful hybrid approach to optimize the extraction parameters of Pinus brutia barks with saving time, cost, chemical and effort. Developing prediction model for UAE extraction parameters of Pinus brutia bark using ANN Developing prediction model for MAE extraction parameters of Pinus brutia bark using ANN Optimization of UAE extraction parameters of Pinus brutia bark using MFO algorithm Optimization of MAE extraction parameters of Pinus brutia bark using MFO algorithm
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