Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100437
Jeong-Joo Oh, Y. Choi, Min-Ji Kim, Gyu-Hyeok Kim
This study evaluated the natural durability of seven imported hardwoods Bangkirai ( Shorea laevis ), Burckella ( Burckella .), Ipe ( Handroanthus .), Jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata .), Kempas ( Koompassia malaccensi ), Malas ( Homalium foetidum ) and Merbau ( Instia ) used for deck boards against decay fungi ( Fomitopsis palustris , Gloeophyllum trabeum , Trametes versicolor , and Irpex lacteus ) and the subterranean termite ( Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis ) in accelerated laboratory tests. Ipe, Jarrah, and Merbau were very durable to fungal attack, with performance comparable to ACQ-treated wood. Bangkirai, Burckella, Kem-pas, and Malas were classified as durable or moderately durable, depending on the fungal species tested. All wood species except for Merbau were highly resistant to termite attack. Termite resistance was similar to ACQ-treated wood. Merbau showed somewhat less than all other species but still significant termite resis - tance. These results indicated that selected naturally durable hardwood species could inhibit fungal and termite attacks as effectively as ACQ treatment. The natural durability of wood species tested in this study is most likely due to the biocidal extractive content of the
{"title":"Natural durability of some hardwoods imported into Korea for deck boards against decay fungi and subterranean termite in accelerated laboratory tests","authors":"Jeong-Joo Oh, Y. Choi, Min-Ji Kim, Gyu-Hyeok Kim","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100437","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the natural durability of seven imported hardwoods Bangkirai ( Shorea laevis ), Burckella ( Burckella .), Ipe ( Handroanthus .), Jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata .), Kempas ( Koompassia malaccensi ), Malas ( Homalium foetidum ) and Merbau ( Instia ) used for deck boards against decay fungi ( Fomitopsis palustris , Gloeophyllum trabeum , Trametes versicolor , and Irpex lacteus ) and the subterranean termite ( Reticulitermes speratus kyushuensis ) in accelerated laboratory tests. Ipe, Jarrah, and Merbau were very durable to fungal attack, with performance comparable to ACQ-treated wood. Bangkirai, Burckella, Kem-pas, and Malas were classified as durable or moderately durable, depending on the fungal species tested. All wood species except for Merbau were highly resistant to termite attack. Termite resistance was similar to ACQ-treated wood. Merbau showed somewhat less than all other species but still significant termite resis - tance. These results indicated that selected naturally durable hardwood species could inhibit fungal and termite attacks as effectively as ACQ treatment. The natural durability of wood species tested in this study is most likely due to the biocidal extractive content of the","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"260 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75764688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100434
Semiha Yılmazer, U. Aras, H. Kalaycioğlu, A. Temiz
In this study, the purpose was to improve outdoor performance of cement bonded wood composite due to their biodegradation and sensitivity to moisture especially in warm and humid climates. Cement bonded wood composites were treated with different concentrations (10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) of water repe - llent. Water repellent used was an organo-silicon based, nano-sized, eco-friendly, water-based agents. Dipping and pressure systems were applied for composite treatment. Water absorption, thickness swelling, accelerated weathering, color changes and mechanical properties after accelerated weathering were determined for treated and untreated cement-bonded composites. Results showed that treatment of composites with water repellent provided a transparent layer on composite surface. Thus, lower water absorption and thickness swelling results in the beginning of immersion in water. Treated and untreated composites were exposed to an accelerated weathering test for 350 h. Their mechanical strength including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding properties were decreased after 350 h of weathering. However, overall results after weathe-ring test showed that all panels’ mechanical properties provided minimum modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding requirements of the EN standards.
{"title":"Water absorption, thickness swelling and mechanical properties of cement bonded wood composite treated with water repellent","authors":"Semiha Yılmazer, U. Aras, H. Kalaycioğlu, A. Temiz","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100434","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the purpose was to improve outdoor performance of cement bonded wood composite due to their biodegradation and sensitivity to moisture especially in warm and humid climates. Cement bonded wood composites were treated with different concentrations (10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) of water repe - llent. Water repellent used was an organo-silicon based, nano-sized, eco-friendly, water-based agents. Dipping and pressure systems were applied for composite treatment. Water absorption, thickness swelling, accelerated weathering, color changes and mechanical properties after accelerated weathering were determined for treated and untreated cement-bonded composites. Results showed that treatment of composites with water repellent provided a transparent layer on composite surface. Thus, lower water absorption and thickness swelling results in the beginning of immersion in water. Treated and untreated composites were exposed to an accelerated weathering test for 350 h. Their mechanical strength including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding properties were decreased after 350 h of weathering. However, overall results after weathe-ring test showed that all panels’ mechanical properties provided minimum modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding requirements of the EN standards.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90898758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100436
Cynthia Urra-González, Mario Ramos-Maldonado
38 Because of the impact on productivity and cost reduction, decision making in industrial processes is one of 39 the most required aspects in the industry. Specifically in the panel industries, product quality depends on 40 multiple variables, especially wood variability. Among other factors, quality depends on the adhesion of 41 veneers or perpendicular tensile strength. The main objective of this study was to evaluate a Machine 42 Learning approach to predict the adhesion under industrial conditions in the gluing and pre-pressing stage. 43 The control variables that determine this adhesion are mainly: operational times, amount of adhesive, 44 environmental conditions, and veneer temperature. Using Knowledge Discovery in Databases data analytics 45 methodology, Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine were evaluated. Sigmoid activation 46 function was used with 3 hidden layers and 245 neurons. In addition to the Adam optimizer, Multi-Layer 47 Perceptron, Artificial Neural Networks delivered the best accuracy levels of over 66 %. Best result with Relu 48 and Sigmoid functions were obtained. Sigmoid showed accuracy over 66 %, precision fit good to find 49 positive results (70 %). Relu function obtained the best recall (over 74 %) showing a good capacity to identify 50 reality. Results show that it is not sufficient to generate a data set using the averages of each process variable, 51 since it is difficult to obtain better results with the algorithms evaluated. This work contributes to defining a 52 methodology to be used in plywood plants using industrial data to train and validate Machine Learning 53 models. 54
{"title":"Un enfoque de machine learning para la predicción de la calidad de tableros contrachapados","authors":"Cynthia Urra-González, Mario Ramos-Maldonado","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100436","url":null,"abstract":"38 Because of the impact on productivity and cost reduction, decision making in industrial processes is one of 39 the most required aspects in the industry. Specifically in the panel industries, product quality depends on 40 multiple variables, especially wood variability. Among other factors, quality depends on the adhesion of 41 veneers or perpendicular tensile strength. The main objective of this study was to evaluate a Machine 42 Learning approach to predict the adhesion under industrial conditions in the gluing and pre-pressing stage. 43 The control variables that determine this adhesion are mainly: operational times, amount of adhesive, 44 environmental conditions, and veneer temperature. Using Knowledge Discovery in Databases data analytics 45 methodology, Artificial Neural Networks and Support Vector Machine were evaluated. Sigmoid activation 46 function was used with 3 hidden layers and 245 neurons. In addition to the Adam optimizer, Multi-Layer 47 Perceptron, Artificial Neural Networks delivered the best accuracy levels of over 66 %. Best result with Relu 48 and Sigmoid functions were obtained. Sigmoid showed accuracy over 66 %, precision fit good to find 49 positive results (70 %). Relu function obtained the best recall (over 74 %) showing a good capacity to identify 50 reality. Results show that it is not sufficient to generate a data set using the averages of each process variable, 51 since it is difficult to obtain better results with the algorithms evaluated. This work contributes to defining a 52 methodology to be used in plywood plants using industrial data to train and validate Machine Learning 53 models. 54","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82850867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100432
Eduardo Miranda, Diogo Antonio Correa Gomes, Ana Carolina Corrêa Furtini, Denisse Concepción Vega Villarruel, C. A. Santos, L. Mendes, J. B. Guimarães Júnior
This work aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of Pinus oocarpa wood agglomerated panels produced with different levels (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) of wood replacement with bean residues. For this purpose, Pinus oocarpa wood and the agricultural residue were reduced into particles and their properties of apparent density, extractives, lignin and ash content of these raw materials were determined. Then, the particles were dried to a 3 % humidity and granulometrically selected to produce panels with a den - sity of 0,60 g/cm 3 . These particles were bonded using 12 % urea-formaldehyde adhesive, pressed, following normative dimensions (250 mm x 250 mm x 15 mm (width, length, and thickness)), and kept in a climate-con - trolled environment (20 ºC ± 2 ºC and 65 % ± 5 % RH) until the physical and mechanical tests were carried out. The research results indicated that the particles from bean residues in comparison with Pinus oocarpa wood, presented low density, lignin and holocellulose values, and higher extractives data. Furthermore, regarding the characterization of the panels, there was a trend towards uniformity in the apparent density values, an increase in the properties of compact ratio, water absorption and thickness swelling, and a decrease in their mechanical properties associated with the increase in the by-product addition to the panels. Therefore, new studies are necessary, seeking a larger study and greater knowledge of the addition effects of bean residues in particulate panels, aiming the dissemination of this sustainable process on large scale.
这项工作旨在评估不同水平(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)的大豆残留物木材替代生产的松木胶合板的物理力学性能。为此，将松木和农用残渣还原成颗粒，并测定了这些原料的表观密度、萃取物、木质素和灰分含量等特性。然后，将颗粒干燥到3%的湿度，并按粒度选择生产密度为0.60 g/ cm3的面板。这些颗粒使用12%脲醛粘合剂粘合，按标准尺寸(250 mm x 250 mm x 15 mm(宽度，长度和厚度))压制，并在气候控制的环境中保存(20ºC±2ºC和65%±5% RH)，直到进行物理和机械测试。研究结果表明，与松木相比，豆渣颗粒具有密度低、木质素和纤维素含量低、提取率高的特点。此外，在表征方面，随着副产物添加量的增加，面板的表观密度值趋于均匀，压实比、吸水率和厚度膨胀性能增加，其力学性能下降。因此，有必要进行新的研究，寻求更大规模的研究和更深入的了解豆类残留物在颗粒板中的添加效应，旨在大规模推广这一可持续过程。
{"title":"Evaluation of bean residues in the production of agglomerated panels","authors":"Eduardo Miranda, Diogo Antonio Correa Gomes, Ana Carolina Corrêa Furtini, Denisse Concepción Vega Villarruel, C. A. Santos, L. Mendes, J. B. Guimarães Júnior","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100432","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to evaluate the physical-mechanical properties of Pinus oocarpa wood agglomerated panels produced with different levels (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) of wood replacement with bean residues. For this purpose, Pinus oocarpa wood and the agricultural residue were reduced into particles and their properties of apparent density, extractives, lignin and ash content of these raw materials were determined. Then, the particles were dried to a 3 % humidity and granulometrically selected to produce panels with a den - sity of 0,60 g/cm 3 . These particles were bonded using 12 % urea-formaldehyde adhesive, pressed, following normative dimensions (250 mm x 250 mm x 15 mm (width, length, and thickness)), and kept in a climate-con - trolled environment (20 ºC ± 2 ºC and 65 % ± 5 % RH) until the physical and mechanical tests were carried out. The research results indicated that the particles from bean residues in comparison with Pinus oocarpa wood, presented low density, lignin and holocellulose values, and higher extractives data. Furthermore, regarding the characterization of the panels, there was a trend towards uniformity in the apparent density values, an increase in the properties of compact ratio, water absorption and thickness swelling, and a decrease in their mechanical properties associated with the increase in the by-product addition to the panels. Therefore, new studies are necessary, seeking a larger study and greater knowledge of the addition effects of bean residues in particulate panels, aiming the dissemination of this sustainable process on large scale.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79218449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100435
S. Boiko, M. Netsvetov, V. Radchenko
Enzymatic hydrolysis is an environmentally friendly technology to produce sugars from pretreated biomass. Here, we show that the new Il-11 Irpex lacteus strain can synthesize cellulases in a high quantity. The peptone and filter paper contained in the medium significantly enhanced activity of endo-1,4-β -D-glucanases (app. 50 IU/mL) and total cellulases (app. 9 IU/mL), whereas the medium with peptone and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose stimulated activity of exo-1,4-β -D-glucanases (33 IU/mL). The expression of cellulases reached its maximum within 96–144 hours, and the optimum pH is 3,7. Thermal treatment at 30 °C for 60 minutes activated endo-1,4-β-D-glucanases and total cellulases, while exo-1,4-β -D-glucanases activity was enhanced following 40 °C treatment. In total, the cellulases complex (300 IU/g) saccharified untreated cellulose by 38 % in 48 hours. Concentrate with filter paper activity 100 IU/g is the more balanced enzyme-substrate ratio (2 %), which allows prolonging the saccharification process that will have a positive effect on the cost of the final product.
酶水解是一种从预处理生物质中生产糖的环保技术。在此，我们证明了新的Il-11 Irpex乳酸菌株可以大量合成纤维素酶。培养基中添加蛋白胨和滤纸显著提高了内切-1,4-β - d -葡聚糖酶活性(app. 50 IU/mL)和总纤维素酶活性(app. 9 IU/mL)，而添加蛋白胨和羧甲基纤维素钠的培养基对外切-1,4-β - d -葡聚糖酶活性(app. 33 IU/mL)有刺激作用。纤维素酶在96 ~ 144 h内表达量最大，最适pH为3.7。30℃热处理60分钟可激活内切-1,4-β- d -葡聚糖酶和总纤维素酶，而40℃热处理后外切-1,4-β- d -葡聚糖酶活性增强。总的来说，纤维素酶复合物(300 IU/g)在48小时内使未经处理的纤维素糖化38%。滤纸活性为100 IU/g的浓缩物是更平衡的酶-底物比(2%)，这允许延长糖化过程，这将对最终产品的成本产生积极影响。
{"title":"Cellulose biosaccharification by Irpex lacteus wood decay fungus","authors":"S. Boiko, M. Netsvetov, V. Radchenko","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100435","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic hydrolysis is an environmentally friendly technology to produce sugars from pretreated biomass. Here, we show that the new Il-11 Irpex lacteus strain can synthesize cellulases in a high quantity. The peptone and filter paper contained in the medium significantly enhanced activity of endo-1,4-β -D-glucanases (app. 50 IU/mL) and total cellulases (app. 9 IU/mL), whereas the medium with peptone and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose stimulated activity of exo-1,4-β -D-glucanases (33 IU/mL). The expression of cellulases reached its maximum within 96–144 hours, and the optimum pH is 3,7. Thermal treatment at 30 °C for 60 minutes activated endo-1,4-β-D-glucanases and total cellulases, while exo-1,4-β -D-glucanases activity was enhanced following 40 °C treatment. In total, the cellulases complex (300 IU/g) saccharified untreated cellulose by 38 % in 48 hours. Concentrate with filter paper activity 100 IU/g is the more balanced enzyme-substrate ratio (2 %), which allows prolonging the saccharification process that will have a positive effect on the cost of the final product.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89604576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100433
C. Açık
In recent years, laser material processing technology has become quite widespread. The quality of laser processing of wood materials is very important in terms of not causing secondary processes in the production process. In this study, computerized numerical control laser cutting qualities of some wood species that are frequently used in industrial product manufacturing were investigated. In the study, 80 % irradiation and 10 mm/ sec laser cutting speed were applied to the test samples in a computerized numerical control laser machine with a 130 W carbon dioxide gas cylinder. In the case of laser cutting of 5 different wood species in the direction vertical to and parallel to the fibers, the average of the upper and lower kerf width, the difference in the width of the upper and lower kerf, the average of the width of the heat-affected zone, the width of the heat-affected zone were evaluated. In line with the findings, the effects of wood species differences on laser cutting quality in terms of material consumption, precision machining, and smoothness of cutting geometry were investigated. As a result, the highest quality cutting values were obtained from the laser cutting of the bamboo massif in terms of wood species, in the direction vertical to the fibers of the wood materials.
{"title":"Research of computerized numerical control laser processing qualities of some wood species used ın the furniture industry","authors":"C. Açık","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100433","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, laser material processing technology has become quite widespread. The quality of laser processing of wood materials is very important in terms of not causing secondary processes in the production process. In this study, computerized numerical control laser cutting qualities of some wood species that are frequently used in industrial product manufacturing were investigated. In the study, 80 % irradiation and 10 mm/ sec laser cutting speed were applied to the test samples in a computerized numerical control laser machine with a 130 W carbon dioxide gas cylinder. In the case of laser cutting of 5 different wood species in the direction vertical to and parallel to the fibers, the average of the upper and lower kerf width, the difference in the width of the upper and lower kerf, the average of the width of the heat-affected zone, the width of the heat-affected zone were evaluated. In line with the findings, the effects of wood species differences on laser cutting quality in terms of material consumption, precision machining, and smoothness of cutting geometry were investigated. As a result, the highest quality cutting values were obtained from the laser cutting of the bamboo massif in terms of wood species, in the direction vertical to the fibers of the wood materials.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78094858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100427
Mustafa Tosun, S. Sofuoglu
The main objective of this study is to determine optimum cutting parameters in order to specify the effect of densification by compressing on the processing properties of solid wood material and to achieve the best surface quality in materials densified at different rates. In line with this goal, the widely grown and low-density black poplar ( Populus nigra ) tree species were selected as the experimental material. Samples, which were compressed and densified by Thermo-Mechanical method at 0 %, 20 % and 40 % ratios, were processed at 1000 mm/min, 1500 mm/min and 2000 mm/min feed speeds and in 12000 rpm, 15000 rpm, 18000 rpm rotation speed on a computer numerical control machine by using two different cutters. Surface roughness values ( Ra and Rz ) were measured in order to evaluate surfaces obtained. Smoother surfaces were obtained in computer numerical control machining of densified samples. The lowest surface roughness values occurred in 40 % densified samples, which were the densest. The lowest surface roughness was obtained when 40 % densified samples were processed with cutter no.1 (two-flutes straight end mill), at 1000 mm/min feed speed and at 18000 rpm. Ra and Rz roughness values increased with the increase of the feed rate.
{"title":"Determination of processing characteristics of wood materials densified by compressing","authors":"Mustafa Tosun, S. Sofuoglu","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100427","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to determine optimum cutting parameters in order to specify the effect of densification by compressing on the processing properties of solid wood material and to achieve the best surface quality in materials densified at different rates. In line with this goal, the widely grown and low-density black poplar ( Populus nigra ) tree species were selected as the experimental material. Samples, which were compressed and densified by Thermo-Mechanical method at 0 %, 20 % and 40 % ratios, were processed at 1000 mm/min, 1500 mm/min and 2000 mm/min feed speeds and in 12000 rpm, 15000 rpm, 18000 rpm rotation speed on a computer numerical control machine by using two different cutters. Surface roughness values ( Ra and Rz ) were measured in order to evaluate surfaces obtained. Smoother surfaces were obtained in computer numerical control machining of densified samples. The lowest surface roughness values occurred in 40 % densified samples, which were the densest. The lowest surface roughness was obtained when 40 % densified samples were processed with cutter no.1 (two-flutes straight end mill), at 1000 mm/min feed speed and at 18000 rpm. Ra and Rz roughness values increased with the increase of the feed rate.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78246858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100430
T. Monteiro, Carlos Alberto Araújo, Jean Henrique dos Santos, Thiago Cardoso Silva, T. D. Nascimento, J. Conti, J. L. Matos, R. J. Klitzke, M. Pereira da Rocha
Eucalyptus planted forests contribute to maximizing lumber production but problems such as longitudinal growth strain can negatively influence the quality of the products. Knowing dendrometric variables and wood properties can help in the prediction of longitudinal growth strain, mainly with the help of artificial intelli - gence. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks to predict longitudinal growth strain in Eucalyptus trees based on dendrometric variables, spacing between trees and wood density. The longitudinal growth strain was measured in trees of four Eucalyptus clones planted in three spacings. The diameter and height of each tree were measured. The basic wood density was determined. Artificial neural
{"title":"Artificial intelligence to growth stresses predicting in Eucalyptus clones using dendrometric variables and wood density","authors":"T. Monteiro, Carlos Alberto Araújo, Jean Henrique dos Santos, Thiago Cardoso Silva, T. D. Nascimento, J. Conti, J. L. Matos, R. J. Klitzke, M. Pereira da Rocha","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100430","url":null,"abstract":"Eucalyptus planted forests contribute to maximizing lumber production but problems such as longitudinal growth strain can negatively influence the quality of the products. Knowing dendrometric variables and wood properties can help in the prediction of longitudinal growth strain, mainly with the help of artificial intelli - gence. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks to predict longitudinal growth strain in Eucalyptus trees based on dendrometric variables, spacing between trees and wood density. The longitudinal growth strain was measured in trees of four Eucalyptus clones planted in three spacings. The diameter and height of each tree were measured. The basic wood density was determined. Artificial neural","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74795165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100419
O. Mišíková, Barbora Slováčková
Development of new materials puts a great emphasis on saving production costs, energy, decreasing the amount and number of chemicals used during the manufacturing process. Bio-based materials can be ecologically produced and recycled after their lifespan, which saves the environment. The recent interest in bio-based materials led to the objective of this work. In this article, the structure of spruce wood ( Picea abies ) biodegraded by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum was studied. Structure of the wood was observed macroscopically and microscopically. Classic and unusual stain combinations were used in this work. Ethanol was intentionally omitted in the process of making permanent mounts. It was done to preserve the coherence of the decayed microsections and to keep small fragments from being rinsed away. Results of the observations suggest that spruce wood decayed by these fungi could be used as an insulation material. Wood decaying fungi decrease the density of wood and increase its porosity. A low density and high porosity are important properties for insulation materials. According to the results, spruce wood decayed by Trametes versicolor would be more suitable to be used as an insulating material.
{"title":"Comparing the structure of spruce wood biodegraded by Trametes versicolor and Gloeophyllum trabeum and further utilization of this material","authors":"O. Mišíková, Barbora Slováčková","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100419","url":null,"abstract":"Development of new materials puts a great emphasis on saving production costs, energy, decreasing the amount and number of chemicals used during the manufacturing process. Bio-based materials can be ecologically produced and recycled after their lifespan, which saves the environment. The recent interest in bio-based materials led to the objective of this work. In this article, the structure of spruce wood ( Picea abies ) biodegraded by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum was studied. Structure of the wood was observed macroscopically and microscopically. Classic and unusual stain combinations were used in this work. Ethanol was intentionally omitted in the process of making permanent mounts. It was done to preserve the coherence of the decayed microsections and to keep small fragments from being rinsed away. Results of the observations suggest that spruce wood decayed by these fungi could be used as an insulation material. Wood decaying fungi decrease the density of wood and increase its porosity. A low density and high porosity are important properties for insulation materials. According to the results, spruce wood decayed by Trametes versicolor would be more suitable to be used as an insulating material.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83952993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100423
M. Sun, Chen Zhao, Youming Yu
Conservation of historic timber structures is of great importance for cultural inheritance and community identity promotion. However, most of the current methods available for ancient architecture protection significantly affect their original appearance and aesthetic value and finding wood elements that are similar to the ones in existing historic timber structures is not easy. Here we report a simple and effective method to archaize wood, Castanopsis sclerophylla, by ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) treatment without significantly affecting its mechanical properties and durability. The lightness and the color indexes of treated wood are similar to the ancient wood sample. The mechanical properties of FeCl 3 treated wood are not statistically different from the control. Our durability testing results indicated that FeCl 3 treated wood has good decay resistance against Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor with a mass loss of less than 10 % . This study provides a convenient method for the restoration and protection of ancient buildings.
{"title":"Antique wood preparation by inorganic salts treatment and its performance","authors":"M. Sun, Chen Zhao, Youming Yu","doi":"10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2023000100423","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of historic timber structures is of great importance for cultural inheritance and community identity promotion. However, most of the current methods available for ancient architecture protection significantly affect their original appearance and aesthetic value and finding wood elements that are similar to the ones in existing historic timber structures is not easy. Here we report a simple and effective method to archaize wood, Castanopsis sclerophylla, by ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) treatment without significantly affecting its mechanical properties and durability. The lightness and the color indexes of treated wood are similar to the ancient wood sample. The mechanical properties of FeCl 3 treated wood are not statistically different from the control. Our durability testing results indicated that FeCl 3 treated wood has good decay resistance against Irpex lacteus and Trametes versicolor with a mass loss of less than 10 % . This study provides a convenient method for the restoration and protection of ancient buildings.","PeriodicalId":18092,"journal":{"name":"Maderas-ciencia Y Tecnologia","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90677195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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